介绍

Introduction

你的声音是你的一部分！没有它，你就不能离开家，每次你张开嘴，都会发出你的声音。你可能已经很清楚这个事实，因为你拿起了这本书。如果你张开嘴，人们会注意你的每一个字怎么办？如果人们能更好地理解你——甚至在你说话时欣赏你，那会怎样？如果您喜欢这些想法，请继续阅读！

Your voice is so much part of who you are! You can’t leave home without it, and every time you open your mouth it’s your voice that comes out. You’re probably already well aware of this fact because you picked up this book. What if you opened your mouth and people hung on your every word? What if people understood you better – and even appreciated you when you spoke? If you like these ideas, read on!

我在一对一的咨询和研讨会中与数百人一起工作，并有幸一次又一次地见证当你成功发展自己的声音时，生活会发生积极的变化。有些人带着恐惧和恐惧来找我，他们几乎无法走进门；其他人咨询我以准备重要的国际演讲或媒体采访。在每种情况下，声音的改善都伴随着新的内心自信。他们在各个方面都找到了自己的声音。那也会发生在你身上。

I’ve worked with literally hundreds of people in one-to-one consultations and in workshops, and had the pleasure of witnessing again and again the positive life changes that come when you successfully develop your voice. Some people come to me in such fear and trepidation, they can scarcely walk through the door; others consult me to prepare for important international presentations or media interviews. In each case, voice improvement is accompanied by a new inner confidence. They find their voice in every sense. That will happen for you too.

当您的声音有力且富有表现力时，大门就会为您打开。大多数职业都欢迎听起来不错、能说会道的人。人们会根据你的声音形成非常固定和强烈的意见。我敢肯定，您不时听到过类似“她听起来很聪明”或“他听起来很友善”之类的评论。晋升往往取决于你的声音。关系在其上开花或破裂。

When your voice is strong and expressive, doors open for you. Most professions welcome people who sound good and can speak well. People form remarkably fixed and strong opinions based on your voice. I’m sure that you’ve heard remarks from time to time like, ‘she sounds intelligent’ or ‘he sounds friendly’. Promotion often depends on your voice. Relationships blossom or founder on it.

但你也可能认识一些人，他们并没有意识到他们的声音在多大程度上是一种负担。你想花更多的时间和他们在一起，但他们的声音！也许你会发现某个男人很消极，因为他呻吟的语气真的让你感到厌烦。或者你觉得那个女人太尖锐了，因为她的语气短促。或者某些人的高分贝和尖叫声会让您四处逃窜！

But you also probably know several people who are unaware of just how much their voices are liabilities. You’d like to spend more time with them, but their voices! Maybe you find a certain man negative when his moaning tone is really what puts you off. Or you find that woman too sharp because of her clipped tones. Or the sheer decibels and shrieking pitch of certain people have you running for cover!

研究和个人经验证实，肢体语言具有很强的影响力。你的声音同样有力，甚至更有力。声音的音调会通过其振动影响其他人。令人不快的大声说话感觉就像是对您本人的攻击。但同样，这种影响可能低于意识水平，在你没有意识到原因的情况下影响你对一个人的看法。

Research and personal experience confirms that body language has a strong impact. Your voice is equally powerful and maybe even more so. The tone of a voice affects others physically with its vibrations. A loud unpleasant voice can feel like an assault on your very person. But equally, the impact can be below the level of consciousness, influencing your view of a person without your realising why.

当你发现如何说得好时，你会发现人们对你的态度不同，你会吸引不同的人脉。寻找你的声音是一段超越声音世界的旅程。当您通读这些章节或与语音教练一起工作时，您会发现真实地说出自己想法的能力可以增强您的信心并让您更好地了解自己。在找到你独特的声音时，你会发现你在这个世界上的存在方式。你意识到你有话要说。最初是对好声音的追求，后来变成了发现你天生就是这样的人。您对自己的皮肤变得更加自在，并且更能够成功地与他人联系。这是成功的秘诀。

When you discover how to speak well, you find that people treat you differently, and that you attract different connections. Finding your voice is a journey that takes you beyond the world of sound. As you read through these chapters or work with a voice coach, you find that the ability to speak your mind authentically builds your confidence and allows you to know yourself better. In finding your unique voice, you discover your way of being in the world. You realise that you have something to say. What starts as a quest for a good voice, becomes the discovery of the person you were born to be. You become more at ease in your own skin, and more able to connect successfully with other people. This is a great recipe for success.

因此，深入阅读这本书；周围看看。用你的声音演奏乐器是一件有趣的事情，结果肯定会令人惊叹。你可以从书中的任何地方开始。. . 或者，如果您愿意，只需翻页即可。

So, dip into this book; have a look around. Playing with the instrument that is your voice is a fun thing to do, and the results are sure to be awe inspiring. You can start at any place in the book . . . or if you prefer, just turn the page.

关于本书

About This Book

这本书探讨了如何在各种情况下更有效、更有影响力地使用你的声音。有很多关于公开演讲的书籍，但它们主要集中在创建演示文稿的技巧上。本书为您提供实用的帮助，帮助您在亲密的一对一对话、在大量听众面前的演示以及介于两者之间的一切中有力地使用您的声音。

This book explores how to use your voice more effectively and influentially in every context. Plenty of books on public speaking exist, but they concentrate mostly on tips for creating presentations. This book gives you the practical help to use your voice powerfully in intimate one-to-one conversations, presentations before enormous audiences and everything in between.

无论您是想与其他人建立良好的联系，还是被安排在成千上万的听众面前演讲，拥有好嗓子的基本要素都是一样的。我希望你能够自由、真实地、有趣地、多变地使用你的声音，这样它在任何场合都能很好地为你服务。

The basics of a great voice are the same whether you wish to connect well with one other person or are booked to speak to an audience of thousands. What I want for you is the ability to use your voice freely and authentically with interest and variety, so that it serves you well on all occasions.

这本书适合所有希望提高嗓音的人——您不需要任何以前的专业知识。您已经拥有了所需的一切，那就是您的声乐乐器。也就是说，如果您是演员或专业演讲者，您仍然可以在这里找到许多有用的小块来增强您的表演并为您的声音带来更多的范围和微妙之处。

This book is for anyone who wishes to improve their voice – you don’t need any previous know-how. You already have all you need, and that’s your vocal instrument. That said, if you’re an actor or professional speaker you can still find plenty of useful nuggets here to enhance your performance and bring added range and subtlety to your sound.

获得一副好嗓子的旅程包括许多有用的技巧，但您主要需要考虑摆脱自己的方式，让您自然饱满而有力的声音响起。

The journey to acquiring a great voice includes many helpful techniques, but you mainly need to think about getting out of your own way to enable your natural full and powerful voice to ring out.

我包括音轨，以便您在练习练习时可以准确地听到我正在描述的内容并理解您的目标。

I include audio tracks so that you can hear exactly what I’m describing and understand what you’re aiming for as you practise the exercises.

本书中使用的约定

Conventions Used in This Book

你会认出本书中的术语；我不会使用任何医学或其他行话来打扰您。我在电影和书籍的标题以及当我很兴奋并想强调某些内容以引起您的注意时使用斜体文本。列表中的关键概念和编号步骤的标题以粗体显示。网址和电子邮件地址在monofont. 仅此而已！

You’ll recognise the terms in this book; I don’t use any medical or other jargon to put you off. I use italic text for titles of films and books and for when I get excited and want to emphasise something for your attention. The key concepts in a list and the headings for numbered steps are in bold. Web and email addresses are in monofont. And that’s about it!

你不应该阅读的内容

What You’re Not to Read

For Dummies书籍的伟大之处在于，您无需费力地浏览大量无趣的信息即可获得所需内容。通过使用目录，您可以轻松地转到对您最有用的页面并从那里获取。

The great thing about For Dummies books is that you don’t have to wade through loads of uninteresting information to get to what you need. By using the Table of Contents, you can easily turn to the pages that are going to be most useful to you and take it from there.

在与客户打交道多年后，我忍不住时不时地向您提供背景信息或相关的有趣故事；这些引人入胜但非必需的项目都已标记，因此您可以随时跳过它们。他们包括：

After years of working with clients, I can’t resist giving you background information or related stories of interest from time to time; these fascinating but not-essential items are marked so that you can skip them whenever you want. They include:

侧边栏中的文本：侧边栏是随处可见的阴影框。它们通常包含历史信息、背景或个人故事。

Text in sidebars: The sidebars are shaded boxes that appear here and there. They often contain historical information, background or personal stories.

版权页：除非您决心从头到尾阅读，否则您可以跳过此页的法律语言和转载信息！

The Copyright page: Unless you’re determined to read from cover to cover, you can skip this page of legal language and reprint information!

愚蠢的假设

Foolish Assumptions

我还没有见过你本人，所以我在写这本书时对你做了一些假设。我假设：

I’ve yet to meet you personally, so I’ve made a few assumptions about you in writing this book. I’m assuming:

你有发言权！

That you have a voice!

你真的想做些什么来提高你的声音和说话技巧。

That you genuinely want to do something about improving your voice and speaking skills.

你愿意试一试。

That you’re willing to have a go.

您将本着好奇和实验的精神轻松地进行练习。

That you’ll approach the exercises with a light heart in a spirit of curiosity and experimentation.

你愿意对你的努力感到惊喜。

That you’re willing to be pleasantly surprised by your efforts.

我想知道这是否愚蠢。. . 我认为不是！

I wonder if that’s foolish . . . I’m thinking not!

本书是如何组织的

How This Book is Organised

我将《傻瓜语音与口语技巧》分为六个部分。每个部分都涵盖一系列主题，以帮助您了解语音，并提供练习供您练习。每个部分都分为几章，其中包含将您的技能提升到高水平所需的所有信息。目录为您提供了所有标题，以便您找到自己的出路。如果您在目录中看不到特定主题，索引也很有用。

I organised Voice and Speaking Skills For Dummies in six parts. Each part covers a range of subjects to help you find out about voice, with exercises for you to practise. Each part is divided into chapters, which contain all the information you need to build your skill to a high level. The Table of Contents gives you all the headings to find your way around. The Index is also helpful if you don’t see a particular topic in the Table of Contents.

第一部分：介绍人声

Part I: Introducing the Human Voice

在这部分中，我为探索语音和说话技巧奠定了基础。您会了解语音训练，探索成功声音的特征，并发现在您自己的声音和他人的声音中应该注意什么。您将有机会真正倾听自己的声音并决定自己的发展方式。

In this part I lay the foundations for exploring voice and speaking skills. You find out about voice coaching, explore the characteristics of successful voices and discover what to listen out for in your own voice and others’ voices. You get the opportunity to really listen to your own voice and decide how you want to develop.

第二部分：从语音基础开始

Part II: Beginning with Voice Basics

在这里，您将着手打造好嗓子的最重要基础——如何在保持开放和放松的同时良好呼吸。您会发现您的整个身体如何在产生声音中发挥作用。通过这些技巧，您可以练习释放您的声音并改善声音。准备好享受元音和辅音的乐趣，让您的语言充满活力。你还会发现如何清晰地说话，这样就不会再有人误解你了。如果您愿意，这也是您擅长绕口令的机会！

Here you embark upon the all-important foundation of a good voice – how to breathe well while staying open and relaxed. You discover how your whole body has a part to play in producing the sound. With these skills, you can practise freeing your voice and improving its sound. Get ready to have fun playing with vowels and consonants that bring your language alive. You also discover how to speak with clarity so that nobody ever misunderstands you again. Here’s your opportunity to get good at tongue twisters as well if you wish!

第三部分：演奏好你的乐器

Part III: Playing Your Instrument Well

现在乐趣开始了！您可以调高或调低音量，用响亮的声音给人们惊喜，用柔和的声音引诱他们——以及介于两者之间的一切。了解如何保持缓慢的权威步伐或以更快的步伐激发听众的活力。我向您介绍共鸣，这是专业演讲者梦想的秘诀，让您听起来自信、兴奋、坚定、政治家风范或充满激情。当您获得对乐器的控制权时，您会发现您开始超越技术，让声音听起来真实而轻松。

Now the fun starts! You’re able to turn your volume up and down, surprise people with a loud voice, seduce them with a soft voice – and everything in between. Discover how to sustain a slow authoritative pace or energise your listeners with a faster pace. I introduce you to resonance, the professional speaker’s dream secret for sounding confident, excited, firm, statesmanlike or passionate. As you gain control of your instrument, you discover that you’re beginning to move beyond technique to sound authentic and at ease.

第四部分：打败语音小魔怪

Part IV: Beating the Voice Gremlins

在这一部分中，我将指出并羞辱过去困扰您声音的小鬼！你会发现如何克服任何阻碍你说话的因素，包括恐惧和其他情绪，并且你会暴露你的各种诡计。我将引导您了解口音这个棘手的话题，并向您展示如何吃蛋糕和吃蛋糕——换句话说，保持您的口音，但让其他人倾听并清楚地理解您。我为口吃和犹豫提供帮助，包括关于解决停止反射和变得流利的最新想法的信息。

In this part, I name and shame the gremlins that have beset your voice in the past! You discover how to overcome whatever blocks you from speaking well, including fear and other emotions, and you expose your various subterfuges. I guide you through the tricky topic of accents and show you how you can have your cake and eat it – in other words, keep your accent but have others listen and clearly understood you. I offer help for stuttering and hesitation, including information on the latest thinking around tackling the stop reflex and becoming fluent.

第五部分：与更广泛的公众接触

Part V: Engaging with a Broader Public

如果您必须进行演示或演讲，请参阅此部分，这样您既可以吸引听众，又可以进入最佳状态。我将向您展示如何用您的声音来领导和影响，以及如何言出必行——或者更确切地说，言出必行！如果您在工作中经常使用声音，那么这部分适合您。您会找到有关保持声音良好状态的令人放心的建议，以及有关如何在不同职业中有效使用声音的有用材料。

This section is the one to consult if you have to give a presentation or speech, so you can both engage your audience and enter the state of mind where you’re at your best. I show you how to lead and influence with your voice and how to walk your talk – or rather talk your walk! If you use your voice a lot in your work, this part is for you. You find reassuring advice on keeping your voice in good condition as well as useful material on how to use your voice effectively in different professions.

第六部分：十的部分

Part VI: The Part of Tens

这些简短有趣的章节是每本傻瓜书的著名部分。在这里，您可以找到让您听起来像是认真的重要提示、增强您的魅力的鼓舞人心的想法，以及保护您的声音的宝贵提示。我还分享了我最喜欢的十个例子——现在！– 美妙的声音供您欣赏。看看你是否同意我的选择。

These short fun chapters are a famous part of every Dummies book. Here you find top tips for sounding as if you mean business, inspirational ideas for increasing your charisma, and invaluable hints for looking after your voice. I also share my ten favourite examples – at the moment! – of great voices for you to enjoy. See whether you agree with my selection.

本书中使用的图标

Icons Used in This Book

在整本书中，您会发现以下图标可以引导您找到重要部分并集中注意力：

Throughout the book you find the following icons to guide you to the important bits and focus your attention:

这个图标让您有机会尝试某些技巧和说话方式，并将它们“融入肌肉”。语音工作非常实用。你会以一种好奇但不太严肃的心态“试一试”练习，从而从中获得最大收益。您不必一次就把事情做好！

This icon offers you the opportunity to try certain techniques and ways of speaking and get them ‘in the muscle’. Voice work is highly practical. You’ll get the most out of it by ‘having a go’ at exercises with a curious but not too serious frame of mind. You don’t have to get things right first time!

该图标突出显示您可以在 Internet 上找到的特定演讲者或演讲。聆听特定的声音或特定类型的声音，然后花时间反思您听到的声音并注意它引起的反应。

The icon highlights particular speakers or speeches that you can find on the Internet. Listen to a particular voice or type of voice and then spend time reflecting on the sound you hear and noticing the response it attracts.

此图标表示练习有伴奏音轨，您可以在其中听到我演示如何进行这些练习。附录 B 列出了音轨。

This icon indicates exercises that have an accompanying audio track where you can hear me demonstrating how to approach them. Appendix B lists the audio tracks.

轶事是我包含的现实生活经历的例子，可以帮助您更好地理解。这些故事都是基于真人为保护无辜者而改名。有时，我会结合不止一位客户的故事来阐明一个观点。

Anecdotes are examples of real-life experiences that I include to help you understand better. The stories are all based on real people with names changed to protect the innocent. Occasionally, I’ve combined the stories of more than one client to make a point clearer.

此图标提醒您注意您肯定会发现特别有价值的点。请特别注意这些位。

This icon reminds you to watch out for points that you’re sure to find especially valuable. Note these bits with special care.

此图标表示方便的实用技巧，可帮助您从一般的声乐练习和发声工作中获得最佳效果。

This icon indicates handy practical tips that help you get the best out of the vocal exercises and voice work in general.

从这往哪儿走

Where to Go from Here

跳到你想要的书的任何部分。我写它是为了让你可以从任何时候开始，然后根据自己的需要深入和退出。如果您不知道从哪里开始，第 I 部分将概述所有语音要素，然后您可以从那里扩展。看看是什么引起了您的兴趣。依靠目录来指导您。

Jump into any part of the book you wish. I wrote it so that you can start at any point and then dip in and out as suits you. If you don’t know where to start, Part I gets you going with an overview of all the voice essentials, and then you can broaden out from there. See what grabs your interest. Rely on the Table of Contents to guide you around.

如果你不把它弄得一团糟，变声是最容易发生的。因此，本着好奇和玩耍的精神尝试本书中的任何建议，你会从中得到最大的收获，就像人们在我的研讨会上所做的那样。享受这本书，享受你的声音带来的乐趣！

Voice change happens most easily if you don’t make heavy weather of it. So try out any of the suggestions in this book in a spirit of curiosity and play and you’ll get the most out of it, just as people do in my workshops. Enjoy the book and have fun with your voice!

第1章

Chapter 1

有一个伟大的声音

Having a Great Voice

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

发现你的声音能提供什么

Discovering what your voice has to offer

了解语音训练

Finding out about voice coaching

识别最佳声音的品质

Identifying the qualities of the best voices

当您想象一个伟大的声音时，您会想到什么？浪漫电影中美丽动人的场景？一位魅力四射的领导者向狂喜的听众讲话？一位商业领袖巧妙地说服了董事会？父母给孩子读睡前故事？在所有这些情况下，拥有鼓舞人心的声音会有多大的不同！

When you imagine a great voice, what springs to mind? A beautifully touching scene in a romantic film? A charismatic leader addressing an enraptured audience? A business leader skilfully persuading the board? A parent reading a bed-time story to a child? What a difference having an inspiring voice makes in all these scenarios!

也许你拿起这本书是因为你不喜欢你的声音。许多人出于不同的原因有这种感觉。也许您不喜欢自己的口音或语气、音量不足或说话会导致身体出现问题。也许你很好奇，因为目前你认为自己的声音是理所当然的，并假设你被现有的东西所束缚，即使你不是特别喜欢你的声音。也许你内心深处知道你可以自信而有效地说话——如果你只是从经验丰富的专业人士那里得到一些建议？

Maybe you picked up this book because you don’t like your voice. Many people feel this way for different reasons. Perhaps you dislike your accent or your tone, your lack of volume or the fact that speaking causes you physical problems. Maybe you’re curious because currently you take your voice for granted and assume that you’re stuck with what you’ve got, even if you don’t particularly like the way you sound. Maybe you know in your heart of hearts that you can speak confidently and effectively – if you just had some advice from a seasoned professional?

好吧，您来对地方了！你的声音很重要。它对其他人有很大的影响。每次你开口，都会对你在人际关系和事业上的成功产生深远的影响。发展你的声音是你可以做的最有用的事情之一，可以改善你在许多不同领域的前景。你可以改变你的声音。

Well, you’ve come to the right place! Your voice matters. It has a big impact on other people. Each time you open your mouth, you can have a profound influence on your success in personal relationships and in your career. Developing your voice is one of the most useful things you can do to improve your prospects in many different arenas. And you can change your voice.

在本章中，您会发现发展您的声音会带来多么大的不同——在您的影响力、人际关系、工作机会等方面。您会发现哪些声音特征构成了出色的声音，并研究了如何为自己获得这些特征。

In this chapter, you discover what a radical difference developing your voice makes – in terms of your impact, relationships, job opportunities and more. You find out what voice characteristics constitute a great voice and look at how you can acquire those characteristics for yourself.

吹喇叭的声音

Trumpeting the Voice

每个人都有发言权，您的发言权就是您的千载难逢的机会。你的声音是你拥有的最强大的沟通工具——如果它能如你所愿地为你工作。

Everyone has a voice, and your voice is your golden opportunity. Your voice is the strongest communication tool you have – if it’s working for you as you intend.

当我说声音时，我说的是真实的声音，而不是你可能会说的话。想想你听到的声音。仅仅是一个声音的语气就可以把你激怒到死，融化你的整个人或让你的灵魂翱翔——你甚至不需要理解说话者的语言就能在你的内心深处感受到他或她的意思！

When I say voice, I’m talking actual sounds, not the words you may say. Think about voices you’ve heard. Just the sheer tone of a voice can irritate you to death, melt your whole being or make your soul soar – you don’t even need to understand the speaker’s language to feel his or her meaning in your very depths!

声音的影响可能是毁灭性的。在 1974 年伯明翰酒吧爆炸案之前接过致命警告电话的邮局工作人员仍能清楚地记得将近四十年后电话另一端那个人的声音。“他说话的方式就好像他对我个人怀恨在心，”他说。“有仇恨。”

The effect of a voice can be devastating. The post office worker who took the fateful warning call before the Birmingham pub bombings in 1974 can still clearly remember the voice of the man at the other end of the phone almost four decades later. ‘The way he spoke it was as if he had a grudge against me personally,’ he says. ‘There was hatred.’

另一方面，请某人描述他们所爱的人，很多时候你会听到“我就是喜欢听他说话”或“她的声音最美”。声音中的某些东西会到达你生命的最深处，并发挥它的魔力。

On the other hand, ask someone to describe the person they love, and many times you hear, ‘I just love to listen to him,’ or ‘She has the most beautiful voice.’ Something about the voice reaches the innermost recesses of your being and works its magic.

我经常将声音称为乐器，但实际上，拥有声音更像是拥有整个管弦乐队，可能性如此多样。因此，如果您的声音总是听起来像刺耳的短号或吱吱作响的长笛，那么您就错过了声乐管弦乐队的其他乐器——所有其他可能以不同方式影响人们的表达方式。

I often refer to the voice as an instrument, but really, having a voice is more like having a whole orchestra, the possibilities are so varied. So if your voice sounds permanently like a strident cornet or a squeaky flute, you’re missing out on the other instruments of your voice orchestra – all those other possibilities of expression that can affect people in different ways.

探索你声音的力量

Exploring the power of your voice

你对他人的印象与他们的声音息息相关。人们的声音印象深刻。他们是他们真实生活的一部分，并提供有关他们性格、价值观、态度和当前心理状态的线索。

Your impressions of others are bound up with how they sound. People’s voices impress deeply. They’re a living part of who they are and give clues to their character, values, attitudes and current state of mind.

和其他人一样，您的语调具有鼓舞人心或贬低他人的力量。

Like everyone else, your tone of voice has the power to lift people up or put them down.

作为经理，您可以用您的声音恐吓他人——或者让他们感谢您的支持。

As a manager, you can intimidate others with your voice – or make them appreciate your support.

作为看护者，您可以吓唬或给其他人带来压力——或者让他们安心，让他们在靠近您时感觉更好。

As a caregiver, you can frighten or stress other people – or give them such peace of mind that they feel better just being near you.

作为领导者，您可以激励您的部队，让他们跟随您投入战斗——或者让他们失去动力，让他们想要除掉您。

As a leader, you can energise your troops so that they follow you into battle – or so demotivate them that they want to get rid of you.

作为老师或家长，您可以给孩子们发挥最大潜力的信心——或者您可以剥夺他们所有的信念和自尊。

As a teacher or parent, you can give children the confidence to achieve their highest potential – or you can strip them of all belief and self-respect.

作为一名教练，您可以用您的声音号召他人采取行动，鼓励反思性思维或开启感受和情绪的途径——否则您的声音听起来可能令人压抑并削弱他人的信心。

As a coach, you can use your voice to call others to action, to encourage reflective thinking or to open the way to feeling and emotion – or your voice can sound oppressive and sap others of confidence.

诗人亨利·朗费罗说：“人声是灵魂的器官。” 有时，一个人说话后很长一段时间，他的声音仍会留在您的身边。凭借您的声音，您拥有说服、影响和启发的巨大潜力；吸引某人，深深地影响人们或使他们的心欢欣鼓舞。

The poet Henry Longfellow said, ‘The human voice is the organ of the soul.’ Sometimes the living sound of a voice stays with you long after the person speaks. With your voice you have the glorious potential to persuade, to influence and inspire; to woo someone, to affect people deeply or to make their hearts rejoice.

收获伟大声音的回报

Reaping the rewards of a great voice

我认为今天的声音比以往任何时候都更重要。说话得体、口才好的人，似乎在生活中获得的机会更多。他们的话流动起来，人们对他们感到温暖。今天，你不会经常发现公司首席执行官或高级政治家的发言权不足。巴拉克奥巴马、戴维卡梅伦和其他杰出政治家的迅速政治崛起以精彩的演讲开始并蓬勃发展。看看那些口才出众的面试官，比如 Jonathan Ross 或 Ellen DeGeneres。请注意对那些有趣的主播的尊重，例如沃尔特克朗凯特和黛安索耶。

I contend that sound matters today more than ever. People who speak easily and well seem to get more opportunities in life. Their words flow and people warm to them. You don’t often find a corporate chief executive or senior politician today with an inadequate voice. The rapid political rise of Barack Obama, David Cameron and other prominent politicians started and flourished with brilliant speeches. Look at the popularity of interviewers with the gift of the gab, like Jonathan Ross or Ellen DeGeneres. Note the respect given to anchors who are interesting to listen to, such as Walter Cronkite and Diane Sawyer.

没有人可以避免口语。工作场所的谈话比以往任何时候都多——团队会议、电话会议和演示；办公室被安排为全天不断沟通的开放式计划。工作对口头要求更高。这是声音咬合的时代。你需要听起来不错。

No one can avoid the spoken word. More talking than ever goes on in the workplace – team meetings, conference calls and presentations; offices are arranged open plan for all-day constant communication. Jobs are more vocally demanding. This is the age of the sound bite. You need to sound good.

出身卑微的布朗克斯区前美国国务卿科林鲍威尔在他的自传中声称，在他职业生涯的早期从事公开演讲对他在公共生活中的成功至关重要。他致力于成为一名有说服力的公众演说家，并培养他与人交流和发自内心说话的能力。他因为讲得好而被提拔了。他的人生故事告诉您，不仅有效的公开演讲会带来成功，而且并非所有伟大的演讲者都是天生的。你可以努力去发现如何把它做好。

Former United States Secretary of State Colin Powell, who came from a humble background in the Bronx, claims in his autobiography that working on public speaking early on in his career made all the difference to his success in public life. He committed to becoming a persuasive public speaker and developing his abilities to connect with people and speak from the heart. He was noticed for promotion because he spoke well. His life story shows you not only that effective public speaking brings success, but also that not all great speakers are born. You can make the effort to discover how to do it well.

鲍威尔绝不是第一个靠公开演讲技巧升任高级职位的人。几个世纪以来，它一直是一个不变的模式。甚至在 2000 年前，西塞罗虽然不是出身于上层阶级，却凭借其演讲的影响力升至罗马帝国执政官的崇高级别（见第 8 章）。从那时到现在，口才一直是政治成功的重要因素。

Powell is by no means the first person whose rise to high office was facilitated by his skill in public speaking. It has been a constant pattern through the centuries. Even 2000 years ago, Cicero, though not from the leading class, rose to the exalted rank of consul of the Roman Empire through the power of his speeches (see Chapter 8). From that time to this, eloquence continues to be an important factor in political success.

出于好奇，想象一下温斯顿丘吉尔爵士在战时演讲中用紧张的小脑袋发出的声音。荒谬，不是吗？声音很重要。

Just for curiosity, invent an image of Sir Winston Churchill giving his war-time speeches in a tight little head voice. Absurd, isn’t it? The voice does matter.

声音是整个信息的组成部分。在每一次伟大的演讲中，声音都会使信息生动起来并赋予它宏伟的气势。当您以自信的语气与专业人士交谈时，他们会认真对待您。当有人用发自内心的声音说“我爱你”时，声音可以使星星更加明亮。

The voice is an integral part of the whole message. In every great speech, the voice brings the message alive and gives it its grandeur. When you speak to someone professionally in a confident voice, they take you seriously. When someone says, ‘I love you’ in a heartfelt voice, the sound can make the stars shine brighter.

小改变大影响

Making small changes for big impact

您可能了解声音会对人产生重大影响，但怀疑改变或改进您的声音是否可能。您已经和自己的声音一起生活了很长时间，现在您可能会觉得它就像一双旧鞋一样舒服。您的家人和朋友可能都以同样的方式说话。也许到现在为止，您的声音已经成为您的一部分，以至于您无法想象如何改变它。

You may understand that a voice can have a big impact on people but doubt that changing or improving yours is possible. You’ve lived with your voice for a long time, and now it may feel as comfortable as an old shoe. Your family and friends may all speak in the same way. Perhaps by now your voice feels so much part of who you are that you can’t imagine how to change it.

让我在这里鼓励你。您只需稍微改变说话方式即可享受丰厚的回报。例如，如果您的声音听起来稍微强一点，其他人就会开始将您视为一个更强大的人，然后您会觉得自己更强大并开始表现得更强大——在您不知不觉中，人们对您的尊重比对您的尊重更多前。当你的声音听起来更积极、更善解人意、更关心或更真诚时，就会出现同样的循环。就您对他人的影响而言，微小的变化会带来巨大的影响，因此也会影响您的自信心和自尊。

Let me encourage you here. You only have to make minor changes to how you speak in order to enjoy big rewards. For example, if your voice sounds just a little bit stronger, other people begin to see you as a stronger person, and then you feel stronger in yourself and begin to act stronger – before you know it, people are treating you with more respect than before. The same cycle plays out when your voice sounds a little more positive, empathetic, caring or genuine. Slight changes bring big results in terms of the impact you have on others – and also therefore on your self-confidence and esteem.

无论您需要（或不需要）做出什么声音变化，您都不能真正忽视您的声音，因为即使您试图创造不同的印象，它也有暴露您的倾向。例如，您可能想要听起来很高兴，但声音中的尖锐暗示并非如此。或者你想用你的果断给别人留下深刻印象，但你虚弱的语气反而表明缺乏权威。

Whatever voice changes you need (or don’t need) to make, you can’t really ignore your voice because it has the tendency to give you away even when you’re trying to create a different impression. For instance, you may want to sound pleased, but the edge in your voice suggests otherwise. Or you seek to impress people with your decisiveness, but your weak tone suggests instead lack of authority.

冒险去发现你真实声音的力量。以下部分是一段语音之旅，在此期间，我将向您展示如何发挥声音的内在力量，以及如何与人们建立联系，让他们听到您的热情、同理心、活力和智慧。

Take the plunge to discover the power of your authentic voice. The following sections are a voice journey during which I show you how to bring out the innate power of your voice and how to connect with people so that they hear your passion, your empathy, your energy and intellect.

享受说得好带来的好处

Enjoying the Advantages of Speaking Well

当你的声音完全表达了你想说的细微差别时，你就实现了与他人的真正交流，所有的互动都变得更加轻松愉快。发生这种情况时，其他人会开始以不同的方式看待您，并且各种可能性都会向您敞开。

When your voice expresses fully the nuances of what you want to say, then you achieve real communication with others, and all your interactions become easier and more enjoyable. When that happens, other people begin to view you differently, and all manner of possibilities open themselves to you.

在接下来的部分中，我将带您了解口语流利的一些主要优势。

I take you through some of the principal advantages of speaking well in the following sections.

被清楚地理解

Being understood clearly

当人们很容易理解您时，您可能会惊讶于您拥有的额外影响力。

You may be surprised at the additional clout you have when people can understand you easily.

喃喃自语肯定会给人一种你不想待在那里的印象！就好像你在说，‘我有点想让你听到我在说什么；不，我根本不想让你听到，或者我可能会听到；不，不，我不！

Mumbling is a sure way to give people the impression that you don’t want to be there! It’s as if you’re saying, ‘I sort of want you to hear what I’m saying; no I don’t want you to hear after all, or maybe I do; no, no, I don’t!’

当你能清楚地表达出来时，人们会毫不费力地倾听你的声音，除此之外，他们还会与你互动。第 6 章为您提供了许多建议和练习，使您的演讲更清晰、更易于聆听。

When you can articulate clearly, people listen to you without strain, and beyond that, they engage with you. Chapter 6 gives you lots of advice and exercises for making your speech clearer and easier to listen to.

聆听是一种享受

Being a pleasure to listen to

当人们告诉您他们可以听您讲几个小时因为他们喜欢您的声音时，这是一种极好的赞美。当观众享受这种体验时，将您的信息传达给他们会容易得多！

It’s a wonderful compliment when people tell you that they can listen to you for hours because they love your voice. Getting your message across to an audience is so much easier when they’re enjoying the experience!

好听的关键从良好的呼吸开始，第 4 章将带您了解说话时有效呼吸的整个过程。良好的呼吸可以让声音在您的身体中产生共鸣，从而赋予您的音调深度和色彩。请参阅第 9 章了解更多关于共鸣及其对于增加多样性和吸引听众的重要性。

The key to sounding good begins with breathing well, and Chapter 4 takes you through the whole process of effective breathing for speaking. A good breath allows the sound to resonate through your body, giving your tone depth and colour. Go to Chapter 9 for more about resonance and its importance for adding variety and engaging your listeners.

张力永远是好声音的敌人。当您感到压力或紧张时，您的声音通常会收紧并且听起来更细更细。您几乎可以肯定地发现，当您感到轻松自在、感到快乐和满足时，例如在朋友的舒适陪伴下，您的声音最好。

Tension is always the enemy of a good sound. When you’re stressed or nervous, your voice usually tightens up and sounds thinner and tinnier. You almost certainly find that you sound best when you’re at ease, feeling happy and content, in the comfortable companionship of friends for instance.

问问几个朋友，你在放松的时候和紧张的时候听起来怎么样。找出他们在您的声音中注意到的具体差异。

Ask a few friends how you sound when you’re having a relaxing time compared with when you’re more tense. Find out what specific differences they notice in your voice.

感觉更有信心

Feeling more confident

当我与紧张的人一起工作时，他们有时会告诉我，如果他们获得自信，他们相信他们会说得更好。可能是这样——反之亦然。如果你提高了你的口语技巧，你会立即获得更多的信心。对听众说得好并得到积极的回应是极大的信心助推器。

When I work with people who are nervous, they sometimes tell me that if they gained in confidence they believe they would speak better. That’s probably so – and the reverse is also true. If you improve your speaking skills, you gain added confidence straightaway. Speaking well to an audience and receiving a positive response is a great confidence-booster.

了解如何在说话时放松身体——这样做可以让您的声音更自由、更有力。我在第 5 章介绍了放松。此外，放慢你的步伐会增加你的庄重感，也会给你更多的思考时间。

Discover how to relax your body when you speak – doing so gives you a freer and stronger voice. I cover relaxation in Chapter 5. Additionally, slowing your pace increases your gravitas and gives you more thinking time too.

在尝试调整语气或语速之前，您可能不会意识到当您说话不同时人们对您的反应会发生怎样的变化。你的调整形成了一个循环：他们反应越好，你就会感觉越自信，你的表现就越有力——这会产生更好的反应，进而让你感觉更加自信。. . 你明白了！

Until you try adjusting your tone or pace, you probably don’t realise just how people’s reaction to you changes when you speak differently. Your adjustments create a circle: the better they react, the more confident you feel and the more powerfully you present – which creates an even better reaction, which in turn makes you feel even more confident which . . . you get the idea!

传达权限

Conveying authority

您的声音可以通过许多不同的方式影响人们。当你用更稳定、更低调的声音说话时，你听起来很有权威，人们会更加关注和尊重你。高亢的声音并不能传达出强烈的形象。当你知道如何用低沉的声音舒服地说话时，你语调的简单改变可以让人们对你的看法产生惊人的差异。

Your voice can influence people in many different ways. When you speak with a steadier and lower-pitched voice, you sound authoritative and people pay you more attention and respect. A high squeaky voice just doesn’t convey a strong image. When you know how to speak comfortably in a deeper voice, the simple change in your tone can achieve amazing differences in people’s perception of you.

实现改变只是调整你的音量和速度，并降低你的语调的问题。第 7 章包含有关如何更有力和稳定说话的有用建议，第 9 章向您展示如何在不强迫声音的情况下用更深沉的语调说话。在第 17 章中，我给了你一整章现成的提示和技巧，让你听起来更权威。

Achieving the change is just a matter of adjusting your volume and speed, and pitching your tone of voice lower. Chapter 7 contains helpful advice on how to speak more strongly and steadily, and Chapter 9 shows you how to speak in deeper tones without forcing your voice. In Chapter 17, I give you a whole chapter of ready hints and tips for sounding more authoritative.

影响他人

Influencing others

语音指导技巧可以让您清晰地表达自己并产生强大的影响力。但真正的影响是微妙的，它会把你带到另一个层次，在那里你会发现如何通过你的声音与人建立密切的联系。通过联系，人们会被吸引来跟随你的领导，然后你开始更深入地影响他们。第 15 章向您展示了如何更准确地调准您的听众并建立更密切的关系。

Voice coaching techniques can enable you to come across clearly and create a powerful impact. But real influence is subtler and takes you to another level, where you discover how to make a close connection with people through your voice. Through connection people are attracted to follow your lead, and then you begin to influence them more deeply. Chapter 15 shows you how to tune in more accurately to your listeners and create closer rapport.

影响力还取决于你的意图的强度——你的内在能量和目标感——我将在第 10 章中探讨这一点。强烈的意图使你可以用安静的声音和大声的声音一样影响别人。这种内在能量是有影响力的人的秘密之一，您可以轻松获得。

Influence also depends on the strength of your intent – your internal energy and sense of purpose – which I explore in Chapter 10. Strong intent allows you to influence people with a quiet voice just as much as with a loud one. This inner energy is one of the secrets of influential people that you can readily acquire yourself.

技术往往会引导说话者获得熟练的技能，使他们听起来彼此相同。使用强大联系和意图的有影响力的演讲者听起来彼此不同——而且更有趣！

Technique tends to lead speakers to acquire proficient skills that make them sound the same as each other. Influential speakers who use powerful connection and intent sound different from each other – and much more interesting!

聆听您欣赏的公共演讲者。请注意它们彼此之间有何不同。每个人都以自己的方式真实。这才是真正的工作影响力。

Listen to public speakers you admire. Notice how different they are from each other. Each one is authentic in their own way. That’s real influence at work.

激励他人

Inspiring others

有时，当我问教练客户他们想从我们的课程中得到什么时，他们的脸都亮了起来，他们告诉我他们希望人们对他们的每一个字都保持警惕。声音有潜力做到这一点。

Sometimes when I ask coaching clients what they want from our sessions, their faces light up and they tell me they want people hanging on their every word. Sound has the potential to do this.

你有可能通过你的声音在人们中引发积极的状态。一个人的声音让你感到温暖和安慰；另一个激发热情；第三种诱导平静的状态。这种技能不同于拥有优美音调的声音，如魅力四射的电影明星。当然，优美的嗓音可能会让您心情愉快。但更多时候，灵感是关于使用你的声音，让你的听众抓住你的情绪并被它点燃，而不是仅仅拥有优美的音调。

You have the possibility of inducing positive states in people by the sound of your voice. One person’s voice makes you feel warm and comforted; another arouses enthusiasm; a third induces a state of calm. This skill isn’t the same as having a voice with a beautiful tone, like a charismatic film star. Of course, a beautiful voice may well put you in a good frame of mind. But more often, inspiration is about using your voice so that your audience catches your emotion and becomes fired up by it, rather than just having a beautiful tone as such.

敢于用你的声音表达真实的感受，你的听众会捕捉到你情感的能量，并被你所说的感动。在第 9 章中，我将向您展示如何使用身体共鸣来表达您对声音的感受。您还可以在第 18 章中找到有用的材料，这些材料为您提供了如何以魅力说话的提示。

Dare to express genuine feeling in your voice, and your audience catches the energy of your emotion and is moved by what you say. In Chapter 9, I show you how to use body resonance to express your feelings in sound. You also find useful material in Chapter 18, which gives you hints on how to speak with charisma.

娱乐人

Entertaining people

在公开演讲课程中，很少提及笑声。我确实曾经听​​到一位培训师以非常严肃的声音宣布，成功开始演示的唯一方法是先讲一个精心准备的笑话来打破僵局。但是一个预先准备好的笑话并不是真正的重点——而且一开始他们往往就失败了。

In public-speaking courses, laughter is rarely mentioned. I did hear a trainer once who announced in a highly serious voice that the only way to begin a presentation successfully was to start with a well-prepared joke to break the ice. But a single pre-prepared joke is not really the point – and right at the start they often fall flat.

演讲是为了娱乐人们——或者至少是保持他们的注意力——无论你在谈论什么。关键是你的态度。你想给你的听众一种有趣和愉快的体验，而不是一种无聊的体验，即使你谈论的是严肃的或技术性的话题。

Speaking is about entertaining people – or at least keeping their attention – whatever you’re speaking about. The key is your attitude. You want to give your audience an interesting and pleasurable experience rather than a boring one, even if you’re talking about serious or technical topics.

让娱乐成为你演讲的目标之一。这样做会让你根据听众对你的演讲或演讲的体验来思考，而不是关注你演讲的好坏。在准备演示文稿时，请问自己以下问题：

Make entertainment one of your speaking aims. Doing so makes you think in terms of your listeners’ experience of your presentation or speech rather than focusing on how well or badly you’re presenting. As you prepare a presentation, ask yourself the following:

是什么让我的听众对这次演讲感兴趣？

What is going to make this presentation interesting for my audience?

我怎样才能在这次演讲中介绍轻松的时刻？

How can I introduce moments of lightness in this speech?

我怎样才能让我的听众玩得开心？

How can I give my audience a good time?

自由洒以下帮助：

A liberal sprinkling of the following helps:

多样性：通过包含一系列主题、节奏、音量、音调等来保持人们的清醒和兴趣。

Variety: Keep people awake and interested by including a range of subject matter, pace, volume, tone and more.

自发性：不要害怕发表即兴评论并对问题做出真诚的反应。敢于真实。

Spontaneity: Don’t be afraid to make an off-the-cuff comment and to react genuinely to questions. Dare to be real.

幽默：你不需要记住笑话或做聪明的角色。准备好看到事物有趣的一面（当然要保持适当！）。有些演讲者非常拘谨和僵硬，以至于他们甚至对显而易见的事情都没有反应。如果你允许的话，很多幽默就会发生。

Humour: You don’t need to memorise jokes or do clever characters. Just be ready to see the funny side of something (staying appropriate of course!). Some speakers are so buttoned-up and stiff that they don’t even respond to the obvious. Much humour just happens if you allow it to.

享受：玩得开心——不要让自己厌烦！这样其他人也会喜欢您的演示文稿。

Enjoyment: Have a good time – don’t bore yourself ! Then other people will enjoy your presentation too.

故事：使用您自己经历中的轶事和相关示例来使您的演示文稿生动活泼。翻阅第 14 章，了解许多将隐喻和故事融入演讲的有效方法。

Stories: Use anecdotes, and relevant examples from your own experience to liven your presentation. Turn to Chapter 14 for lots of effective ways to incorporate metaphors and stories into your speaking.

将听众视为朋友，而不是那些想抓住你的人。无论您的主题是严肃的还是轻松的，您的听众都希望享受愉快的时光，因此您的工作就是帮助他们做到这一点。

See the audience as friends, not people there to catch you out. Whether your subject is serious or light-hearted, your audience wants to have an enjoyable time, so your job is to help them do that.

连接更好

Connecting better

您的声音具有与他人建立融洽关系的巨大潜力。通过你的声音，你可以调谐到别人身上，向他们表明你理解他们的观点，安抚他们，关心他们，鼓励他们并吸引他们进入你的世界。

Your voice has enormous potential to create rapport with other people. Through your voice you can tune in to others, show them that you understand their points of view, reassure them, care for them, encourage them and attract them into your world.

带着温暖的声音，你可以促进人际关系。

With warmth in your voice, you can promote relationships.

你的声音坚定，人们会注意你的话。

With firmness in your voice, people heed your words.

带着兴奋的声音，他们抓住了你的心情。

With excitement in your voice, they catch your mood.

声音平静下来，气氛就变了，安静了下来。

With calm in your voice, the atmosphere changes and becomes quieter.

以声音表达你内心的情感能量——你的温暖、坚定等等——的技巧可以改变你作为老师、教练、培训师、商业领袖或父母的工作。它可以从根本上改变你生活各个方面的人际关系。

The skill to express the emotional energy within you – your warmth, firmness and so on – in the sound of your voice can transform your work as a teacher, coach, trainer, business leader or parent. And it can fundamentally change personal relationships in every part of your life.

当您记得与某人的激烈或情绪化的交流时，您可能会记得所说的话。但是这些词的影响是由于它们被说出来的方式而不是词本身。你可以说“这太离谱了！” 带着世俗的愤世嫉俗，带着笑声或充满激情的毒液——表达是承载评论能量的东西，赋予它抚慰或伤害的力量。

When you remember a heated or emotional exchange with someone, you probably remember the words that were said. But the impact of the words was due to the way in which they were said rather than the words themselves. You can say ‘that’s outrageous!’ with worldly cynicism, with laughter in your voice or with passionate venom – the expression is what carries the energy of the comment, giving it the power to sooth or wound.

第 9 章将带您了解使用不同音调改变声音的方法。请注意第 9 章中的“心声” ，它向您展示了如何用您的声音表达真正的个人联系。您可能还会发现第 15 章对发现如何用您的声音巧妙地调谐到其他人很有帮助。

Chapter 9 takes you through ways to vary your voice with different tones. Take note of the ‘heart voice’ in Chapter 9, which shows you how to express genuine personal connection in your voice. You may also find Chapter 15 useful for discovering how to tune in to other people subtly with your voice.

了解语音训练

Finding Out about Voice Coaching

发展你的声音最明显的方法是通过声音训练，在本书中我是你的私人声音教练。

The most obvious way to develop your voice is through voice coaching, and I am your personal voice coach throughout this book.

声乐教练也可称为声乐教练或老师，这三个术语有时都用于歌唱教练。口语训练的旧词是“演讲”，它的重点是让学生通过用“正确”的发音朗诵诗歌来清晰和“正确”地发音。

A voice coach may also be called a voice trainer or teacher, and all three terms are sometimes used for singing coaching. The old word for spoken voice coaching was ‘elocution’, which focused on getting students to pronounce words clearly and ‘correctly’ by reciting poetry with ‘correct’ pronunciation.

今天的语音训练是不同的。今天的语音教练不是在口音和发音上花费大部分精力，而是专注于解放您的自然声音（请参阅下一节），以赋予您力量和流利度。几十年来，政治家和公共生活中的人们一直使用语音教练来达到这个目的。这种做法曾经是一个保守的秘密。语音指导似乎很不寻常，甚至有点可耻。确实，乔治六世国王的语音训练因为电影《国王的演讲》的成功而引起了公众的注意， 但当时当权者向公众隐瞒了国王正在接受训练的事实。（有关乔治国王和他的教练莱昂内尔·洛格的更多信息，请参阅第 13 章。）

Voice coaching today is different. Instead of spending most effort on accent and articulation, a voice coach today focuses on liberating your natural voice (see the following section) in order to give you power and fluency. Politicians and those in public life have used voice coaches for this purpose for many decades. The practice used to be a well-kept secret. Voice coaching seemed unusual and even a bit shameful. Indeed, King George VI’s voice coaching has caught the public’s attention now because of the successful film, The King’s Speech, but at the time the establishment hid from the public the fact that the King was being coached. (See Chapter 13 for more on King George and his coach Lionel Logue.)

语音教练已经变得受人尊敬并且非常普遍。公众眼中的许多人——戴安娜王妃和大卫贝克汉姆，仅举两个例子——都接受过语音训练。从约翰肯尼迪和希拉里克林顿到玛格丽特撒切尔和约翰梅杰，许多政治家也曾与语音教练合作过。政客们定期接受指导，以在会议演讲和其他重要场合创造他们需要的影响力。

Voice coaching has become respectable and remarkably common. Many people in the public eye – Princess Diana and David Beckham, as just two examples – received voice coaching. Numerous politicians from John Kennedy and Hillary Clinton to Margaret Thatcher and John Major have worked with voice coaches too. Politicians regularly have coaching to create the impact they need in conference speeches and on other important occasions.

发现你的自然声音

Discovering your natural voice

有语音指导和语音指导！你可以从教练或书本上学习如何大声说话，甚至在你努力之后让人们欣赏你的声音，但这并不是你的声音对人们产生强大影响的原因。获得有影响力的声音的方法是通过发现和发展你天生的声音——在你养成在生活的起起落落中以各种方式限制和扭曲你的声音的习惯之前你天生就有的声音。

There’s voice coaching and voice coaching! You can learn from a coach or a book how to speak loudly and strongly and even have people admire your voice after your efforts, but that is not what gives your voice a powerful impact on people. The way to an influential voice is through discovering and developing your natural voice – the voice you were born to have before you developed the habits of constricting and contorting your voice in various ways through life’s ups and downs.

你的声音是独一无二的，当你发展自己的声音时，你需要保持使它成为你真实表达的品质。发现你的自然声音就是找到你内心意图的准确听觉表达，包括它的思想、感觉和独特的能量。如果您想获得自然、真实的声音，您的思想、情感和身体需要协调一致，而这种协调正是语音教练可以帮助您做到的。

Your voice is unique, and as you develop your voice, you need to maintain the qualities that make it a true expression of you. Discovering your natural voice is about finding the accurate audible expression of your inner intention, including its thinking, feeling and unique energy. If you want to achieve a natural, authentic voice, your mind, emotion and body need to all work in harmony, and this harmonisation is what a voice coach can help you to do.

面对挑战

Facing the challenge

与正确发音的简单演讲任务不同，语音训练是包罗万象的，有时是情绪化的工作。声音仍然存储在您的潜意识中，有时，说话会激起情绪化的——甚至是痛苦的——记忆。同时，恢复声音的自由度会以一种非常自由的积极方式改变你对自己的整体感觉。

Unlike the simple elocution task of just pronouncing your words properly, voice coaching is all-encompassing and, sometimes, emotional work. Voice sounds remain stored in your sub-conscious, and at times, speaking can stir up emotional – even painful – memories. At the same time, recovering freedom in your voice changes your whole feeling about yourself, in a positive way that is wonderfully liberating.

约翰是一位中年零售经理，他来找我进行语音训练，声音紧绷、扣人心弦，表达了他想要畅所欲言、表达能力强的愿望。在我们的治疗中，他第一次放松到足以发出更自由的声音时，突然变得泪流满面。他告诉我，说话更自由的经历虽然本身很愉快，但唤醒了他年轻时在家里的生活记忆。他记得每次他兴奋起来，不由自主地大声评论时，他的父亲都会告诉他，他乏味又愚蠢。所以他学会了不要带着喜悦或热情说话。意识到自己发声困难的根源是他进行发声训练的一个重要转折点，他继续发展出丰富而富有表现力的说话声音。“改变的不仅仅是我的声音；

John, a middle-aged retail manager, came to me for voice coaching with a constricted, buttoned-up voice and expressed his desire to speak freely and expressively. In our sessions, the very first time he relaxed enough to produce a freer voice, he suddenly became tearful. He told me that the experience of speaking more freely, though pleasurable in itself, had awakened a memory of life at home when he was young. He remembered that every time he got excited and burst out with a spontaneous loud comment, his father would tell him that he was tedious and stupid. So he learned not to speak with joy or enthusiasm. This realisation of the origin of his vocal difficulties was an important turning point for him in his voice coaching, and he went on to develop a rich and expressive speaking voice. ‘It’s not only my voice that’s changed; I’m a changed man in every way!’, he said to me with satisfaction.

处理你的声音的旅程是一个非常实用的旅程，它的主要成分（我在不同的章节中探讨）包括：

The journey of working on your voice is a highly practical one, and its main ingredients (which I explore in various chapters) include:

发现良好的呼吸控制，使您的声音富有表现力和弹性（第 4 章）

Discovering good breath control to make your voice expressive and resilient (Chapter 4)

释放会阻塞呼吸的紧张（第 5 章）

Releasing the tensions that can block the breath (Chapter 5)

让你的演讲清晰明了（第 6 章）

Making your speech clear and distinct (Chapter 6)

在大声说话和小声说话时投入精神能量（第 7 章）

Investing mental energy in speaking loudly as well as quietly (Chapter 7)

添加重点和强节奏（第 8 章）

Adding emphasis and strong cadence (Chapter 8)

发现演讲的音乐（第 8 章）

Discovering the music of speech (Chapter 8)

探索整个乐器的可能性（第 9 章）

Exploring the possibilities of your whole instrument (Chapter 9)

在演讲中表达你的感受和热情（第 9 章）

Expressing your feeling and passion in speaking (Chapter 9)

让你的内在自我通过你的声音说话（第 10 章）

Allowing your inner self to speak through your voice (Chapter 10)

通过本书的章节，您可以发现很多可以改善您的声音的方法，如果您在不紧张或强迫的情况下进行练习，您自己的声音就可以取得很大的进步。如果您决定联系语音教练，请参阅附录以获取提示和资源。

You can discover much to improve your voice through the chapters of this book, and if you practise without straining or forcing you can make excellent progress with your voice on your own. If you decide to contact a voice coach, see the Appendix for tips and resources.

用你自己的声音思考你想要发展的东西

Thinking About What You Want to Develop in Your Own Voice

在开始一系列的语音训练课程之前——甚至是本书的其余部分——想一想你想在你的声音中发展什么。

Before jumping into a series of voice coaching sessions – or even the rest of this book – think about what you want to develop in your voice.

你说话的所有时间和地点都在你的脑海中闪过。（是的，这项任务可能会产生很多清单！）想想你觉得自己缺少什么或需要什么额外东西的地方。您的回答对您来说可能是显而易见的，但通常并非如此。此时您不必想出任何精确的东西；有时您可能会略微感觉到您的声音在某种程度上让您失望。例如：

Run through in your head all the times and places where you speak. (Yes, this task may produce quite a list!) Think about where you feel you lack something or are in need of something extra. Your responses may be entirely obvious to you, but often they’re not. You don’t have to come up with anything precise at this point; you may just get a slight sense on occasions that your voice is letting you down in some way. For example:

您是否说了些什么，然后发现似乎没有人听到您的声音，或者您是否怀疑有时您说话时人们会停下来？

Do you say something and then find that no one seems to have heard you, or do you suspect that people switch off when you talk sometimes?

你是否觉得人们不喜欢你的口音或语气，即使他们没有达到取笑你或评论它的程度？

Do you get the feeling that people dislike your accent or tone, even when they don’t go to the extent of teasing you or commenting upon it?

您是否对生活的某个方面充满自信，但对另一个方面却缺乏信心？例如，您很乐意在工作中向同事解释一个系统，但在社交场合一对一交谈时却舌头打结？或相反亦然？

Do you feel confident speaking in one part of your life but lack confidence in another? For example, you’re happy to explain a system to a colleague at work but get tongue-tied talking one-to-one on a social occasion? Or vice versa?

有时您是否说了一些话却让人们误解了您的意思，从而让您感到被误解？

Do you sometimes say something only to have people take it the wrong way so you feel misunderstood?

你的声音是否时常让你感到身体不适，哪怕是轻微的？例如，您痰多或想清嗓子。

Does your voice let you down physically from time to time, even mildly? For example, you get too much phlegm or find you want to clear your throat.

你是否发现有时很难说出你的话？

Do you find it hard to get your words out sometimes?

记下你的想法。您对前面问题的回答为您提供了有关如何继续发展您的声音的线索。无论您遇到什么特殊问题，从一开始就掌握良好声音制作的基础知识会对您有所帮助。基础知识包括呼吸良好（第 4 章）、放松身体（第 5 章）和说话清晰（第 6 章）。

Jot down your thoughts. Your answers to the preceding questions give you clues as to how to proceed with developing your voice. Whatever your particular issues, working on the basics of good voice production helps you at the outset. The basics consist of breathing well (Chapter 4), freeing up your body (Chapter 5) and speaking clearly (Chapter 6).

在您考虑了基础知识之后，请考虑您希望您的声音更好地为您工作的特定场合。以下是我最常从客户那里听到的要求。

After you consider the basics, think about the particular occasions when you want your voice to work better for you. The following are requests I hear most often from clients.

让人们听你的

Getting people to listen to you

没有什么比没有人倾听更令人沮丧的了——尤其是当你有话要说的时候。有些人除了足够好听、足够清楚之外，就是吸引听众。尝试做他们做的事：

Nothing is as frustrating as not being listened to – particularly if you’ve something worth saying. Apart from being audible enough and clear enough, some people just attract listeners. Try doing what they do:

说话要慢到足以被听到和理解。你是不是急于把你的话说出来，所以他们互相翻滚？请查看第 7 章，了解保持更稳健步伐的技巧。

Speak slowly enough to be heard and understood. Are you rushing to get your words out so they tumble over each other? Have a look at Chapter 7 for techniques to sustain a more measured pace.

通过多样性和重点来增加兴趣。如果你含糊不清或说话单调，请转到第 8 章，我将在其中解释如何强调和影响你的演讲。如果您倾向于含糊不清，第 11 章会提供帮助。

Increase interest with variety and emphasis. If you mumble or speak in a monotone, go to Chapter 8 where I explain how to add emphasis and impact to your speech. Chapter 11 offers a helping hand if you tend to mumble.

用成人的声音说话。如果您的声音听起来相当高亢和年轻，请努力让您的声音在您的身体中产生共鸣。第 9 章向您展示如何操作。

Speak in an adult voice. If your voice sounds rather high and young, work on allowing your voice to resonate lower in your body. Chapter 9 shows you how.

坚定地进入对话。如果您发现别人在替您说话，请使用对比鲜明的语调来介绍您所说的内容。

Break into conversations firmly. If you find that people speak over you, use a contrasting tone of voice to introduce what you say.

相信你会被听到。这句话听起来像是第 22 条军规——如果您知道自己会被听到，您就会充满信心！有信心是关于你的意图和态度。在第 10 章中了解更多信息。

Have confidence that you’ll be heard. This sentence sounds like a Catch 22 – if you knew you’d be heard, you’d be confident! Having confidence is about your intention and attitude. Find out more about it in Chapter 10.

让别人听你说话的技巧在工作场所是至关重要的，对于在会议上发言、向董事会做报告、进行推销、投标和无数其他场合都是如此。如果这项技能与你相关，请查看第 14 章关于培养你的公共话语权和第 16 章关于培养专业话语权。

The skill of getting others to listen to you is vital in the workplace, for addressing a meeting, presenting to the board, making a sales pitch, bidding for a tender and countless other occasions. If this skill is relevant for you, check out Chapter 14 on developing your public voice and Chapter 16 on developing a professional voice.

用你的口音工作

Working with your accent

如果您不喜欢自己的口音，或者因为担心自己的口音而犹豫要不要开口，请振作起来——您不必完全改变自然的说话方式来获得想要的结果。

If you dislike your accent or hesitate to open your mouth because you worry about your accent, take heart – you don’t have to entirely change your natural way of speaking to get the results you want.

一开始，您的口音可能在您看来是影响您说话方式的最明显的负面因素，但事实通常并非如此。口音本身很少完全是罪魁祸首。相反，问题更多的时候只是你说话方式的某些方面，你可以毫不费力地改变。例如，如果用您的自然口音说话时，您的声音听起来高亢或细弱、沙哑或刺耳，您可以处理声音产生的这些方面，而不是“纠正”每个小词和短语的发音方式。

At the beginning, your accent may seem to you to be the most glaring negative factor in how you speak, but it usually turns out not to be. An accent itself is seldom entirely to blame; rather, the problem is more often just some aspect of the way that you speak that you can change without too much difficulty. For example, if when speaking in your natural accent your voice sounds high or thin, or throaty or harsh, you can deal with those aspects of your voice production, rather than ‘correcting’ how you pronounce every little word and phrase.

说出你的意思和意思你说的

Saying what you mean and meaning what you say

好吧，你当然打算说出你的意思！然而，有时人们会误会你。他们没有认真对待你，或者当你不生气时认为你生气了。或者，当您根本不在意时，他们会称您为高人一等。更有可能的是，他们从你的语气中听出了一些东西。

Well, of course you intend to say what you mean! Yet sometimes people get you wrong. They fail to take you seriously, or think that you’re angry when you’re not. Or they call you patronising when that is farthest from your mind. More than likely, they’re picking up something in your tone of voice.

发展自己的声音最有价值的方法之一是确保人们不仅理解你的话，而且理解你的话背后的意图。让你的言行一致，你就可以避免很多误会！

One of the most valuable ways you can develop your voice is to ensure that people understand not just your words but the intention behind your words. Get your words and intention to line up and you can avoid an awful lot of misunderstanding!

感到紧张或难为情会影响您的声音，您可能听起来吱吱作响，或者您可能会含糊不清并被您的话绊倒。当你太想取悦他人并付出太多努力时，你的声音也会“错误”。有些人在说话或扮演虚假角色时努力不表现出情绪，结果听起来像无人机或机器人。在第 11 章中，我会为您提供克服这些说话“小怪兽”的策略，并向您展示如何通过更加真实来发现您声音的真正力量。

Feeling nervous or self-conscious affects your voice, and you may sound squeaky, or you may mumble and trip over you words. Your voice also comes out ‘wrong’ when you’re too eager to please and put in too much effort. Some people make earnest efforts not to show emotion when they speak or play an artificial role, and as a result sound like drones or automatons. In Chapter 11, I give you strategies for overcoming some of these ‘gremlins’ of speaking and show you how to find the true power of your voice through being more authentic.

培养强健、健康的嗓音

Developing a robust, healthy voice

您的声音对您来说非常重要，您必须以促进其健康的方式发展它。这并不意味着您必须用脱脂棉包裹您的声音。你的声音相当强硬。婴儿不会失声——即使经过数小时的大声训练！

Your voice is so important to you, you must develop it in a way that promotes its well-being. That doesn’t mean you have to wrap your voice in cotton wool. Your voice is fairly tough. Babies don’t lose their voices – even after hours of loud vocal exercise!

歌手和演员会照顾他们的声音，如果您从事任何会说话的职业，您需要特别小心。如果您从事谈话行业，第 16 章会为您提供特定指标。如果您经常失声、喉咙痛、下巴疼痛或完全失声，那么您做错了什么，需要采取一些措施！第 19 章为您提供保护声音的技巧，附录列出了在您遇到严重问题时可以联系的专业人士和组织。

Singers and actors look after their voice, and if you’re in any sort of talking profession you need to take special care. Chapter 16 gives particular indicators for you if you work in a talking profession. If, on a regular basis, your voice breaks, your throat hurts, your jaw aches or you lose your voice entirely, you’re doing something wrong and need to do something about it! Chapter 19 offers you tips for looking after your voice and the Appendix has lists of professionals and organisations to contact if you have serious problems.

变得流利

Becoming fluent

大多数人都渴望能够在任何场合都能流利、轻松地说话。如果你觉得自己不流利，原因可能是身体上的或精神上的——或两者兼而有之。

Most people aspire to be able to speak fluently and easily whenever the occasion arises. If you feel that you aren’t fluent, the reasons can be physical or mental – or both.

在身体上，缺乏流畅性通常与呼吸不畅有关。呼吸急促会导致您急促、喃喃自语、尾巴、犹豫、口吃，甚至听起来很困惑。良好的呼吸有很大的不同。简单地放慢速度，跟着你的呼吸走（见第 4 章）。

Physically, lack of fluency is often connected with poor breathing. Shortness of breath can cause you to rush and mumble, tail off, hesitate, stutter and even sound confused. Good breathing makes a huge difference. Simply slow down and follow through with your breath (see Chapter 4).

流利程度是受精神状态影响的首要因素之一。一旦你觉得自己要说错或想不出要说什么，你就会发现自己根本无法开始说什么！如果这种情况听起来很熟悉，我的第一个建议仍然是“呼吸！”，但其他补救措施也值得考虑。放慢脚步，慢慢来。有了更多的空间，你的头脑就能够自我安排。其次，说话时要多加强调。强调使您能够专注于重要的单词并记住您在句子中的位置。如果你在第 11 章中舌头打结了，我会给你一些建议。

Fluency is one of the first things affected by your mental state. As soon as you feel you’re going to make a mistake or can’t think what you’re going to say, you find that you can’t start to say anything at all! If this situation sounds familiar, my first suggestion is still, ‘breathe!’, but other remedies are worth considering. Slow down and take your time. With a bit more space, your mind is able to order itself. Secondly, use plenty of emphasis as you speak. Emphasis enables you to focus on the important words and remember where you’re heading in a sentence. I give you a few ideas about what to do if you get tongue-tied in Chapter 11.

如果您称自己为口吃者，流利程度似乎遥不可及。帮助就在第 13 章中！我借鉴了一些关于口吃的最新研究，为您提供获得流利度的成功策略。

If you call yourself a stutterer, fluency may seem out of reach. Help is at hand in Chapter 13! I draw on some of the latest research into stuttering to give you successful strategies for attaining fluency.

识别好声音

Identifying Good Voices

发展你的声音涉及技巧，但仅靠技巧并不能使声音具有影响力和魔力。

Developing your voice involves technique, but technique alone doesn’t give a voice its impact and magic.

好声音由什么组成？我在第 20 章中举了 10 个伟大声音的例子，它们都具有超越技巧的特殊品质。在我看来，伟大的声音充满活力，充满活力，听起来很真实。它与听众建立联系，并在演讲者和听众之间建立联系。这种声音背后有一种目的感。所有这些品质都有助于打造出色的嗓音，我将在以下部分中逐一探讨这些品质。

What does a great voice consist of? I give you ten examples of great voices in Chapter 20, and they all have special qualities that go well beyond technique. In my view, a great voice is vibrant and alive and sounds genuine. It connects with an audience and creates a bond between speaker and listener. This kind of voice has a sense of purpose behind it. All these qualities contribute to a great voice and I explore each of them in the following sections.

活着的声音

The alive voice

优秀的嗓音颤动着千变万化的活着的感觉。声音可以是有力的、响亮的，甚至是令人印象深刻的，而不是伟大的。一个伟大的声音通过不断变化的表达的细微差别来传达——这里轻微强调，那里轻声调，这里坚定确定，那里暗示犹豫——并以这种方式表达了一系列的感受和思想。生动的声音依次说服、鼓舞、安慰、惊奇、安抚和影响。

An excellent voice vibrates with an ever-changing sense of being alive. A voice can be strong, loud and even impressive without being great. A great voice communicates through constantly varying nuances of expression – a slight emphasis here, a light tone there, firm certainty here, a suggestion of hesitation there – and in this way expresses a whole range of feelings and thoughts. The alive voice convinces, inspires, comforts, amazes, reassures and influences in turn.

生动的声音的效果是听众觉得他们在听一个人，而不是一个声音。

The effect of a voice that’s alive is that listeners feel they’re listening to a person, not a voice.

在一次高压事件中，阿曼达不得不报告她参与的一项新研究项目。她严格按照准备好的演讲稿和幻灯片，用一种沉闷正式的语气说话，实际上是朗读了幻灯片上的大部分文字。突然，投影仪坏了。经过一分钟左右的困惑（和内心的恐慌），阿曼达在绝望中想出了一个主意。她用完全不同的非正式语气说道。“好吧，这是程序的正式部分，现在我想告诉你更多关于我在我们新研究领域的经历。” 然后，她以对话的语气讲述了她的项目，吸引了她的听众。这个话题对她来说真的很有趣，她的声音表达了这一点。她的听众发现演讲——和她——都很迷人。

At a high pressure event, Amanda had to report on a new research project in which she’d been involved. She stuck closely to her prepared speech with its accompanying slides, speaking in a dull formal voice, actually reading much of the text off her slides. Suddenly, the projector broke down. After a minute or so of confusion (and inner panic), Amanda, in her desperation, had an idea. She said in quite a different informal voice. ‘Well, that’s the formal part of the proceedings, and now I’d like to tell you a bit more about my own experience in our new area of research.’ She then talked about her project in a conversational tone that drew her audience in. The topic was genuinely interesting for her, and her voice expressed it. Her audience found the presentation – and her – fascinating. Amanda had discovered something she’d never forget – if you want to connect with your audience, nothing compares with bringing your live humanity to the party.

真实的声音

The authentic voice

当你聆听过去伟大的声音时，真实的品质总是闪耀着光芒。一个伟大的声音永远不会伪造它。听听纳尔逊·曼德拉 (Nelson Mandela) 在 1962 年的审判中，或小说家托尼·莫里森 (Toni Morrison) 在 1993 年的诺贝尔演讲。

When you listen to great voices of the past, the quality of authenticity is one that always shines out. A great voice never fakes it. Listen to Nelson Mandela at his trial in 1962, or the novelist Toni Morrison’s Nobel lecture in 1993.

每次你假装成你不是的人时，你的声音都会呈现出一种在某种程度上听起来不真实的品质。如果你是开放的、自在的和自由的，你的声音会反映出这一点。然后，当你有什么意思时，你的声音就会表达出来。

Every time you pretend to be something you’re not, your voice takes on a quality that at some level sounds inauthentic. If you’re open, at ease and free, your voice reflects that. Then when you mean something, the sound of your voice expresses it.

真实性是身体和精神上的事情。你的身体需要足够放松，声音才能自由共鸣，但你的思想也需要足够大胆，让你做你自己。真实会让你感到脆弱，但效果是让你听起来更有力量。在第 17 章中，您会找到一些有用的技巧，可以帮助您变得更加真实。

Authenticity is a physical and mental thing. Your body needs to be relaxed enough for sound to resonate freely, but your mind also needs to be bold enough to allow you to be yourself. Being authentic can make you feel vulnerable, but the effect is for you to sound more powerful. In Chapter 17, you find useful tips for becoming more authentic as a speaker.

连接的声音

The connecting voice

用你的声音交流就是建立联系。您可能认为进行出色的演讲就是要有说服力地讲话并给人们留下深刻印象，这很好。但是，如果你聆听过去和现在最伟大的演讲者的演讲，你会发现他们拥有额外的技能，能够调谐到听众并建立联系。

Communicating with your voice is all about making a connection. You may think that giving a great presentation is about speaking powerfully and impressing people, and that’s fine and good. But if you listen to the greatest speakers of past and present, you find that they have the additional skill of being able to tune in to an audience and create a link.

要与他人建立联系，您需要更多的条件：

To connect with others, you need more strings to your bow:

在观众所在的地方与他们会面。了解他们的文化，感受他们的心情，并通过语言、声音和能量在他们的空间与他们会面。可以灵活地改变你的方法来吸引你的观众。

Meet your audience where they’re at. Get a sense of their culture, sense their mood and through language, voice and energy meet them in their space. Have the flexibility to change your approach to appeal to your audience.

不要躲在正式的语言和风格后面。相反，使用当前的口语并直接与人交谈。

Don’t hide behind formal language and style. Instead, use current colloquial language and speak directly to people.

亲自与您的听众交谈。与他们交谈，就好像您是在与听众中的每个人一对一交谈一样。讲述个人故事和轶事，让听众瞥见你是谁。

Speak to your audience personally. Talk to them as if you’re speaking one-to-one with each person in your audience. Tell personal stories and anecdotes that give the audience glimpses of who you are.

是真实的东西。让你的声音诚实、开放和真实。

Be the real thing. Let your voice be honest, open and true.

在第 15 章中，我解释了如何调准您的听众并建立牢固的联系。

In Chapter 15, I explain how to tune in to your listeners and create strong connections.

建立联系是成功的个人对话和亲密关系的关键，而您的声音起着重要作用。当您可以用声音表达同理心、关怀和爱意时，与他人的联系就会变得自然而轻松。

Making connection is the key to successful personal conversations and intimate relationships, and your voice plays a big part. When you can express empathy, caring and love in your voice, connecting with others becomes natural and easy.

有话要说的声音

The voice that has something to say

毫无意义的声音没有多大价值。伟大的声音具有使命感和沟通的意义。听 Ben Zander 谈论音乐和激情，或者 Shukla Bose 谈论贫民窟儿童的学校。作为演讲者，即使是在一对一的对话中，您也可以在演讲中给对方一个礼物。当您的声音优美时，它传达了您想要分享的完整信息，您的听众也会收到您所提供的信息。

A voice empty of meaning isn’t worth much. A great voice has a sense of purpose and something to communicate. Listen to Ben Zander talking about music and passion, or Shukla Bose talking about schools for slum children. As a speaker, even in a one-to-one conversation, you have a gift to give the other person in your speech. When your voice works beautifully, it conveys the full message you want to share, and your listeners receive what you have to offer.

说话时要考虑你的意图。要揭示您的意图，请问自己：

Think in terms of your intention when you speak. To uncover your intention, ask yourself:

我想要什么——为了我和另一个人？

What do I want – for me and the other person?

我想说什么？

What am I trying to say?

我想传达的信息有什么重要的？

What’s important about what I want to communicate?

我在这次谈话中的礼物是什么？

What is my gift in this conversation?

出发

Starting Out

当您着手发展您的声音时，您并不是从头开始。在拿起这本书之前，您可能已经进行了大量的口语练习——一辈子！

You aren’t starting from scratch when you set out to develop your voice. You’ve probably had a lot of speaking practice before you ever pick up this book – a lifetime!

所以，在你走得更远之前，盘点一下你的位置，并了解你自己的声音听起来像什么。您可以在第 3 章中找到更多关于此主题的信息。然后您可以查看需要更改哪些内容才能让您听起来像您想要的那样。记住你希望如何说话。我在侧边栏“收集声音”中推荐了一种了解您喜欢什么并磨练您的听力的好方法。

So, before you go any further, take stock of where you are, and get to know what your own voice sounds like. You find much more about this topic in Chapter 3. Then you can look at what needs to change for you to sound the way you want. Keep in mind how you would like to be able to speak. I suggest one excellent way for getting to know what you like and honing your listening in the sidebar ‘Collecting voices’.

好吧，这是真的：你会不时遇到奇怪的问题，那些恐惧和焦虑的老鬼，或者无助或绝望的感觉。第四部分解决语音问题——那些阻碍您充分发挥潜力的个人障碍。我在这部分包含了口音，因为它们通常表现为小精灵。可能最具挑战性的问题是口吃，您可以在第 13 章中找到一些令人兴奋的最新资源来提高流利程度。

All right, it’s true: you’ll meet the odd hiccup from time to time, those old gremlins of fear and anxiety, or feelings of helplessness or hopelessness. Part IV tackles voice gremlins – those personal blocks that get in the way of speaking to your full potential. I include accents in this part as they often present themselves as gremlins. Probably the most challenging of the gremlins is stuttering, and you find some of the exciting latest resources for gaining fluency in Chapter 13.

如果有时发展你的声音的任务看起来令人生畏，相信你会到达你想到达的地方。而且你会。

If at times the task of developing your voice seems daunting, trust that you will get to that place you want to get to. And you will.

选择你的方法

Choosing your method

语音工作是身体和思想的活动。事实上，如果您在练习声音时身体力行，效果最好。虽然你的声带、你的嘴巴和舌头，甚至你的思维似乎都发生在你的肩膀之上，但你声音的力量来自你下面的主体——来自强健的呼吸系统、强壮的姿势，以及你身体中感受到的能提供力量的能量听你说话的声音（见第 4 章和第 5 章）。

Voice work is an activity of the body as well as the mind. In fact, it works best if you get quite physical when you’re practising sounds. Although your vocal folds, your mouth and tongue and even your thinking all appear to happen above your shoulders, your voice’s power comes from your main body below – from a robust breathing system, strong stance, and the energy felt in your body that gives power to the sound of your words (see Chapters 4 and 5).

无论是与教练合作还是尝试本书中的各种活动，您都可以在不同的时间点开始您的发声工作：

Whether working with a coach or trying the various activities in this book, you can start your voice work at various points:

深入研究呼吸、放松和发音的具体细节。

Delving into the nuts and bolts of breathing, relaxation and articulation.

创造灵活性以产生自由和富有表现力的声音。

Creating the flexibility to produce a free and expressive voice.

建立说话和交流的意图强度，这会赋予您声音能量。

Building the strength of your intention to speak and communicate, which gives your sound energy.

你也可以从单纯享受语言的角度开始你的发声之旅。聆听语言的音乐和韵律，让语言生动起来。尝试不同的节奏和强调；大声、轻声、缓慢和快速地说话，只是为了享受它。

You can also start your vocal journey, from the point of simply enjoying language. Listen out for the music and rhythm of language that brings speech alive. Try out different rhythms and emphasis; speak loudly, softly, slow and fast just for the joy of it.

在声音中寻找自我

Finding yourself in your voice

第 20 章中的伟大声音的例子包括演员、政治家、广播员和活动家，男人和女人——每个人听起来都是独一无二的。在发展你的声音时，你必须找到你的声音，最能表达你的声音。我在第 10 章解释了如何找到你独特的声音。

The examples of great voices in Chapter 20 include actors, politicians, broadcasters and activists, men and women – and each one sounds unique. In developing your voice, you must find your voice, the voice that best expresses you. I explain how to find your unique voice in Chapter 10.

充分发挥您的潜力不仅仅是让人们倾听您的意见。当您找到真实的声音时，您也会找到自己的身份。您在各个方面都获得了自信，并且更加确定地知道自己是谁。找到你的声音是一次伟大的冒险，我希望你喜欢它！

Speaking to your full potential is more than just getting people to listen to you. When you find your authentic voice, you’re also finding your identity. You gain in confidence in every way, and know more surely who you are. Finding your voice is a great adventure, and I hope you enjoy it!

第2章

Chapter 2

探索令人惊叹的人声

Exploring the Amazing Human Voice

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

体验全方位的人声

Experiencing the full range of vocal sounds

聆听改变世界的声音

Hearing voices that changed the world

消除声音神话

Dispelling voice myths

理解你所听到的

Making meaning of what you hear

人声很有力量。纵观历史，声音感动了人们，影响了舆论。尽管单词很重要，但它们不是必不可少的。声音的力量在于声音。我敢肯定，甚至在语言出现之前，当史前人类大喊“啊啊啊！”时 在山顶上，他在山下的部落可以从声音中分辨出它的意思是“我吃晚饭了”还是“我被剑齿虎袭击了！” – 并通过煽风点火或赶往救援作出回应。

T he human voice is powerful. Throughout history, voices have moved people and swayed opinions. Although words are important, they aren’t essential. The voice’s power is in the sound. I’m sure that even before language, when prehistoric man shouted ‘Aaahhh!’ from a mountaintop, his tribe down below could tell from the sound whether it meant, ‘I’ve caught supper’ or ‘I’ve been attacked by a sabre-toothed tiger!’ – and responded by stoking the fire or rushing to the rescue.

在印刷文字出现之前，仅声音通过口头故事承载着一个群体的历史。每讲一个故事都是一个新的故事；不同的语气和变化在创造故事的影响力方面发挥了重要作用。人们聚精会神地听着，被字音所感动。文字就是声音。即使在印刷文字问世之后，精彩的演讲仍能引起公众的想象。

Before the printed word, the voice alone carried a group’s history via spoken stories. Each telling of a story was a new telling; the different tones and variations played major parts in creating the story’s impact. People listened intently and were moved by the sound of words. Words were sounds. Even after the introduction of the printed word, the great speeches were what caught the public imagination.

在接下来的部分中，我将快速浏览强大声音的高潮和低谷（有时是字面上的）。在此过程中，我打破了一些关于声音的无用假设，包括你自己的声音，并带你走上发展你独特、有力的声音的道路。

In the following sections, I take a quick tour of the highs and lows (sometimes literally) of powerful voices. Along the way, I break through some unhelpful assumptions about voices, including your own, and set you on the path to developing your unique, powerful voice.

发现声音的力量

Discovering the Power of Voices

谈话是当今世界的货币。今天人们谈论的比以往任何时候都多。考虑一下。您在手机和 Skype 上聊天；您联系帮助热线和呼叫中心；您可以访问 YouTube、DVD、电影和电视；您可以收听 24 小时新闻、脱口秀、讨论组和关于太阳下各个主题的采访。

Talk is the currency in today’s world. People are talking more today than ever before. Just think about it. You chat on mobiles and Skype; you contact help-lines and call centres; you have access to YouTube, DVDs, film and TV; you listen to 24-hour news, chat shows, discussion groups and interviews on every subject under the sun.

即使随着电子邮件和其他形式的电子消息的兴起，业务仍然是通过语音进行的。经理们花在会议上的时间比以往任何时候都多。他们通过视频会议和网络研讨会与全球各地的同事交流。在接近潜在客户、推出产品和投标时，演讲是必不可少的。

Even with the rise of email and other forms of electronic messaging, business is conducted vocally. Managers spend more time in meetings than ever before. They talk to colleagues across the globe through video conferencing and webinars. Speaking is essential when approaching potential customers, launching products and making bids.

今天的政治是关于个性和声音片段。你在收音机和电视上聆听政治家的行动。你希望这些领导者在采访、辩论和讲台上成为口齿伶俐的冠军。人们说问题是最重要的，但大多数人根据他们的外表和声音来选择领导者。令人难忘的短语和媒体笑话都被无休止地引用和重复。领导人的电视讲话比他或她所在政党的改革计划更具影响力。

Politics today is about personality and sound bites. You listen to politicians in action on radio and TV. You expect these leaders to be articulate champions in interviews, debates and on the podium. People say that the issues are paramount, but most choose leaders based on how they look and sound. Memorable phrases and media gaffs alike are taken up and repeated endlessly. A leader’s televised speeches hold more sway than his or her party’s programme of reforms.

花几分钟时间在 YouTube 上收听政客的剪辑——过去的领导人、现任候选人、著名的政治人物，无论您喜欢什么。但是，不要在播放每个剪辑时查看图像或注意消息。盖上你的电脑显示器，把你的椅子转开或闭上你的眼睛，听听声音。每个声音给你什么印象。您喜欢每种声音中的什么？你不喜欢什么？

Spend a few minutes listening to YouTube clips of politicians – past leaders, current candidates, famous political creatures, whatever you fancy. However, don’t look at the images or pay attention to the messages as each clip plays. Cover your computer monitor, turn away your chair or close your eyes and listen to the voices. What impression does each voice give you. What is it that you like in each voice? What do you dislike?

强大的声音不需要强大的声音。一个简单而真实的声音可以是强大的，并在私人时刻产生很大的影响。你可能还记得有人对你说“我爱你”时的语气。

A powerful voice doesn’t require a mighty sound. A simple authentic voice can be powerful, and have a great impact in private moments. You probably remember the exact tone of voice in which someone said to you, ‘I love you’.

声音有可能深深打动人们。这不是文字本身；他们有时可能很普通。也不是音量；那可能很软。这是强度和情感的真相。令人惊叹的声音不仅需要从外部努力；它也发生在内部。

Voices have the potential to move people deeply. It’s not the words themselves; they can sometimes be ordinary. It’s not the volume either; that can be quite soft. It’s the intensity and emotional truth. An amazing voice isn’t only something that has to be worked at from the outside; it happens from the inside too.

听到构成您声音的所有声音

Hearing All the Sounds that Make Up Your Voice

21 世纪的世界很嘈杂，说话的方式多种多样。您的声音在几个主要方面与其他人的声音不同，并且有几个值得注意的原因：

The 21st century world is noisy, with many different ways to speak. Your voice differs from others’ voices in several major ways and for several noteworthy reasons:

您的语言，尤其是您的第一语言，会影响您的说话方式。世界上有 6,700 多种不同的语言，每种语言的发音方式都略有不同。将芬兰语深沉的声音与某些日语使用者的“夜莺”声音进行比较；德语的强烈强调与意大利语的歌唱节奏。聆听越南语的细微差别和一些中东语言的喉音。

Your language, especially your first language, influences how you speak. More than 6,700 distinct languages are spoken in the world, and each one uses the voice in subtly different ways. Compare the deep sounds of Finnish with the ‘nightingale’ voices of some Japanese speakers; the strong emphasis of German with the singing rhythms of Italian. Hear the subtly differing pitches of Vietnamese and the guttural sounds of some middle-eastern languages.

今天，您的声音中可能至少保留了童年口音的影子。英语是 50 多个国家约 3.41 亿人的官方语言。然而，它的口音从英国机构的指挥音调到悉尼的质疑节奏不等；从纽约人自信的快速谈话到印度加勒比人的歌唱节奏。即使在当今相互关联的世界中，口音也比比皆是。在伦敦 100 英里以内行驶，您会遇到明显不同的伦敦伦敦腔口音、萨里标准发音以及慢速的汉普郡和多塞特乡村口音，带有淡淡的美国拖腔。在相对较小的地理区域内，整个美国南部的口音同样丰富多样。第 12 章深入探讨口音。

You probably retain at least a shadow of your childhood accent in your voice today. English is the official language of about 341 million people in more than 50 countries. However, its accents range from the commanding tones of the UK establishment to the questioning cadences of Sydney; from the confident fast talk of New Yorkers to the sing-song rhythms of Indo-Caribbean people. Even within today’s interconnected world, accents abound. Travel within 100 miles of London, and you come across the notably different accents of London Cockney, Surrey Received Pronunciation and slower rural Hampshire and Dorset with its faintly American drawl. Accents throughout the southern US are similarly rich and varied within a relatively small geographic area. Chapter 12 digs deeper into accents.

口音指的是世界不同地区明显不同的单词发音、不同的节奏和音高的起伏。当人们提到方言时，他们包括口音，但超越口音以包含不同的语法用法甚至词汇。许多方言词的描述性如此出色，以至于它们已经被普遍使用。但其他人仍然无法理解：“Haud yer wheesht！” 例如，来自苏格兰的人说——“安静！”

Accent refers to the distinct different pronunciations of words, the varied rhythms and ups and downs of pitch in different parts of the world. When people refer to dialect, they include accent but go beyond it to incorporate different grammatical usage and even vocabulary. Many dialect words are so wonderfully descriptive, they’ve slipped into general usage. But others remain impossible to understand: ‘Haud yer wheesht!’ says someone from Scotland for example – ‘Be quiet!’

听一个一直住在乡下的人，然后再听一个住在城市的人。例如，将《欲望都市》中的声音与《爱默代尔》中的声音进行比较。你听到了什么不同之处？乡村居民往往有更慢、更悦耳的声音，而城市居民通常说话更尖锐、更快。事实上，城市人与大西洋彼岸的国际化人士在声音上的共同点可能比与更近的乡村邻居更多！

Listen to someone who has always lived in the country and then to someone who lives in a city. For example, compare the voices in Sex and the City with those in Emmerdale. What differences do you hear? Country dwellers tend to have slower, more musical voices while city dwellers often speak more sharply and quickly. In fact, city people probably have more in common vocally with cosmopolitan speakers across the Atlantic than with their nearer country neighbours!

您的职业和以前的工作很可能会影响您的语速、音调、发音、语调和其他声音品质。想一想大律师流畅的流程、鱼市拍卖师的快速拍打、某些基督教牧师虔诚的吟唱、年轻学生的快速喋喋不休和销售主持人的流畅演讲。

Your profession and previous jobs most likely affect your speed, pitch, enunciation, tone and other vocal qualities. Think of the smooth flow of the barrister, the fast patter of the fish market auctioneer, the prayerful intoning of certain Christian priests, the rapid chatter of young students and the smooth spiel of the sales presenter.

你的声音随着年龄的增长而改变。听听操场上孩子们不羁的高声叫喊，听不善言辞的少年平淡的语气，听青年人尖锐的俏皮话，听听中年官员洪亮的语气，听听老年弱弱的低语和“笛声”。

Your voice changes with age. Listen to the uninhibited high calls of children in the playground, the flat tones of uncommunicative teenagers, the sharp quips of young adults, the stentorian tones of middle-aged officials, the frail murmurs and ‘pipes and whistles’ of old age.

您的健康会影响您的声音。如果你缺乏能量，你的声音听起来就不那么有力了。如果您的呼吸受到疾病的影响，人们通常可以从您的声音中听到。如果您身体健康，您的声音听起来就充满活力。

Your health affects the way you sound. If you lack energy, your voice sounds less robust. If your breathing is affected by illness, people can often hear it in your voice. If you’re bouncing with health, your voice sounds vibrant.

您如何进行语音开发取决于您的起点和您想要实现的目标（有关目标的更多信息，请参见第 1 章）。研究你的声音是一个令人兴奋的项目，它可以让你更多地发现你是如何发出声音的，更多地了解你到底是谁。无论您的目标是什么，旅程都始于对人们的声音感到好奇——当然，还有您自己的声音。

How you approach voice development depends on your starting point and what you want to achieve (see Chapter 1 for more on goals). Working on your voice is an exciting project, one that can lead you to discover more about how you make sounds and more about who you really are. Whatever your goals, the journey starts with getting curious about people’s voices – and, of course, your own.

下次打电话时，聆听两个不同朋友的声音。少注意他们说什么——多注意他们说话的方式。您可以从他们的声音中获取哪些信息？你能在多大程度上听到他们来自哪里？如果你还不认识他们，你能从他们的声音中猜出他们以什么为生吗？他们听起来像他们的年龄 - 或者你会猜他们更年轻还是更年长？

Listen to the voices of two different friends the next time you’re on the phone. Pay less attention to what they say – and more attention to how they say things. What information can you pick up from just their voices? To what extent can you hear where they come from? If you didn’t know them already, would you be able to guess from their voices what they do for their living? Do they sound their age – or would you guess they were younger or older?

消除声音神话

Dispelling Voice Myths

声音的质量很重要，在当今世界被广泛讨论。然而奇怪的是，在日常生活中，大多数人表现得好像他们对自己的声音无能为力。声音不会改变——或者可以吗？在深入探讨说话的实际细节之前，我需要澄清一些关于声音的常见误解。

The qualities of voices are important and much discussed in the current world. Yet oddly in everyday life, most people act as if they can’t do much about their own voice. Voices don’t change – or can they? Before I get down to the practical nuts and bolts of speaking, I need to clear up some all-too-common misconceptions about voices.

误区 1：你被自己的声音困住了

Myth 1: You’re stuck with your voice

大多数人仍然认为他们目前拥有的声音是与生俱来的声音，他们对此无能为力。也许你也这么认为。

Most people still think that the voice they have currently is the voice they were born with and that they can’t do much about it. Perhaps you think this too.

无论您是讨厌自己的声音、喜欢它还是以某种方式与它作斗争，许多人都认为他们无法以不同的方式使用自己的声音——或者这样做非常困难。此外，您可能也会觉得您的声音在某种程度上就是您，而改变您的声音有点激进，就像失去您的身份一样。

Whether you hate your voice, love it or struggle with it in some way, many people believe that they can’t use their voices differently – or that doing so is incredibly difficult. Furthermore, you may feel too that your voice is in some way you, and that changing your voice is a bit radical, like losing your identity.

领导者和名人长期以来一直在努力提高他们的声音，而语音教练在广泛的范围内越来越受欢迎。

Leaders and celebrities have long worked on their voices, and voice coaching is gaining in popularity over a wide spectrum.

在领导英国保守党初期，玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 在议会中的声音尖锐刺耳。她的顾问们热切希望她做出改变。她在声乐教练的指导下努力学习，最终学会了深沉的呼吸声，这是她在电视采访中的特点。然而，她有时因此在媒体上受到嘲笑，普遍的看法是新声音是人造的或以某种方式粘贴的。然而，她低沉的音调增加了她的庄重感，并确实增加了公众的尊重。在 YouTube 上收听“唐宁街岁月”的剪辑，从 1971 年的第 1 集开始，然后快速翻到第 4 集。多么不同！

In the early days of her leadership of the UK’s Conservative party, Margaret Thatcher’s voice in Parliament was piercing and shrill. Her advisers were keen for her to change it. She worked hard at her delivery with a voice coach and eventually acquired the deep breathy tones that characterised her television interviews. However, she was sometimes ridiculed in the media for it and the general opinion was that the new voice was artificial or pasted on somehow. However, her deeper tones gave her increased gravitas, and did increase the respect of the general public. Listen to the ‘Downing Street Years’ clips on YouTube, starting with the beginning of episode 1 from 1971, and then flipping quickly to episode 4. What a difference!

如今，越来越多的人在发声，有时表现得非常明显，有时表现得更微妙。他们正在改变地方口音、阶级口音、音调和语气，并欣赏他们因此得到的不同反应。

Today more and more people are developing their voices, sometimes significantly, sometimes more subtly. They’re changing regional accents, class accents, pitch and tone and appreciating the different response they get as a consequence.

你可以改变你的声音——当你改变你的声音时，你会从其他人那里得到更好的反应，并对自己有更积极的感觉。

You can change your voice – and when you change your voice, you get a better reaction from other people and a more positive feeling about yourself.

误区二：你的声音不受你的控制

Myth 2: Your voice is out of your control

这个神话与前一个有关。如果您相信您的声音是与生俱来的，那么您可能还会相信，当出现问题时，您的声音是无法控制的。你意识到你的声音是多么重要——也知道当你失去它时生活会变得多么艰难——但无论你采取什么行动，你的声音都会做它该做的事。

This myth links to the preceding one. If you believe that your voice is something you’re born with, you may also believe that your voice is out of your hands when things go wrong. You realise how important your voice is – and know how difficult life becomes when you lose it – but your voice does what it does regardless of your actions.

您声音的变化，包括负面变化，很可能是由于人为因素造成的：

Changes in your voice, including negative changes, are most likely due to human factors:

如果你在拥挤的酒吧里唱卡拉 OK，然后没戴围巾在寒冷的火车站站上几个小时，你可能会失声！

If you sing karaoke in a crowded pub and then stand on a freezing train station for hours without a scarf, you may lose your voice!

如果你的声音不好，你会对你的声带施加压力，并最终可能永久性地损坏它们。

If you produce your voice badly, you put a strain on your vocal cords and may eventually damage them permanently.

如果你从不休息你的声音，它就永远没有机会恢复并且更容易受到伤害。

If you never rest your voice, it never gets a chance to recover and becomes more prone to damage.

您的饮食也可能影响您的声音。当然，过度吸烟和饮酒并不能改善它的音调！

Your diet may also affect your voice. Certainly, smoking and drinking to excess don’t improve its tone!

第 19 章有更多关于保护声音的想法。

Chapter 19 has more ideas about looking after your voice.

你可以对你的声音做很多事情。你可以锻炼你的声音，就像你可以锻炼你的肌肉或锻炼你的舞蹈动作一样。整个过程是关于感兴趣，掌握技能并练习它们。你原来的口语是学过的，所以你现在绝对可以学习如何以不同的方式说话——而且更好！

You can do plenty about your voice. You can develop your voice just as you can build up your muscles or develop your dance moves. The entire process is about being interested, picking up the skills and practising them. Your original speaking was learned, so you can definitely learn how to talk differently – and better – now!

误区三：言语比声音更重要

Myth 3: Words matter more than voice

许多人仍然认为只有词语才重要，而你怎么说是次要的。在当今动态无处不在的音频和视频世界中，您会遇到大量的印刷通信——包括电子邮件、短信、互联网、报纸、杂志、书籍和文章——这鼓励人们认为通信只是文字。

Many people continue to believe that only the words matter, and that how you say them is of secondary importance. In today’s world of dynamic omnipresent audio and video, you encounter an enormous amount of communication in print – including emails, text messages, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, books and articles – which encourages people to think that communication is only about words.

当你准备演讲时——即使只是在会议或晚宴上的简短介绍——你的第一直觉通常是在纸上写下你打算说的词（或词的大纲），然后作为第二阶段，弄清楚你要怎么说。在当今高度照本宣科、公共关系驱动的环境中，印刷的演讲稿才是关键。新闻界经常在任何人实际传递之前收到政治演讲或公司公告的打印件，这使得新闻界能够奇怪地报道“总理将在今天宣布……”。. . ’但是与鼓舞人心的演讲者的影响相比，印刷文字的影响是微不足道的。如何你说出的那些话会产生重大影响——甚至可以在不改变一个词的情况下改变重点和意义。

When you prepare a speech – even just a short introduction at a meeting or dinner party – your first instinct is usually to write down on paper the words (or an outline of the words) you intend to say, and then as a second phase, work out how you’re going to say them. Within today’s heavily scripted, public-relations driven environment, the printed speech is the thing. The press often receives printouts of political speeches or corporate announcements before anyone actually delivers them, which enables the press to report bizarrely that ‘the Prime Minister will announce today that . . . ’ But the influence of the printed word is nothing compared with the influence of an inspirational speaker. How you deliver those words makes all the difference – and can even change emphasis and meaning without altering a word.

雷 (Ray) 是一家国际保险公司的高管，他付出了巨大的努力来为即将举行的会议演讲准备恰到好处的措辞。当他来找我指导时，他已经磨练了他的言论，并且非常有信心他的演讲是鼓舞人心的，他的信息是乐观的。然后他把演讲稿读给我听。真让人失望！他平淡的语气太无聊了，我完全没法把注意力集中在他说的话上。鼓舞人心的话语变成了乏味的表达；一条乐观的信息对听众来说变成了一种令人沮丧的经历。我在听他讲话时的反应向他表明，交流不仅仅是你选择的词语。雷与我一起寻找他的信息中真正重要的东西，并将他的能量和热情传达给他的听众。

Ray is an executive working for an international insurance company who had put immense effort into getting the words just right for an upcoming conference speech. By the time he came to me for coaching, he’d honed the text of his remarks and was pretty confident that his presentation was inspiring and his message upbeat. Then he read the speech to me. What a let down! His flat tone was so boring that I failed utterly to keep my mind on what he was saying. Inspiring words turned into lacklustre delivery; an upbeat message became a depressing experience for listeners. My reaction while listening to him showed him that communication is more than the words you choose. Ray worked with me on finding what really mattered about his message, and communicating his energy and passion to his audience. His delivery was transformed and on the important day his presentation provoked an enthusiastic response.

如果您以悲观的方式传达乐观的信息，给人的印象就是悲观的。交付总是胜过言语。请参阅第 9 章了解更多唤醒声音中的热情的方法。

If you convey an upbeat message in a downbeat way, the impression is downbeat. Delivery always wins out over words. See Chapter 9 for more ways to awaken the enthusiasm in your voice.

如果您看过带有注释的书面演讲，您就会知道很多人都是根据书面文字来思考的。演讲者通常包括视觉提示，以特定方式“表达”他们的书面文字。他们添加感叹号，以粗体、斜体、不同大小和颜色书写，甚至在页边空白处添加说明和性能标记。一些提醒显然是有帮助的，但太多了就好像演讲以书面文字开始，必须将表达放在首位。当然，提词器指令“在这里暂停并微笑”更可能在一时冲动时产生尴尬的鬼脸，而不是真正温暖的微笑！您可以在第 14 章中找到有关准备和阅读脚本的更多信息。

You can tell that many people think in terms of the written word if you ever see a written speech with annotations. Speakers often include visual reminders to ‘express’ their written words in particular ways. They add exclamation marks, write in bold, italics, different sizes and colours, or even add instructions and performance markings in the margins. A few reminders can clearly be helpful, but with too many it’s as if the speech starts as written words and has to have the expression put on top. Certainly, a teleprompter instruction ‘Pause and smile here’ is more likely in the heat of the moment to produce an awkward grimace than a genuine warm smile! You can find more about preparing and reading from scripts in Chapter 14.

书面文字的问题在于，除非您大声说出这些文字并且您的听众听到您的发音， 否则您无法完全理解它们的影响。

The trouble with the written word is that until you say the words aloud and your audience hears how you say them, you don’t fully understand their impact.

当您倾听他人时，他们所说的意思与他们使用的词语并不相同。声音是最准确地传达感觉的东西。在刘易斯·卡罗尔 (Lewis Carroll) 的《镜中奇遇记》(Through the Looking Glass)中，矮胖子 (Humpty Dumpty) 断言：“当我使用一个词时……”。. . 它的意思正是我选择它的意思——不多也不少。对此我说，“当然有，Dumpty 先生。” 有趣的是，不知道我的语气，你不知道我是同意还是不同意。如果我用充满活力的高亢声音说出来，我可能是在表达真正的热情。如果我用缓慢而拖沓的语气说这句话而没有提高语调，我可能是在表达讽刺。现在尝试自己用几种不同的方式说出这句话。请注意，改变你的语调实际上可以将短语的含义从一种意思改变为完全相反的意思。显然，让你的语气符合你的意思很重要；我将在第 10 章更详细地介绍这个主题。

When you listen to others, the meaning of what they say isn’t the same as the words they use. The sound is what conveys the sense most accurately. In Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll, Humpty Dumpty asserts: ‘When I use a word . . . it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.’ To this I say, ‘Of course it does, Mr Dumpty.’ Interestingly, without knowing my tone of voice, you can’t tell whether I agree or disagree. If I say it with a high-pitched energetic voice, I may be expressing genuine enthusiasm. If I say it in a slow drawl without a rise in tone, I’m probably expressing sarcasm. Try saying the phrase a few different ways yourself right now. Notice how changing your tone of voice can actually change the meaning of the phrase from one sense to its very opposite. Obviously, getting your tone to match your meaning is important; I cover the topic in more detail in Chapter 10.

当莎拉的新老板要求她周末来办公室清理积压的工作时，她打趣地对他说：“度过一个星期六真是太棒了！” 她依靠他的幽默感来捕捉她语气中的讽刺意味。然而，他的回应表明他已经失去了讽刺意味。“我很高兴你这么想，”他认真地说，完全没有注意到其中的细微差别，“我认为在竞争中领先真的很重要，不是吗？” 我正在考虑为团队开始周六轮换。很高兴知道你会支持我。

When Sarah’s new boss asked her to come into the office at the weekend to clear the backlog of work, she quipped to him, ‘What a great way to spend a Saturday!’ She relied on his sense of humour to catch the irony in her tone. His response however indicated that the satire was lost on him. ‘I’m glad you think that way,’ he said earnestly, completely missing the nuance, ‘I think it’s really important to get ahead of the competition, don’t you? I’m thinking of starting a Saturday rota for the team. Great to know you’ll be behind me.’

在跨文化交流中，基于音调的误解特别容易发生，因为双方对某些声音品质的解释不同。英国直截了当的笑话经常被外国人误解，他们希望用不同的语气来表达幽默。当没有任何专横的态度时，印度音调变化对西方听众来说可能听起来很教条。在第 11 章中找到更多关于跨文化问题的信息。

Misunderstandings based on tone can occur particularly easily in cross-cultural exchanges where two parties interpret certain vocal qualities differently. British straight-faced jokes are often misunderstood by foreigners, who expect a different tone for humour. Indian tonal inflection can sound dogmatic to western listeners when no domineering attitude is intended. Find out more about cross-cultural concerns in Chapter 11.

误区四：只有外表才是真正重要的

Myth 4: Only looks really count

把这个神话看作是前一个神话的反面。你可能生活在一个充满声音的世界里，但外表才是真正的明星。在时间、金钱和注意力方面，每次都是外表胜出：

Think of this myth as the flipside of the preceding one. You may live in a world full of sound, but appearance is the real star of the show. In terms of time, money and attention, appearance wins out every time:

时装业为各种场合大量生产服装，而珠宝业则添加所有这些“基本”细节。

The fashion industry churns out clothes for every occasion, while the jewellery industry adds all those ‘essential’ details.

美容行业推销化妆品、面霜和乳液，而发型师、美容师、美甲师和无数其他专家则负责您身体的各个部位。

The beauty industry promotes make-up, creams and lotions, while hairstylists, beauticians, manicurists, and myriad other specialists tend to every part of your body.

个人培训和整形手术行业倾向于每一个可能跟不上的部分——从跆拳道到肉毒杆菌毒素等等——所有这些都是为了看起来好看。

The personal training and plastic surgery industries tend to every part that may not be keeping up – from kickboxing to Botox and beyond – all in the effort to look good.

看看你自己的经历。你是否更关心你的外表而不是你的声音？心里盘点一下你每年在外表上花费了多少金钱、时间和精力。

Look at your own experience. Are you more concerned about what you look like than about what you sound like? Take a mental inventory of how much money, time and attention you spend on your appearance every year.

想想你在衣服以及美容、化妆、理发、时尚杂志、面部护理、美甲、整形手术上花了多少钱。

Think about how much you spend on clothes as well as grooming, make-up, haircuts, style magazines, facials, manicure, plastic surgery.

想想你花了多少时间去购物或上网、整理衣服、理发、美甲、打蜡、梳头以及照镜子。

Consider how many hours you spend going shopping or trawling the Internet, looking after your clothes, having your hair cut, your nails done, your legs waxed, brushing your hair and just looking at yourself in the mirror.

想想你早上离开家之前做了什么。你会照镜子检查自己的外表吗？你检查你的肤色、你的头发和你的衣服吗？

Ponder what you do before leaving the house in the morning. Do you look at yourself in the mirror and check your appearance? Do you examine your complexion, your hair and your outfit?

现在想想你在声音上投入的金钱、时间和注意力。你花钱或时间来改善你的声音吗？你在离开家之前检查过你的声音吗？如果这些问题听起来很奇怪，请不要感到惊讶。几乎每个人都更注重外表！

Now think about your investment of money, time and attention in your voice. Do you spend any money or time to improve your voice? Do you check out your voice before leaving the house? Don’t be surprised if these questions sound odd. Nearly everyone focuses more on appearance!

然而，外表的绝对重要性是一个神话。是的，当你第一次见到某人时，你确实倾向于有意识地注意外表和一般表现。是的，在最初试探 别人时，你可能只会听出他们的口音，或者注意到某个声音是特别优美还是特别难听。但是你对他人声音的更深层次的、潜意识的反应是巨大而有力的。你可能不会有意识地全神贯注地听取他人的声音，但你一直在从人们的声音中寻找意义，正如我在下一节中探讨的那样。

And yet, the all-consuming importance of appearance is a myth. Yes, when you meet someone for the first time, you do tend to pay conscious attention to appearance and general presentation. And yes, in sounding out others initially, you probably only pick up their accents or notice if a voice is especially beautiful or particularly unpleasant. But your deeper, subconscious reactions to others’ voices are massive and powerful. You may not consciously give what you hear from another person your complete attention, but you’re making meaning from people’s sound all the time, as I explore in the following section.

深入了解您对声音的反应

Digging Deeper into How You React to Voices

花几分钟和其他人一起在一个空间里，倾听一下你周围不同的声音。你听到什么样的音调、速度和节奏？你能说出人们的能量水平或情绪吗？

Spend a few minutes in a space with other people, just listening for a moment to the array of different voices around you. What pitches, speeds, and rhythms do you hear? Can you tell anything about people’s energy level or moods?

在倾听别人的声音时，你有没有：

While listening to others’ voices, have you ever:

当尖锐的尖叫声袭击您的耳朵时感到畏缩吗？

Cringed when a high-pitched shrieking voice assaulted your ears?

当有人使用强硬的主导语气向您提出要求时，您是否会生气地紧闭双唇？

Squeezed your lips together in irritation when someone made a request of you using a hard-edged dominating tone?

当有人简单或诚实地表达自己的感受时，是否感动得流下了眼泪？

Been moved to tears when someone stated their feelings simply or honestly?

是否会因为朋友的自信语气而受到激励去做某事？

Become galvanised to do something based on a friend’s confident tone?

当某人开始说话时，最初对他或她的正面评价是否很快就破灭了？

Had an initially positive estimation of someone quickly shatter when he or she started to speak?

当一个人的声音与他或她的外表发生冲突时，是否会感到与外界脱节？也许你遇到了一个身材苗条、声音洪亮的人，或者一个看起来很健壮、声音细弱、令人窒息的人。你和那个人谈话感觉如何？

Felt disconnected when a person’s voice clashed with his or her appearance? Perhaps you met someone slim and petite with an overpowering voice, or someone who looked fighting fit with a thin and strangulated voice. How did you feel talking to that person?

其他人的声音对您的影响——通常比您意识到的要深远得多。

Other people’s voices affect you – profoundly and usually to a much greater degree than you realise.

体验声音的物理力量

Experiencing sound’s physical power

声音对你有身体上的影响。如果你曾经站在火车站，当一列高速列车驶过时，你会回想起引擎雷鸣般的轰鸣声和身体的震动。声音让你感动。您无法将声音和振动分开。

Sound has a physical impact on you. If you’ve ever stood on a train station when a fast train shot through, you’ll recall the thunderous roar of the engine and the vibration you felt in your body. Sound moves you. You can’t separate sound and vibration.

同样，当人们说话时，他们声音的音色——他们特定的振动——会进入你的耳朵，并在你的身体内产生交感神经振动，从而产生愉快或不愉快的效果。你无法避免自己内心的共鸣。你不能像闭上眼睛不看你不想看到的东西那样容易地让自己远离声音。如果振动令人不快，则说明您对该人有负面反应；如果振动是愉快的，你就会对这个人有积极的感觉。声音触动你，在你的身体深处。声音是一种真实的感觉。因此，当您对声音做出自发反应时，感觉会影响您的反应。

In the same way, when people speak, the timbre of their voice – their particular vibration – enters your ears and creates sympathetic vibration inside your body as well, creating a pleasant or unpleasant effect. You can’t avoid the resonance inside yourself. You can’t shut yourself off from sound as easily as you can shut your eyes against something you don’t want to see. If the vibration is unpleasant, you have a negative reaction to the person; if the vibration is pleasant you feel positively towards the individual. Sound touches you, deep within your body. Sound is feeling in a literal way. So when you react spontaneously to a voice, feeling informs your reaction.

响应声音的振动

Responding to sound’s vibrations

因为声音会在您体内振动，所以声音可以打动您。（情绪这个词提醒我们，感觉包括运动感或振动感。）

Because voice sounds vibrate inside you, voices can move you. (The word emotion is a reminder that feelings include a sense of motion or vibration.)

您可能会对声音产生好感或被声音打开。您可能会尊重、相信或信任某个声音；同样不信任、害怕或不相信一个声音。

You may warm to a voice or get turned on by a voice. You may respect, believe or trust a voice; and equally mistrust, fear or disbelieve a voice.

听听美国演员詹姆斯厄尔琼斯。许多剪辑都可以在线获得。丰富而深沉的音调从他巨大的框架中产生共鸣。与这位演员合作过的人报告说，他的声音似乎来自内心深处，发自内心。他们报告说，他们也在内心深处听到了他的声音。然而，尽管琼斯的声音很有力量，但它也有可能引起笑声。用一位评论员的话来说，他的声音是“可以融化黄油的声音”。

Listen to the American actor James Earl Jones. Many clips are available online. Rich and deep tones resonate from his huge frame. People who’ve worked with the actor report that his sound seems to come from deep within him, right from the heart. They report that they hear his voice deep within themselves too. Yet for all its power, Jones’s voice also has the potential for laughter. His voice is ‘a voice that can melt butter’ in the words of one commentator.

作为对比，请听演员文森特·普莱斯 (Vincent Price) 的讲述。他以可怕的声音而闻名，在他的整个职业生涯中扮演了数十个恶棍和令人毛骨悚然的角色。听着他意味深长的强调和令人不寒而栗的轻声调，简直让人毛骨悚然。

For contrast, listen to the actor Vincent Price. Well known for his scary voice, he played dozens of villains and creepy characters throughout his career. Listening to his meaningful emphases and chilling lighter tones literally makes people’s hair stand on end.

作为一个恶作剧者，普莱斯曾参加他的一部恐怖电影的放映，并直接坐在一对毫无戒心的夫妇后面。当他在电影中用可怕的声音说话的部分出现时，他就用那种声音从这对夫妇的身后说话。谈论内在振动；他们从座位上跳了起来！

A practical joker, Price once attended a showing of one of his horror films and sat directly behind an unsuspecting couple. When the part came up where he spoke with his scary voice in the film, he spoke from behind the couple in that very voice. Talk about inner vibration; they leapt out of their seats!

由于对人们的声音有如此强烈的很大程度上是无意识的反应，它在我们对名人的反应中扮演重要角色也就不足为奇了。

With such a strong largely unconscious reaction to people’s voices, it isn’t surprising that it plays an important part in our response to celebrities.

想想三四位名人——例如玛格丽特·撒切尔、巴拉克·奥巴马和剑桥公爵夫人凯瑟琳（威廉王子的妻子）。想象一下每个名人都用别人的声音说话。想象一下，玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 说话时用的是Absolutely Fabulous中空头泡泡那种吱吱作响的声音。巴拉克奥巴马用大卫贝克汉姆的小高音在公开场合讲话怎么样？现在用伦敦记者 Janet Street Porter 沙哑的嗓音试试剑桥公爵夫人凯瑟琳。一些人报告说，这些例子感觉非常错误，以至于无法想象。当然，做完这个练习后，你会发现很难保持语气没有什么不同。声音是一个人的标志，声音的改变似乎从根本上改变了他们的身份。声音变了，他们给人的印象是另一个人。

Think of three or four celebrities – for example Margaret Thatcher, Barack Obama and Catherine, The Duchess of Cambridge (Prince William’s wife). Imagine each celebrity speaking with someone else’s voice. Imagine Margaret Thatcher speaking with the squeaky voice of the airhead Bubble in Absolutely Fabulous. How about Barack Obama speaking in public with the small high voice of David Beckham? Now try Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge with the raucous voice of the cockney journalist, Janet Street Porter. Some people report that the examples feel so wrong that they’re impossible to imagine. Certainly, after doing this exercise, you’ll find it hard to maintain that tone of voice doesn’t make a difference. The voice is such a mark of the person that a change of voice seems to alter fundamentally their identity. With a changed voice, they come across as a different person.

也许人们会不自觉地回应你的声音。如果你发展自己的声音并听起来不同，人们会对你有何不同的看法？他们会更认真地对待你吗？对你更温暖？准备好改变人们对你的看法！

Perhaps people respond unconsciously to your voice. How might people regard you differently if you developed your voice and sounded different? Would they take you more seriously? Warm to you more? Prepare to change people’s assumptions about you!

从声音中理解意义

Making meaning from voice sounds

当你对某人的声音产生身体反应时，你会立即从你的反应中理解意义。例如：

When you have a physical reaction to someone’s voice, you instantly make meaning from your reaction. For example:

如果人们声音洪亮，您往往会认为他们很自信。

If people have robust voices, you tend to consider them confident.

如果他们的声音低沉，你就会更愿意认真对待他们。

If they have deep voices, you’re more disposed to take them seriously.

如果他们说话速度很快且充满活力，您就会认为他们机智。

If they speak quite fast and energetically, you consider them quick-witted.

如果大人说话的音调很高，您可能会认为他们愚蠢或幼稚。

If adults speaks with very high pitch, you’re likely to consider them silly or naïve.

如果他们说话时声音刺耳，你会认为他们麻木不仁或粗鲁。

If they speak driving the voice hard into the nose, you think of them as insensitive or boorish.

如果您听到声音中的犹豫，您会认为您是在和一个不自信的人说话。

If you hear hesitation in the sound, you assume you’re speaking to an unconfident person.

人们以无数种不同的方式解读声音，而大多数这种情况都是在瞬间发生的，而您却没有意识到这一点。

People interpret voices in a myriad of different ways, and most of this happens in an instant without you giving it conscious awareness.

你的声音之所以令人惊叹，是因为你可以用它在声音方面做些什么，而不仅仅是因为你选择的词语。花时间熟悉人们通常对不同音质的反应方式，并培养有效使用声音的能力！

Your voice is amazing because of what you can do with it in terms of sound, not only because of the words you choose. Take the time to familiarise yourself with the ways that people typically react to different vocal qualities and develop your ability to use your voice effectively!

第3章

Chapter 3

了解你自己的声音

Getting to Know Your Own Voice

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

听到自己的声音

Hearing your own voice

欣赏构成你声音的所有因素

Appreciating all the factors that make up your voice

注意你的声音如何以及何时变化

Noticing how and when your voice varies

准备做出改变

Preparing to make changes

一个男人叫了一辆出租车。“我想去车站，”他说。“好吧，”出租车司机回答。'我来接你。你现在在哪？' '呃。. . 我不知道。但我想去车站！每一段旅程都是从这里到那里，除非你知道你来自哪里，否则你无法开始。那么你现在在哪里发声？你现在的声音怎么样？

A man calls for a taxi. ‘I want to go to the station,’ he says. ‘Fine,’ replies the taxi driver. ‘I’ll pick you up. Where are you now?’ ‘Er . . . I don’t know. But I want to go to the station!’ Every journey goes from here to there, and you can’t start unless you know where you’re coming from. So where are you now vocally? What’s your voice like at present?

您可能认为答案是显而易见的，但这并不是因为很难确定您自己的声音听起来究竟如何。从字面上看，你在身体上离你发出的实际声音太近了，你的听力会受到你的恐惧和期望的影响。

You may think that the answer is obvious, but it’s not because being sure exactly how your own voice sounds is difficult. You are, literally, too physically close to the actual sound you produce, and your hearing is influenced by your fears and expectations.

许多人讨厌他们的声音，但无法真正解释原因。他们说，“我只是有一种感觉”或“这是人们忽视我的方式”或“当我张开嘴时人们会奇怪地看着我”。有些人因为他们对口音或阶级的看法而仓促下结论。有些人根本不知道它们听起来像什么。其他人，可能是大多数人，抓住了他们不喜欢的一个特定方面。他们认为自己的声音太高、太小或太沉闷。

Many people hate their voices but can’t really explain why. They say, ‘I just have a feeling’ or ‘It’s the way people ignore me’ or ‘People look at me oddly when I open my mouth’. Some jump to conclusions because of their views about accent or class. Some have no idea at all what they sound like. Others, the majority probably, latch onto one specific aspect that they dislike. They think that their voices are too high, too quiet or too dull.

大多数人认为每个人都有一种特定的声音。事实上，大多数人都有不止一种声音。你会根据情况改变它——你在和谁说话，你对地位的看法以及你在任何给定时刻的身体和情感感受。你说话的主题很复杂。那么，关于你的真实声音，你能收集到哪些线索呢？继续阅读 - 并重新熟悉您的声音。

Most people assume that each person has one particular voice. The truth is that most people have more than one voice. You change it according to circumstances – who you’re speaking to, your perception of status and how you’re feeling, physically and emotionally, at any given moment. The subject of your voice is a complex one. So, what clues can you gather about how you really sound? Read on – and gain new familiarity with your voice.

听到你的声音

Hearing What You Sound Like

我能听到有人抗议，'我什至不想知道我听起来像什么；我只知道我的声音很糟糕！不用担心。大多数人对自己的声音评价不高，害怕发现现实比他们想象的更糟。

I can hear someone protest, ‘I don’t even want to know what I sound like; I just know my voice is awful!’ Don’t worry. Most people don’t rate their voices highly and fear to discover that the reality is worse than they thought.

请放心，本章中的活动只是初步探索，旨在为您提供有关最佳后续步骤的信息。

Rest assured that the activities in this chapter are only a preliminary exploration, to give you information on the best next steps for you.

听录音

Listening to a recording

如果您曾经在电话或移动设备上播放过您的个人回复消息，您就会知道在录音中聆听自己的声音是一种奇怪的感觉。你的声音听起来有点熟悉，但又不是。它听起来可能比您预期的要高，具有不吸引人的细小音质，给人的感觉是机械的——或者至少不是很人性化。

If you’ve ever played back your personal answer message on your phone or mobile, you know that listening to yourself in a recording can be a weird sensation. Your voice sounds sort of familiar, only it’s not. It probably sounds higher than you’re expecting, has an unattractive tinny quality and comes across as mechanical – or at least not very human.

录制和重放您声音的技术正在创造这三种效果。你确实听起来更高、更细、更像机器。但其中大部分是录音机的错误。

The technology that’s recording and replaying your voice is creating all three effects. You do indeed sound higher, more tinny and more machine-like. But much of that is the fault of the recording machine.

要从自己的录音中获得真实的反馈，您需要咬紧牙关，忽略您的第一印象，仔细聆听那些与录音质量不太相关的特征。问你自己：

To gain genuine feedback from listening to a recording of yourself, you need to grit your teeth, ignore your first impression and listen carefully for those characteristics that don’t depend so much on the quality of the recording. Ask yourself:

我不清楚吗？

Am I unclear?

我赶时间吗？

Am I rushing?

我的声音是否都处于相同的音量和音高水平？

Is my voice all on the same volume and pitch level?

我会突然大声说出孤立的词吗？

Do I suddenly boom out loudly on isolated words?

我是否犹豫地停下来开始？

Do I stop and start hesitantly?

如果您对这些问题的回答让您感到焦虑或绝望，请保持冷静！本书的章节涉及上述每个问题。

If your responses to these questions get you feeling anxious or despairing, stay calm! This book has chapters that deal with each of the preceding issues.

从内部聆听

Listening from inside

听到自己录音的主要震撼在于，这种体验与你说话时在内心聆听截然不同。坏消息是，您说话时通过耳朵听到的声音几乎不比听录音更可靠——您听不到其他人听到的声音。当你说话时，你听到的声音从你的头部和胸部的骨骼共振表面反射回来，似乎比其他人听到的声音更响亮，更能在你的脑海中产生共鸣。此外，当声音在您的头骨内回荡时，您会感到令人满意的振动。难怪你的声音在你内心听起来更丰富、更饱满！

The main shock of hearing a recording of yourself is that the experience is so different from listening inside when you speak. The bad news is that the sound you hear through your ears when you speak is scarcely more reliable than listening to a recording – you don’t hear the voice that other people hear. When you speak, the sound you hear bouncing off the resonant surfaces of bones in your head and chest seems much louder and more resonant inside your head than the sound that other people hear. In addition, you feel satisfying vibrations as the sound reverberates around inside your skull. No wonder your voice sounds richer and fuller inside you!

但是，您可以通过以下技巧更好地了解其他人听到的内容：

However, you can get a better idea of what others hear with the following technique:

1. 一只手放在耳后，轻轻向前弯曲耳朵。

1. Cup one hand behind your ear, and gently bend your ear forward.

2. 将另一只手轻轻握在脸前，距离嘴巴约一手宽。

2. Hold your other hand gently rounded in front of your face, about a hand’s width away from your mouth.

将嘴前那只手的手指指向耳后的那只手，这样两只手几乎要接触。

Point the fingers of the hand in front of your mouth towards the hand cupped behind your ear, so that the two hands are almost touching.

3. 正常对着脸前的圆手说话。

3. Speak normally into the rounded hand in front of your face.

调整前手，直到声音似乎是从您外面发出的。

Adjust the front hand until the sound seems to emanate from outside you.

您听到的声音与您说话时其他人听到的声音非常相似。几乎可以肯定，这个声音比您在脑海中听到的声音更高更细——不过不用担心；每个人都有相似的经历。

The voice you hear sounds quite similar to what other people hear when you speak. Almost certainly, the sound is higher and thinner than the sound you hear inside your head – don’t worry though; everyone has a similar experience.

获得反馈

Getting feedback

您也可以请朋友或信任的同事就您的声音给您反馈。告诉对方你正在寻求平衡的意见，包括正面和负面的意见。说明你想听到对你声音特征的物理描述，而不是描述他们认为你是什么样的人的情感个人意见。

You can also ask a friend or trusted colleague to give you feedback on your voice. Tell the other person that you’re seeking a balanced opinion, both positive and negative. Explain that you want to hear a physical description of the characteristics of your voice, rather than an emotive personal opinion that describes the kind of person they think you are.

当您向其他人征求反馈意见时，他们可能会给您贴上标签或用情绪化的术语描述您的声音，例如“你听起来很傲慢”或“你听起来很胆小”。如果是这样，从腰带以下的打击中恢复过来后，再提出一个问题。问问你的朋友，他或她究竟从声音中听到了什么，从而产生了这种看法。例如，你的声音是生硬的还是在句末提高了声调？这就是对您有用的信息。

When you ask other people for feedback, they may label you or describe your voice in emotive terms such as, ‘You sound rather patronising’ or ‘You sound timid.’ If so, after recovering from this blow below the belt, follow up with a question. Ask your friend what exactly he or she hears in the sound that gives rise to that opinion. For example, is your sound hard-edged or do you raise the tone at the end of a sentence? That’s the kind of information that is going to be useful to you.

对反馈持开放态度！Harold 是我主持的课程的参与者，他不同意其他人关于他声音柔和的反馈。的确，他非常坚定，声音很大，以至于他在课程的第二天带了一个分贝计数器来证明他的观点。我们测试了各种声音，只有当他看到自己在拨号盘上的计数与其他人相比有多低时，他才愿意承认也许他说话的声音确实很小。哈罗德是一个很好的例子，他相信自己头脑中的声音比来自录音或其他人的反馈更重要。他觉得他说话很大声，相信自己的内心感受，拒绝让自己大声说话，尽管人们总是要求他大声说话！（如果 Harold 的经历听起来很熟悉，请翻到第 7 章，我将在其中详细讨论音量主题。）

Be open to the feedback! Harold, a participant on a course I was leading, didn’t agree with feedback from others that his voice was soft. Indeed, he was so adamant that his voice was loud that he brought a decibel counter to the second day of the course to prove his point. We tested various voices, and only after he saw how low his count was on the dial compared with others was he willing to admit that maybe he did speak rather quietly. Harold was a good example of someone who trusted the sounds in his head more than feedback from recordings or from other people. He felt that he sounded loud and put his trust in his inner feeling, refusing himself permission to speak louder, even though people were always asking him to speak up! (If Harold’s experience sounds familiar, turn to Chapter 7 where I tackle the topic of volume in detail.)

在您收集信息时，非正式观察与正式反馈一样有用。开始注意其他人对您声音的反应。提醒自己要随意和不偏不倚——您可以很容易地得出结论或对您的发现持防御态度。假装你是一名观察对象的科学家，并尽可能记下你声音的影响。例如：

Informal observations are as useful as formal feedback as you gather information. Start noticing others’ reaction to your voice. Remind yourself to be casual and impartial – you can easily jump to conclusions or become defensive about what you discover. Pretend that you’re a scientist observing a subject and take note of all that you can about the effect of your voice. For example:

人们是否经常要求您重复您所说的话，或者没有注意到您说过的话？

Do people often ask you to repeat what you say or not notice that you have spoken?

你看到人们倾身向前听——还是后退？！

Do you see people leaning forward to hear – or maybe backing away?!

在心里记下你的观察结果，问问自己你可以做些什么来对你的听众产生不同的影响。

Mentally log your observations and ask yourself what you may do differently to have a different impact on your listeners.

识别您独特的声音

Recognising your unique sound

你的声音是你一个人的。你听起来不像其他人。您的声音是许多不同因素的混合体，造就了您独特的声音和说话方式。

Your voice is yours alone. You don’t sound quite like anyone else. Your voice is an amalgam of many different factors, resulting in your unique sound and manner of speaking.

在最简单的层面上，您的语音质量取决于您的身体形状。小提琴听起来不像大提琴，因为它的大小与小提琴相当。双胞胎听起来很相似，部分原因是他们的骨骼结构相似，尤其是头骨。但是每把小提琴仍然与其他小提琴不同，甚至双胞胎在成长过程中也会出现声音差异。请参阅第 9 章了解更多关于您的身体和头骨影响声音的方式。

At the simplest level, your voice quality depends on the shape of your body. A violin doesn’t sound like a cello because it’s violin-sized. Twins sound similar partly because they have similar bone structure, particularly of their skulls. But every violin is still different from other violins, and even twins develop differences in their voices as they mature. See Chapter 9 for more on the ways your body and skull affect your sound.

你的声音听起来像你所做的，因为你如何控制自己。如果你像军士长一样僵硬地站着，你听起来就不同于那些懒散的人，好像是在倒霉。请参阅第 5 章，了解更多关于姿势如何影响声音的信息。

You sound the way you do because of how you hold yourself. If you stand stiffly like a sergeant major, you sound different from someone who slouches as if down on their luck. See Chapter 5 for the more on how your posture affects your voice.

你的声音取决于你如何听到别人的声音和使用你的耳朵。听力是首先了解如何说话的关键，然后会影响您成熟时调节声音的能力。

Your sound depends on how you hear others and use your ears. Listening is key to finding out how to speak in the first place and then affects your ability to modulate your sound as you mature.

你的声音取决于你如何演奏你的声乐乐器——这会受到你的想法和感觉的影响。你的声音会受到你认为自己是什么样的人、你希望自己成为什么样的人以及你害怕自己可能成为什么样的人的影响。

Your sound depends on how you play your vocal instrument – and that is influenced by your thinking and feeling. Your sound is affected by the kind of person you think you are, as well as the kind of person you wish you were and the kind of person you fear you may be.

如果你怀疑自己是一个无聊的人，那么你往往会发出无聊的声音。如果你渴望自信，你会尝试将其注入你的声音中。随着您的信心起起落落，您的声音质量也会发生变化。同样，你的声音反映出你是一个缓慢、深入思考的人，还是一个敏捷、自发的人。第 10 章更详细地探讨了这种身心联系。

If you suspect that you’re a boring person, you tend to produce a boring voice. If you aspire to be confident, you try to inject that into your voice. As your confidence waxes and wanes, your voice changes in quality. Similarly, your voice reflects whether you’re more of a slow, deep thinker or quick, spontaneous one. Chapter 10 explores this mind-body connection in greater detail.

你的声音取决于你喜欢什么声音。你试图以你想要的方式听起来与你的认同感以及你如何看待自己在课堂、教育、文化环境等方面的适应密切相关。有关区域和阶级口音的更多信息，请参阅第 12 章。

Your voice depends on what sounds you prefer. Your attempts to sound the way you want to are bound up with your sense of identity and how you see yourself fitting in with respect to class, education, cultural environment and so on. See Chapter 12 for more about regional and class accents.

你的声音就是你允许自己成为的人。你个性的哪些方面会在你的声音中表现出来，哪些会隐藏起来？整个表达的味觉都为你所用，但你可能会忽略某些声调，如亲密的声音、傻傻的声音、狂喜的声音或悲伤或愤怒的声音。见第 11 章。

Your voice is who you allow yourself to be. Which aspects of your personality come out in your voice and which remain hidden? The whole palate of expression is available to you, but you may neglect certain voice tones, such as the intimate voice, the silly voice, the ecstatic voice or tones of sadness or anger. See Chapter 11.

一些声乐老师说改变你发声的方式很困难，而且你总的来说会被现有的东西困住。不是这样！你的声音不像你的指纹，在你的一生中完全不同且不变。如果您纯粹通过学习和练习来完成这项任务，改变您的声音可能是一个挑战。但是课程和练习只能让你走这么远，因为你的声音比身体更重要。当您在情感、智力和精神上发生变化时，您的声音自然会发生变化。找到你自己，你就会找到你的声音。

Some voice teachers say that changing the way you sound is difficult and that you’re on the whole stuck with what you’ve got. Not so! Your voice isn’t like your fingerprint, totally distinctive and unchanging through your life. Changing your voice may be a challenge if you approach the task purely physically, through tuition and exercises. But lessons and practice only get you so far because your voice represents so much more than the physical. When you change emotionally, intellectually and spiritually, your voice changes naturally. Finding yourself, you find your voice.

深入了解您的声音

Gathering Insights into Your Voice

您可能担心您的口音或说话方式会泄露太多关于您在哪里出生、长大或受教育的信息。（我在第 12 章正面讨论了重音问题。）

You may worry that your accent or way of speaking gives away too much information about where you were born, raised or educated. (I address the issue of accents head-on in Chapter 12.)

实际上，您的声音泄露的信息远不止于此！你的声音绝对充满了关于你的体型、种族、出生地、社会阶层、年龄以及可能还有你的职业的线索。它是您健康和幸福状态的晴雨表。它揭示了您是否有压力、疲倦或醉酒。它表明你的心态、你的自信水平和你的联系能力。谁需要复杂的心理仪器来测试人？你的声音揭示了这一切，甚至在你发表简短的评论时，“你觉得要下雨吗？”

Actually, your voice gives away even more information about you than that! Your voice is absolutely full of clues about your physical size, race, birth-place, social class, age and probably your occupation too. It’s a barometer of your state of health and well-being. It reveals whether you’re stressed, tired or drunk. It suggests your state of mind, your level of confidence and your ability to connect. Who needs complicated psychological instruments to test people? Your voice reveals all this even as you toss off a brief comment, ‘Going to rain, d’you think?’

我读到过一个实验，两位小提琴手，一位是训练有素的著名演奏家，另一位是优秀的业余爱好者，轮流在屏幕后面拉一把普通小提琴和一把斯特拉迪瓦里小提琴。之后，音乐专家对声音进行了评估。您可能猜想仪器会产生最大的不同，但事实并非如此。声音的最大差异来自玩家本身。这位著名演奏家在两种乐器上都发出了美妙的声音。

I read of an experiment where two violinists, one a well-trained famous player and the other an fine amateur, took turns to play both an ordinary violin and a Stradivarius behind a screen. Afterwards, musical experts assessed the sounds. You may guess that the instruments would make the biggest difference, but this wasn’t the case. The biggest difference in sound came from the players themselves. The famous player made a wonderful sound on both instruments.

您可以将故事与您的声音联系起来。您的仪器是预先确定的；你的声带有特定的长度；你的身体构成就是这样——但你使用声音的方式才是真正与众不同的。

You can relate the story to your voice. Your instrument is predetermined; your vocal cords are of a particular length; your physical make-up is what it is – but the way you use your voice is what really makes the difference.

无论您的身体构成如何，您演奏乐器的方式都会告诉您您是谁，包括：

Whatever your physical make-up, the way you play your instrument tells the story of who you are including:

你是多么的放松和柔顺。

How relaxed and supple you are.

您使用声音的程度和方式。

How much and in what ways you utilise your voice.

您如何回应人们以及您希望与他们建立联系的程度。

How you respond to people and how much you desire to connect with them.

到目前为止，您对生活的反应如何：无论您是在生活中航行还是在每一寸土地上都在挣扎。

How you’ve responded to your life up to now: whether you’ve sailed through life or struggled every inch of the way.

您在这个世界上如何看待自己，尤其是您扮演了多少角色，或者您对自己的鞋子感到自在多少。

How you see yourself in the world, especially how much you play a role or how much you feel at ease in your own shoes.

捡拾痕迹

Picking up the traces

你的声音很粘 它会在你经历生活时获得属性。如果您在该国的一个地方上学，然后成年后搬到另一个地方，您的口音通常会带有原始口音的痕迹。如果您在孩提时代与说话方式不同的孩子成为亲密朋友，那么您自己的声音就会带有他们的细微差别——不仅是他们的语言和口音，还有他们的语调、节奏和表达特质。你的声音尤其受到你钦佩和选择作为榜样的人的影响。

Your voice is sticky. It picks up attributes as you go through life. If you go to school in one part of the country and move as an adult to another, your accent usually reveals traces of its original accent. If, as a child you make close friends with a child with a different way of speaking, your own voice picks up nuances of theirs – not only their language and their accent but also their intonation, rhythm and expressive idiosyncrasies. Your voice is influenced particularly by people you admire and choose as role models.

你可能会认为，有了这种“粘性”，至少一个家庭的成员都以相同的方式说话，但家庭内部的声音并不总是相似的。当我第一次见到一个同事的孩子时，我很惊讶，他是一位大学教授，说话很有贵族腔调。他的儿子说话带有浓重的地方口音，这是从他学校的其他孩子那里学来的。你不会知道父母和孩子甚至是亲戚！

You may think that, with this ‘stickiness’, at least members of a single family all speak the same way but voices within families aren’t always similar. I was surprised when I first met the children of a colleague who is a university professor and speaks in patrician tones. His son spoke with a strong regional accent picked up from other children at his school. You wouldn’t know that parent and child were even related!

有些人的声音特别“粘”，对听到的任何内容都会立即做出反应。他们像对待孩子一样和孩子说话，用颤抖的声音和老年人说话，或者用外国口音和外国人说话。如果他们是一群人中的一员，其中一个人正在用南方口音说话，这些人会发现自己也在做同样的事情，即使其他人可能会因为听到听起来像戏剧表演而尴尬地畏缩。

Some people have particularly ‘sticky’ voices and react instantly to whatever they hear. They speak to children like children themselves, to older people in quivery voices or to foreigners in foreign accents. If they’re part of a group where one person is speaking in a broad southern drawl, these people find themselves doing the same, even though the rest of the group may be cringing in embarrassment to hear what sounds like a theatrical act.

电工来的时候我正在比尔家。比尔是一名城市律师，专门处理复杂的国际金融案件。他是一位令人信服的公众演说家，他深沉的语调彰显着权威和自信。然而，就在比尔和电工打招呼的那一刻，我意识到我认识的人已经离开了。“嗨，特里，伙计，”他用尖锐的声音打趣道。对吧，伙计？是的，这是老套路，特里，在玩一些糟糕的东西。去年才放的，我问你？！是的，不能相信他们，你可以吗，伙计？这是一场非凡的表演。他正在寻找电工说话方式的痕迹，并将这种说话方式转化为全世界对电工的夸张刻板印象。事后我提到他的新口音时，他根本不知道自己的声音变了！

I was at Bill’s house when the electrician arrived. Bill is a city lawyer who specialises in complex international finance cases. He is a convincing public speaker whose deep tones speak of authority and confidence. However, the moment Bill greeted the electrician, I realised that the person I knew had departed. ‘Hi, Terry, mate,’ he quipped in a high-pitched voice. ‘A’right, mate? Yeh, it’s the ole socket, Terry, playing up something awful. Only put in last year, I ask you?! Yeh, can’t trust ’em can you, mate?’ It was an extraordinary performance. He was picking up traces of the electrician’s way of speaking and converting this type of speech into an exaggerated stereotype of electricians worldwide. When I mentioned his new accent afterwards, he had no idea that his voice had changed at all!

当您更加注意自己的声音时，您可以缓和这种模仿的倾向并避免尴尬。然而，匹配他人口音和说话方式的能力，经过磨练和完善后，可以作为一种与他人建立更紧密联系的手段。我将在第 15 章中更详细地介绍如何与你的声音建立联系。

When you become more aware of your voice, you can moderate this tendency to mimic and save yourself from embarrassment. However, the ability to match someone else’s accent and way of speaking, when honed and polished, comes in useful as a means to create a closer connection with others. I cover creating connections with your voice in more detail in Chapter 15.

讲述你的人生故事

Sounding out your life story

你的声音会以各种方式受到你早期情感经历的影响：

Your voice is affected by your earlier emotional experiences in all sorts of ways:

如果你在情感上受到伤害并隐藏内心深处的感受，你通常会掩饰声音中的温暖。

If you’re hurt emotionally and conceal feeling deep within you, you often bury the warmth in your voice.

如果你的童年对糟糕的对待的反应是咬紧牙关而不是愤怒地爆发，那么今天的咬紧牙关可能会让你的声音变得沙哑。

If your childhood response to bad treatment was to grit your teeth rather than exploding with anger, that clenching may make your voice hard today.

如果你总是通过奉承周围的大人得到你想要的东西，你的声音可能会获得一种讨人喜欢的轻盈，成为其常规化妆的一部分。

If you always got what you wanted by flattering grown-ups around you, your voice may acquire an ingratiating lightness that becomes part of its regular make-up.

如果你总是胆怯内敛，你的声音很可能会缺乏前进的能量，卡在喉咙里，几乎无法传达给听众。

If you were always timid and reserved, your voice is likely to lack forward energy and get stuck in your throat, scarcely reaching your listener.

如果你年轻时经常受到贬低和批评，那么即使你感到兴奋，你的声音也可能不再具有高昂的热情。

If you were regularly put down and criticised when you were young, your voice probably no longer has access to its high enthusiastic tones even when you feel excited.

你在生活中所做的一切和感受到的一切都会影响你呼吸的方式、安排你的骨骼和使用你的肌肉。你习惯了使用面部、嘴巴和喉咙肌肉的特定模式，并围绕这些声音习惯塑造你的身体，在这个过程中加强某些肌肉并削弱其他肌肉。

Everything you’ve done and felt in your life shapes the way that you breathe, arrange your skeleton and use your muscles. You get used to particular patterns in using the muscles of face, mouth and throat and mould your physical body around these habits of sound, strengthening certain muscles and weakening others in the process.

身体和情感的相互联系是人们能够从你的声音中听到你所过的生活的原因，无论是你的实际声音还是现在被排除在外的所有声音和感觉的可能性。你的声音尤其显示出你为抵御情绪创伤而建立的防御措施。有关情绪压力对身体的影响的更多信息，请参阅边栏“生物能量学”。对于许多人来说，随着他们的成熟，他们声音的可能性范围往往会缩小。婴儿被遗弃的哭声、蹒跚学步的孩子愤怒的尖叫和婴儿的欢呼都被成人更“文明”的曲目所取代。如果这发生在你身上，恢复这些失去的表达可能性可以为你的声音开辟一条道路，让你的声音具有更广泛的范围和深度。（请参阅第 10 章了解更多关于发现你完整声音的信息。）

The interconnectedness of body and emotion is the reason that people can hear the life you’ve led in the sounds of your voice, both in your actual sounds and in all the possibilities of sound and feeling that are now excluded. Your voice shows especially the defences you built up against emotional trauma. See the sidebar ‘Bioenergetics’ for more on the effects of emotional stress on the body. For many, people the range of possibility in their voices tends to shrink as they mature. The cry of abandonment in the baby, the scream of anger in the toddler and the shout of joy in the infant are given up for the more ‘civilised’ repertoire of the adult. If that has happened to you, recovering these lost possibilities of expression can open the way to a voice that has a much fuller range and depth. (See Chapter 10 for more on uncovering your full voice.)

展现你不同的声音

Revealing Your Different Voices

我有时会在研讨会上问客户，“你们中有谁认为您的声音会在不同情况下发生变化？” 通常会有少数人举手。“现在，你们中有谁认为你们的声音在大多数情况下或多或少是一样的？” 还有更多人举手。

I sometimes ask clients in workshops, ‘Which of you think that your voice changes in different circumstances?’ A few people typically raise their hands. ‘Now, which of you think that your voice is more or less the same on most occasions?’ Many more raise their hands.

然后，我将引导您进行以下三阶段练习，您也可以与一两个朋友一起尝试——或者只是想象您在一个挤满人的房间里。收听音频文件中的音轨 2。

I then lead the following three-stage exercise that you can try as well with a friend or two – or just by imagining you’re in a room full of people. Listen in to Track 2 on the audio file.

1. 回想一下你感到害羞或害怕的时候。

1. Recall a time you felt shy or intimidated.

你有没有玩过派对游戏“以某种方式”，你以特定角色的方式进行活动，比如芭蕾舞，比如重量级摔跤手？这就是这里的游戏。如果你很少感到胆怯，那么想象你是；如果你经常感到胆小，那么你会发现这很容易！在房间里四处走动，“以”胆小者的方式与他人打招呼。

Have you ever played the party game ‘In the manner of’ where you perform an activity, say ballet dancing, in the manner of a particular character, like a heavyweight wrestler? That’s the game here. If you seldom feel timid, then imagine that you are; if you often feel timid, then you’ll find it easy! Walk around the room and greet others ‘in the manner of’ a timid person.

2. 一段时间后，停止这项活动。然后想象您正在参加商务社交活动。

2. After a while, break off from that activity. Then imagine that you’re at a business networking event.

正式自信地问候他人，以商务模式相互介绍。

Greet others formally and confidently, and introduce people to each other in business mode.

3. 最后，想象一下你突然遇到一位多年未见的特别亲密的朋友。

3. Finally, imagine that you suddenly bump into a special close friend whom you haven’t seen for years.

带着愉悦和惊奇兴奋地迎接这个人，如果你愿意的话，可以高兴地尖叫。

Greet this person excitedly with pleasure and amazement, shrieking with delight if you want.

4.比较每个场景的体验和能量。

4. Compare the experience and energy of each scenario.

在第一部分，当我领导这项活动时，噪音水平很低，并保持在同样的低音调。在第二部分，说话的声音大了很多，音调也提高了一个档次。在最后一部分，噪音水平非常高，音调上升到平流层。每个小组都会出现这种高音量，即使每个小组都有相当内敛或害羞的参与者。人们惊讶于他们在不同情况下听起来有多么不同。

In the first part, when I lead this activity, the noise level is low and stays at the same low pitch. In the second part, the sound of talking is much louder and also raised a notch in pitch. In the last part, the noise level is extremely high with the voice pitches rising to the stratosphere. This high volume happens with every group, even though each group has participants who are fairly restrained or shy. People are surprised at how different they sound in different circumstances.

根据您的心情和对事件的反应，您的音调和语气很可能每天、每分钟都在变化。即使不是故意的，你的声音也会泄露你真正发生的事情。你对父母和朋友、对兄弟姐妹或孩子、对你的老板或同事说话都不同。此外，当你在好日子说“我很好”和在坏日子说“我很好”时，人们通常可以分辨出不同之处。

Your pitch and tone most likely change from day to day and from minute to minute, according to your mood and your reaction to events. Even without meaning to, your voice leaks what is really going on for you. You speak differently to parents and friends, to siblings or children, to your boss or your colleagues. Moreover, people can usually tell the difference when you say ‘I’m fine’ on a good day and ‘I’m fine’ on a bad day.

我曾经有一位经理，她经常用尖锐霸道的语气和她的员工说话。第一次听到她和她的老板说话时，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。她听起来像个妖精！

I had a manager once who spoke regularly to her staff in sharp domineering tones. I couldn’t believe my ears the first time I heard her speak to her boss. She sounded like a seductress!

有些人的声音几乎没有变化。他们既不吸收别人的说话方式，也不对不同的环境和人做出口头反应。你可能是其中之一。如果你想表达你的声音，你需要能够随意改变它。

Some people’s voices scarcely change at all. They neither absorb others’ ways of speaking nor react vocally to different circumstances and people. You may be one of them. If you want to be expressive with your voice, you need to be able to vary it at will.

能够根据不同情况改变声音是更好地与他人联系的最佳方式之一。当你和别人打招呼并且你的声音愉快地提高时，他们知道你很高兴见到他们。当你同情一个悲伤的朋友并且你的声音变得温和时，他们相信你对他们感到真正的同情。在工作中或在家里，用更多样化的声音说话可以增进理解并改善人际关系。

Being able to change your voice for different circumstances is one of the best ways to connect better with others. When you greet people and your voice rises with pleasure, they know that you’re pleased to see them. When you sympathise with a sad friend and your voice takes on a gentle quality, they trust that you feel genuine empathy for them. At work or at home, speaking with more variety in your voice brings you increased understanding and better relationships.

换档

Shifting pitch

与其他任何方面相比，人们更多地抱怨自己声音的音调。通常他们认为自己的声音太高了，尽管有些人认为他们的声音太“咆哮”并且压在喉咙深处。

People complain more about the pitch of their own voice than about any other aspect. Usually they think their voices are too high, though some people believe their voices are too ‘growly’ and down in the back of their throats.

尽管人们对音高有不同的看法，但大多数听众都喜欢低音。在 BBC 的早期，女播音员是不可想象的，因为负责人（男性）认为女性的声音缺乏权威，国家不会愿意听高音。也许部分出于这个原因，几十年来，商业和公共生活中的女性一直致力于降低声音，有时这对她们不利。

Although people have differing opinions about pitch, most listeners favour lower voices. In the early days of the BBC, female announcers were unthinkable because the people in charge (men) believed that a woman’s voice lacked authority and that the nation wouldn’t want to listen to high tones. Perhaps partly for this reason, for decades women in business and public life have aimed for lower voices, sometimes to their detriment.

您可以通过多种方式降低您的声音 – 特别是通过向下压，这会损害您的声音，或者通过使用更多的咽部共鸣（喉咙中的共鸣），这听起来很不自然。玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 聘请后者接受媒体采访。然而，降低音高的最佳方法是使用下半身共振，我将在第 9 章中介绍。

You can lower your voice in various ways – notably by pushing down, which can harm your voice, or by using more pharyngeal resonance (resonance down in your throat), which sounds artificial. Margaret Thatcher employed the latter for media interviews. However, the best way to lower your pitch is to use lower body resonance, which I cover in Chapter 9.

如果您的声音听起来异常高，最可能的原因是紧张。一旦你感到紧张，你的音调就会升高。持续感到压力也会让你紧张，声音变薄。当您能够放松时，您的音调会降低到较低的音调。

If your voice sounds unnaturally high, the most likely reason is tension. As soon as you get nervous, your voice pitch goes up. Feeling constantly stressed also makes you tight and thins your voice. When you’re able to relax, your voice tone settles down at a lower pitch.

如果您说话的音量高于自然音量，您的声音通常听起来会更细弱或带有令人不快的鼻音。如果你压得太深，你的声音可能听起来很紧张，或者你经常有清嗓子的冲动。

If you speak higher than is natural, your voice can often sound thinner or unpleasantly nasal. If you push too deep, your voice probably sounds strained or you frequently feel the urge to clear your throat.

找到你的自然音高

Finding your natural pitch

瞄准你的自然音调。这是您的听众最容易听到的音调，也是您声音最亲切的音调。这个音调也给你最大的共鸣和影响。找到你的自然音调对女性尤其重要。如果你压低声音，你可能会达到与“权威”和“庄严”相关的音高，但你牺牲了声音的变化和微妙，最终可能会让你的听众感到厌烦而不是显示权威。

Aim for your natural pitch. That is the pitch that is most easy on the ear for your listeners and kindest to your voice. This pitch also gives you the most resonance and impact. Finding your natural pitch is especially relevant for women. If you force your voice low, you may reach a pitch associated with ‘authority’ and ‘gravitas’, but you sacrifice the variation and subtlety of your voice and probably end up boring your listeners rather than displaying authority.

对于大多数人来说，最适合您的声音的音调是您自然而然地用于非语言鼓励者的音调。这些是您在倾听他人并希望他们知道您正在积极参与他们所说的事情时发出的声音。它们包括“嗯嗯”、“嗯”和其他令人鼓舞的声音。

For most people, the pitch that is easiest for your voice is the one you use naturally for non-verbal encouragers. These are sounds you make when you’re listening to others and want them to know that you’re actively engaged in what they’re saying. They include ‘uh-huh’, ‘mm’ and other encouraging noises.

以一种单调、毫不费力的方式说“嗯”，就好像你同意某人的观点一样。然后以相同的音高说几句话。例如，“嗯，嗯，是的，这是一个很棒的活动，不是吗？” 现在尝试使用“嗯嗯”。先自己说吧。然后添加评论，“嗯，这听起来是个不错的解决方案。”

Say ‘mm’ in a humdrum effortless way as if you’re agreeing with someone. Then speak a few words at the same pitch. For example, ‘Mm, mm, yes, it was an excellent event, wasn’t it?’ Now try with ‘uh-huh’. Say it on its own first. Then add a comment, ‘Uh-huh, that sounds like a good solution.’

“Uh-huh”特别有趣，因为它包含两个音高——较高的“uh”和较低的“huh”。这两种声音为您的正常音高范围提供了有用的经验法则。为了听起来有趣和自然，改变你的音调，使它主要在这些水平之间波动。通过将手放在胸骨上并以自然音高说话来确认您正在使用理想的音高。你应该在那里感受到振动。

‘Uh-huh’ is particularly interesting because it contains two pitches – a higher ‘uh’ and a lower ‘huh’. These two sounds give you a useful rule of thumb for your normal pitch range. In order to sound interesting and natural, vary your pitch so that it mostly fluctuates between these levels. Confirm that you’re working with your ideal pitch by placing your hand on your breast bone and speaking at your natural pitch. You should feel vibrations there.

您还可以通过用力哼唱、感受鼻子和嘴巴周围的振动来找到您的音调。然后用同样的感觉和同样的音调说话。

You can also find your pitch by humming energetically, feeling the vibration in your nose and around your mouth. Then speak with the same feeling and at the same pitch.

盘点

Taking Stock

发展声音的最佳方法是什么？现在是一个很好的机会，您可以评估和查看您当前的声音，并决定您想要听起来像什么以及您将如何发展您的声音。

What is the best way forward for you in developing your voice? Right now is a good opportunity for you to take stock and look at your current voice as well as decide what you want to sound like and how you’re going to go about developing your voice.

你当然知道怎么说话。你有多年的实践！但是，就像一个每周都来打球的业余高尔夫球手，从来没有时间检查他的球技，你日复一日地使用你的声音，并且可能已经养成了坏习惯。是时候进行一些辅导了！

You know how to speak of course. You’ve had years of practice! But like an amateur golfer who turns up to play every week and never has the time to examine his game, you carry on using your voice day in, day out and have probably picked up bad habits. Time for some coaching!

虽然您无法像选择新的高尔夫球杆那样轻松地学会另一种声音，但您可以用不同的方式演奏您拥有的乐器，而且效果更好。

While you can’t pick up another voice as easily as choosing a new golf club, you can play the instrument you’ve got in different – and better – ways.

以下部分可帮助您开始评估您的声音并规划您想要达到的方向。

The following sections help you begin to assess your voice and plan the direction you want to aim for.

评估你的声音

Evaluating your voice

总结一下，问自己一些关于你声音的问题。表 3-1 包含许多您可能对自己说过或想到过的陈述——其中许多是负面的或批评的。通读每一条陈述并确定您是否同意。

Take stock and ask yourself some questions about your voice. Table 3-1 contains numerous statements – many of them negative or critical – that you may have said or thought about yourself. Read through each statement and determine whether you agree or disagree.

评估你的声音如何适合你

Assessing how your voice fits you

在我二十多岁的时候，我很高兴获得奖学金去罗马音乐学院学习声乐。这似乎是一个完美的地方：一个拥有最优美语言的国家和一个热爱美丽的城市。我爱上了那里的一切。一位意大利人自豪地告诉我，“这里全是bella figura——美丽的形式。” 一天，当我唱完威尔第咏叹调的开头时，我的歌唱大师突然大吼一声，把我吓了一跳，‘别再唱得漂亮了！听起来漂亮不是你的工作！见我一脸惊愕，他便温和地解释说：‘唱歌不是为了好听。在歌剧中，你会听到善恶、滑稽或滑稽的角色；他们都有不同的语气。声音必须有表现力，就这些。这就是声音的美妙之处——它对我们说话。

In my twenties, I was thrilled to win a scholarship to study singing at the Music Conservatorio in Rome. It seemed the perfect place: the country with the most beautiful sounding language and a city that loved beauty. I was in love with everything there. A Italian told me with pride, ‘It’s all bella figura – beautiful form – here.’ One day, after I had sung the beginning of a Verdi aria, my singing maestro shocked me by exploding, ‘Stop trying to sound beautiful! It’s not your job to sound beautiful!’ Seeing my appalled face, he explained more gently, ‘Singing is not about sounding beautiful. In the opera you hear characters who are good and evil, comic or ridiculous; they all have their different tones. The voice has to be expressive, that is all. That is the beauty of voice – that it speaks to us.’

直到后来我才完全明白他在说什么。我只想听起来像著名的天后琼·萨瑟兰或玛丽亚·卡拉斯。但事实上，我的榜样本身就是首先表达自己的歌手。

I didn’t fully understand what he was saying until later. I just wanted to sound like renowned divas Joan Sutherland or Maria Callas. But, in fact, my role models were themselves singers who first and foremost expressed themselves.

无论是说话还是唱歌，你的声音都需要表达你想说的话，也需要表达你。通过以下内容开始弄清楚你是谁：

Whether speaking or singing, your voice needs to express what you want to say, and it needs to express you. Begin figuring out who you are with the following:

1. 在一张纸的中央垂直画一条线，在左侧写下你最好的个人品质。

1. Draw a line vertically down the centre of a sheet of paper and write down some of your best personal qualities on the left side.

不要用“好吧，有些人说我是……”来限定你写的东西。. .' 或者'我想在美好的一天我有时...... . . '. 快速自由地做这个练习，不要自我审查。

Don’t qualify what you write with, ‘Well, some people say that I’m . . .’ or ‘I suppose that on a good day I’m sometimes . . . ’. Just do this exercise quickly and freely without censoring yourself.

在页面上写下至少 20 种个人品质。包括一种秘密的品质，你知道它是你自己的一部分，但没有人知道。列出一个你甚至都没有想过要说出来的显而易见的品质！

Write down at least 20 personal qualities on the page. Include a quality that is secret, that you know to be part of yourself but that no one knows about. List one quality that is so obvious that you haven’t even thought to say it yet!

我可能会写：快乐、慷慨、体贴、忠诚、友善。但是选择描述你的词。

I may write: happy, generous, thoughtful, loyal, friendly. But choose words that describe you.

2. 在纸的右边，写下你目前声音的身体素质，就你目前能判断的。

2. On the right side of the paper, write down the physical qualities of your current voice, as far as you can judge at present.

例如，我可能会写：深沉、沙哑、柔和、缓慢。但是选择能描述你声音的词。

I may write for instance: deep, husky, softish, slow. But choose words that describe your voice.

3. 比较你的两个列表。

3. Compare your two lists.

它们彼此相关吗？例如，如果您在第一个列表中写了“自发”，在第二个列表中写了“紧”，或者在第一个列表中写了“强硬”，在第二个列表中写了“甜蜜”，那么很明显您不匹配。当然，你在不同的时间表现出不同的品质，但如果你注意到这两个列表之间的重大差异，你可能正在经历你的生活和你的声音之间的某种脱节。

Do they relate to each other? For example, if you wrote ‘spontaneous’ in your first list and ‘tight’ in your second, or ‘tough’ in your first and ‘sweet’ in your second, then clearly you have a mismatch. Of course, you exhibit different qualities at different times, but if you notice major differences between the two lists you may be experiencing some disconnection between your life and your voice.

4. 想一想你第一个列表中的品质是如何通过口头表达出来的。

4. Reflect for a moment on how the qualities in your first list can manifest themselves vocally.

什么是亲切的声音、动感的声音、专注的声音、忠诚的声音？这些声音听起来如何？您可以对站立、移动和呼吸的方式做出哪些改变，以帮助产生这些不同的声音？例如，当我用“慷慨”这个个人品质一词来形容我的声音时，我想到的是一种饱满而温暖的声音。当我为自己的声音使用“快乐”这个个人品质时，我会想到声音中的轻微高音和能量。

What is a kind voice, a dynamic voice, a focused voice, a loyal voice? How does each of these voices sound? What changes can you make in how you stand, move and breathe that may help produce these various voices? For example, when I use the personal quality ‘generous’ as a word to describe my voice, I think of a full rich voice with warmth in it. When I use the personal quality ‘happy’ for my voice, I think of light higher-pitched sounds and energy in the voice.

5. 尝试不同的声调来配合你的个人素质。

5. Try out different tones of voice to match your personal qualities.

玩得开心这部分。要有创造力。想出尽可能多的方法，将您最好的个人品质带入您的声音中。

Have fun with this part. Be inventive. Think of as many ways as you can to bring your best personal qualities into the sound of your voice.

为您的旅程做准备

Preparing for Your Journey

我相信您想快速轻松地开始发展新的语音技能，因此本节提供了一些我最喜欢的提示和技巧来帮助您前进。

I’m sure that you want to begin developing your new voice skills quickly and easily, so this section offers a few of my favourite hints and tips to get you going.

发展你的声音不仅仅是智力上的努力。你的身体也必须做出反应，奇怪的是你的身体并不总是愿意服从指令。如果你是一个脸红的人，你已经知道告诉自己不要脸红是没有任何效果的；如果你在紧张的时刻试图稳定颤抖的手，情况也是如此。那有什么用呢？运动教练中使用的一些方法也可以帮助您发展自己的声音。看看Romilla Ready 和 Kate Burton (Wiley) 的神经语言编程傻瓜书，了解其他想法。

Developing your voice isn’t a merely intellectual endeavour. Your body has to respond as well, and oddly your body is not always willing to obey instructions. If you’re someone who blushes, you already know that telling yourself not to has no effect whatsoever; the same goes if you’re trying to steady your trembling hands during a nervous moment. So what is useful? Some of the approaches used in sports coaching can help you develop your voice as well. Have a look at Neuro-linguistic Programming For Dummies by Romilla Ready and Kate Burton (Wiley) for other ideas.

在开始培养更强大、更真实的声音时，请记住以下几点：

Keep the following in mind as you begin to develop a stronger, more authentic voice:

语音工作是精神上的、情感上的和身体上的。将这些方法视为平等的合作伙伴，永远不要只依赖一种方法。

Voice work is mental, emotional and physical. Treat these approaches as equal partners, never relying on just a single approach.

在实践中尝试。不要只阅读本书中练习的描述；当您试用它们时，您会从中获得最大的收益。

Try things out in practice. Don’t just read the descriptions of the exercises in this book; you get most out of them when you try them out.

保持好奇心。无论你得到什么结果，都不要批评自己。取而代之的是着迷。告诉自己，‘这很有趣！我想知道那是怎么发生的？

Be curious. Whatever results you get, avoid becoming critical of yourself. Be fascinated instead. Tell yourself, ‘That’s interesting! I wonder how that happened?’

如果事情暂时不起作用，保持好奇，但不要绝望。发展总是不平衡的；有时你会突然爆发；然后你会达到一个高原一段时间。你会到达那里！

If things don’t work for a while, get curious, but don’t despair. Development is always uneven; sometimes you have a sudden spurt; then you reach a plateau for a while. You’ll get there!

最重要的是，以游戏的精神来处理处理你的声音的整个主题。如果你玩得开心，你就能快速有效地获得新技能。

And above all, approach the whole subject of working on your voice in a spirit of play. If you have fun, you gain new skills fast and effectively.

从螺母和螺栓开始

Beginning with the nuts and bolts

考虑到你的声音几乎在你生活的每个部分都是如此重要的乐器，学校很少教授声乐训练这一事实令人惊讶。好的，您确实在学校的某些方面进行了交流。你会了解词汇，可能还会了解语法或演讲，但不会将声调的奥秘作为传统学术课程的一部分进行探索。您必须自己学习这些课程。

Considering that your voice is such a vital instrument for you in almost every part of your life, the fact that vocal training is rarely taught in school is amazing. Okay, you do work on some aspects of communication at school. You find out about vocabulary and possibly grammar or elocution, but you don’t explore the mysteries of voice tone as part of a traditional academic curriculum. These lessons you have to pick up for yourself.

我第一次见到我的荷兰朋友玛丽安 (Marian) 的孩子时，她只有几个月大，在第一次见面时，我听到妈妈和孩子的对话。玛丽安用调皮的语气对小埃莉诺说了些什么，她以咯咯的笑声回应。玛丽安用同样的语气又说了些什么；答案——不同的咯咯声。然后玛丽安用不同的声音调了调，埃莉诺跟着她。这是最美妙的对话，我很惊讶它能发生在这么小的婴儿身上。

I first met my Dutch friend Marian’s baby when she was only a couple of months old, and on that first meeting I heard mother and baby have a conversation. Marian said something in a playful tone to baby Eleanor, and she responded with a gurgle. Marian said something else in the same tone; answer – a different gurgle. Then Marian introduced a different up and down of the voice and Eleanor followed her lead. It was the most beautiful dialogue, and I was amazed that it could happen with a baby so young.

倾听和尝试新事物仍然是发展声音的最佳方式。你小时候的所作所为现在仍然适用。取得快速进步主要是为了摆脱无益的“成人”小鬼，例如判断力、自我批评、自我怀疑和急躁。（更多关于在第 11 章中解决这些问题。）

Listening and trying out new things is still the best way to develop your voice. What you did as a baby is still relevant now. Making rapid progress is mostly about getting rid of unhelpful ‘adult’ gremlins such as judgement, self-criticism, self-doubt and impatience. (More about tackling these in Chapter 11.)

同时，作为成年人，您可以进行一些有用的练习，就像您在学习一种新乐器时所做的那样。“慢是新的快，”一位音乐老师对我说。如果你一开始就慢慢地做事，你会发现你对技能的掌握会随着你的进行而加快。许多项目，从强身健体到精通一项运动，甚至是减肥，都根据这一原则取得最佳效果。

At the same time, being adult, you can put in some useful practice, as you would when taking up a new musical instrument. ‘Slow is the new fast,’ one music teacher said to me. If you take things gently and slowly at the beginning you find your acquisition of skills speeds up as you go along. Many projects, from getting fit to mastering a sport or even slimming work best according to this principle.

进入正确的心态

Getting in the right frame of mind

当您探索和发展自己的声音时，您的信念会产生重大影响。如果你相信你不能做某事，那么这种信念会影响你做这件事的能力。当我不再相信孩子们会是音聋而是相信每个孩子天生就会唱歌时（见边栏“儿童的自然音高”），我就能够教他们如何唱歌。

Your beliefs make all the difference when you’re exploring and developing your voice. If you believe that you can’t do something, that belief influences your ability to do it. When I stopped believing that children can be tone deaf and believed instead that every child is born to sing (see the sidebar ‘Natural pitch in children’), I was able to teach them how to sing.

玩很重要。我在本书中经常使用“玩”这个词，因为玩是关于虚构的。在虚构中，孩子们表现得好像某件事是真的。他们“穿上”了一种信念。这个过程也可以为你工作。当你尝试本书中的发声练习时，问自己一些“好像”的问题：

Play is very important. I use the word ‘play’ frequently in this book because play is about make-believe. In make-believe, children act as if something is true. They ‘put on’ a belief. This process can work for you too. As you try the voice practices in this book, ask yourself some of these ‘as if’ questions:

如果我真的能把这个功法修好，那会是什么样子？

If I could do this practice really well, what would that be like?

如果是明年的这个时候，我现在可以出色地进行这项练习，那是什么感觉？

If it’s this time next year and I can now do this practice brilliantly, what does that feel like?

谁能真正做好这项活动？如果我站在那个人的立场上，像现在这样做这个活动是什么体验？站在我自己的立场上，我现在不知道什么？

Who can do this activity really well? If I step into the shoes of that person, what is the experience of doing this activity like now? What do I know now that I didn’t know when standing in my own shoes?

如果这种做法真的很容易，那会是什么样子？

If this practice were really easy, what would that be like?

如果我只是为了好玩而玩这个练习，我的体验会有什么不同？

If I were just playing with this practice for fun, how would my experience be different?

把自己放在驾驶座上

Putting yourself in the driver’s seat

有些人开始从事一项运动是为了纯粹的身体锻炼，然后才产生激情。一些数学家和科学家起初将他们的学科作为技术来学习，后来发现它们也与想象力有关。许多最伟大的艺术家、运动员、数学家和科学家都没有这样做。他们从热情开始，这为所有进一步的活动提供了动力。爱因斯坦在成为一名成熟的科学家之前是一个梦想家。大卫·贝克汉姆 (David Beckham) 在达到巅峰之前就对足球充满热情。

Some people embark on a sport as a purely physical exercise at first, and passion comes later. Some mathematicians and scientists learn their subjects as techniques at first and discover that they’re also about imagination later. Many of the greatest artists, sportsmen, mathematicians and scientists don’t do that. They start with passion, which provides the driving force for all further activity. Einstein was a dreamer before he became a fully-fledged scientist. David Beckham was passionate about football before he reached the top of his game.

说得好取决于技巧，但如果你被激情所驱使，你就会进步得最快、最好。激情产生惊人的捷径。例如，你可以运用一千种技巧来产生温暖圆润的声音，而你一秒钟的真心温暖也可以产生同样的声音。

Speaking well relies on technique, but you improve quickest and best if you’re driven by passion. Passion produces amazing shortcuts. For example, you can work on a thousand elements of technique to produce a warm rounded voice, while one second of genuine heart warmth from you can produce the same sound.

改进的主要驱动力是您对沟通的渴望。你的呼吸和发声器官开始发挥作用，以回应你的能量来表达你内心的某些东西。所以，虽然你可以通过由外而内的工作和专注于技巧来更好地说话，但你会从内心深处产生的表达冲动中获得更大、更好、更快和更愉快的收获。

The main driver for improvement is your desire to communicate. Your breathing and vocal apparatus come into play in answer to your energy to express something inside you. So, although you can speak better by working from the outside-in and focusing on technique, you make bigger, better, quicker and more enjoyable gains from the impulse to expression arising from deep inside you.

语音之旅可能是一段情感之旅。但是，真实地表达自己的快乐会得到千倍的回报。

The voice journey can be an emotional one. But the joy of expressing yourself authentically repays itself a thousand times.

第 4 章

Chapter 4

发现如何呼吸良好

Discovering How to Breathe Well

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

从你的呼吸开始

Beginning with your breathing

寻找你的隔膜

Finding your diaphragm

进入流程

Getting into the flow

将你的呼吸与声音和文字联系起来

Linking your breath to sound and words

我想告诉你一个好消息：你拥有一架精美的管乐器——因为你的声音就是这样。你的发声器官看起来并不特别像管乐器，因为活动部件隐藏在你体内，但你的声音很像小号或单簧管。拥有好嗓子的第一步是了解吹奏乐器的基本知识，这需要以呼吸的形式吸收空气。

I want to give you some good news: you’re the owner of a fine wind instrument – for that’s what your voice is. Your vocal apparatus doesn’t look particularly like a wind instrument because the moving parts are hidden inside you, but your voice works much like a trumpet or a clarinet. The first step towards having a great voice is to know the basics of blowing your instrument, and that takes air in the form of breathing.

发出声音：你的声音是如何工作的

Making a Sound: How Your Voice Works

您的嘴巴和喉咙非常复杂且具有多种用途，既涉及进食，也涉及说话、唱歌、喊叫、哭泣或大笑。但基本的发声过程很简单，一切都始于空气。

Your mouth and throat are complex and multi-purpose, involved in eating as well as in speaking, singing, shouting, crying or laughing. But the basic sound-making process is straightforward, and it all starts with air.

揭开呼吸的神秘面纱：这只是热空气

Demystifying your breath: It’s just hot air

你声音中产生声音的部分非常小。您的声带（也称为声带）是几条横跨颈部喉部的肌肉带。它们很小——大约一到两厘米半长——女性比男性短。这些肌肉振动以发出您的声音。

The part of your voice that creates sound is really small. Your vocal folds (also called vocal cords) are a couple of bands of muscle stretched horizontally across the larynx in your neck. They’re tiny – approximately one to two-and-a-half centimetres long – and shorter in women than in men. These muscles vibrate to produce your voice.

当空气穿过这些褶皱并产生振动时，您就会发出声音，就像风吹过树木时的呼啸声。这就是你的全部声音——只是温暖、振动的空气。我说“只是”；你的声带非常活跃，每秒振动至少 100 次，有时甚至更多。您的声带需要没有张力才能自由振动。如果你的喉咙发紧，你的声带就不能自然振动并承受巨大的身体压力。如果你想发出好的声音，你的声带自由是至关重要的，这意味着你需要放松。在第 5 章中，我分享了放松声音和身体的方法，这样您就可以发出最好的声音。

You produce sound when air passes across these folds and creates a vibration, like the wind whistling through trees. That’s all your voice is – just warm, vibrating air. I say ‘just’; your vocal folds are very active, vibrating at least 100 times per second, sometimes much more. Your vocal folds need to be free from tension in order to vibrate freely. If your throat is tight, your vocal folds can’t vibrate naturally and experience tremendous physical stress. Freedom of your vocal folds is crucial if you want to make good sound, and that means that you need to relax. In Chapter 5, I share ways to relax your voice and body so you can produce the best sound possible.

放大声音

Amplifying the sound

乐器总是有一些放大声音的方法。钟声清晰地响起，因为声音在它的凹形内部回荡。单簧管的末端呈钟形以增强声音。旧留声机有喇叭。（还记得“他主人的声音”中狗听发条留声机的照片吗？）

Instruments always have some means of amplifying the sound. A bell rings clearly because the sound echoes around inside its concave form. A clarinet is bell-shaped at the end to augment the sound. The old gramophone had its sound trumpet. (Remember pictures of ‘His Master’s Voice’ with the dog listening to a wind-up gramophone?)

您的微小声带当然需要一些帮助来提高它们发出的声音，而这正是您的身体发挥作用的地方。当您畅所欲言时，您的声音会在您的头部回响，并在您的胸部和身体的其他部位回响。你的声音音量被放大了很多倍。你的整个身体都参与放大声音，从头到脚，就像吉他或低音提琴的身体。这就是你如何创造出美妙的声音。

Your tiny vocal folds certainly need a bit of help to ramp up the sound they produce, and that’s where your body comes in. When you speak freely, your voice resounds in your head and echoes in your chest and other parts of your body. Your voice’s volume is amplified many times. Your whole body is involved in amplifying sound, from head to toe, like the body of a guitar or a double bass. That’s how you create a great voice.

声音美妙的人与声音微弱的人最大的区别在于他们如何使用呼吸和共鸣空间。

The greatest difference between people with wonderful voices and people with weak voices is in how they use their breath and resonating spaces.

当历史上最伟大的女高音之一玛丽亚·卡拉斯 (Maria Callas) 研究她的手艺时，她常常观察她的宠物金丝雀，看它是如何呼吸的。她被这只鸟用它的整个身体和能量创作美妙歌曲的方式所吸引，她模仿这种技巧创造了自己的声音。如果您观察婴儿哭声、狗吠声或黑猩猩发出声音以保护其领地，您会看到类似的全身参与。在下一节中，您还将了解如何调动全身。

When Maria Callas, one of the greatest sopranos in history, was studying her craft, she used to watch her pet canary to see how it breathed. She was captivated by the way the bird used its whole body and energy to create its wonderful song, and she imitated this technique in creating her own sounds. You can see a similar whole-body engagement if you watch a baby cry, a dog bark or a chimpanzee make sounds to protect its territory. In the following section, you discover how to engage your whole body too.

呼吸入门

Getting Started with Breathing

我不认为你说话时通常会担心空气。如果你和大多数人一样，当他们说话时，你只是想一想然后说出话来——甚至可能只是最后一句话！培养良好的说话能力就是重新发现空气。

I don’t imagine you normally worry much about air when you speak. If you’re like most people when they talk, you merely think and out come the words – or possibly even just the last bit! Developing the ability to speak well is about rediscovering air.

你是呼吸专家。想想看。自他出生之日起，在任何其他学科中有什么权威一直在追求他的专业领域？但是你有。从你发出第一声哭泣的那一刻起，你就一直在呼吸。当你出生时，第一次美妙的呼吸和第一次哭泣是自由而充实的。

You’re something of a breath expert. Think about it. What authority in any other subject has pursued his field of expertise since the day he was born? But you have. From the moment you uttered your first cry, you’ve been breathing. When you were born, that first wonderful breath and that first cry were free and full.

当你说话时，呼吸就是一切。具体来说，呼吸：

Breathing is everything when you speak. Specifically, breathing:

赋予你的话语力量

Gives your words power

使你所说的栩栩如生

Brings life to what you say

维持你发出的声音

Sustains the sounds you make

创造兴趣，让人们想听你说话

Creates interest and makes people want to listen to you

提供声音中情绪强度的基础

Provides the basis of emotional intensity in your voice

提供微妙和深浅的含义

Provides subtlety and shades of meaning

在您交流时充当灵感的生命线

Serves as the life blood of your inspiration when you communicate

呼吸有很多用处！在你发出一个声音之前花时间让你的呼吸顺畅，这对你作为演讲者的进步至关重要。

Breathing has quite a lot going for it! Taking the time to get your breathing working well before you utter a single sound makes all the difference to your progress as a speaker.

幸运的是，您已经知道如何呼吸。很可能您在睡着时呼吸非常好。然而，在生活的压力和紧张中，您的呼吸可能变得浅薄或受限。以下部分可帮助您重新连接呼吸。

Fortunately, you already know how to breathe. Chances are that you breathe really well when you’re asleep. However, in the stresses and tensions of living, your breathing may have become shallow or restricted. The following section helps you reconnect with your breathing.

意识到你的呼吸

Becoming aware of your breathing

如果你渴望拥有一副好嗓子，你只需要通过有意识地注意一段时间来重新发现你的呼吸。以下活动使您的呼吸成为焦点。我在 Track 3 上运行它。

If you aspire to having a great voice, you simply need to rediscover your breathing by bringing it to your conscious attention for a while. The following activity brings your breath into focus. I run through it on Track 3.

1. 在安静的地方静坐或静卧片刻。

1. Sit or lie calmly for a while in a quiet place.

您可以坐在直立的椅子上，也可以平躺在床上或地板上。如果您躺着，请在头下放一个小垫子。如果你坐着，不要低头；而是找到一个舒适的位置。花一些时间安顿下来，享受和平与宁静。

You can sit on an upright chair or lie flat on a bed or on the floor. If you’re lying down, put a small cushion under your head. If you’re sitting, don’t slump; instead find a position that is comfortable. Take a few moments to settle into the peace and quiet.

2. 以一种无所事事的好奇心观察你自然呼吸的波浪。

2. Observe the wave of your natural breathing with a sense of idle curiosity.

考虑一下当你吸气和呼气时实际发生了什么。您在此阶段不尝试更改任何内容。没有判断力！你只想注意发生了什么。问你自己：

Consider what is actually happening as you breathe in and out. You’re not trying to change anything at this stage. No judging! You just want to note what happens. Ask yourself:

• 我最注意身体的哪些部位？

• What parts of my body am I most aware of?

• 当空气进出时，我身体的哪些部位会轻轻移动？

• Which parts of my body gently move as the air moves in and out?

你知道上胸部吗？你的肚子动了吗？肋骨呢——它们有关系吗？你的背部有动静吗？你感觉到空气进入你的鼻子了吗？你的喉咙有感觉吗？

Are you aware of the upper chest? Does your belly move? What about the ribs – are they involved? Is there movement in your back? Do you sense the air entering your nose? Does your throat make itself felt?

3. 精神扫描你的整个身体，注意参与你呼吸的区域。

3. Mentally scan your whole body and pay attention to the areas that are taking part in your breathing.

请注意，仅此而已。继续几分钟或直到您仍然好奇为止。

Just be aware, that is all. Continue for a couple of minutes or for as long as you remain curious.

观察你的呼吸而不试图控制它是一种很好的声音练习。当你完成本章和书中的各种活动时，你会有意识地思考呼吸，但呼吸是一种自然反应，因此从长远来看，有意识地严格控制你的呼吸并不会改善它。要改善呼吸的轻松度和容量，您可以做的最有用的事情就是消除紧张感；那么你的自然反应就可以发挥作用了。

Observing your breathing without trying to control it is a great practice for your voice. While you work through the various activities in this chapter and book, you will be thinking consciously about breathing, but breathing is a natural reflex and therefore consciously trying to impose firm control over your breathing doesn’t improve it in the long run. The most useful thing you can do to improve the ease and capacity of your breathing is to remove tensions; then your natural reflexes are able to do their work.

思维低落

Thinking low

当你为说话而正确地呼吸时，你身体的许多不同部位都会以一种容易协调的方式参与到这个过程中。然而，当您刚开始更加注意自己的呼吸时，您可能会想过分强调使用身体特定部位的任何说明。当你这样做时，呼吸过程会扭曲，你最终会比以前更紧张。例如，如果我说，“深吸一口气！” 或“推出你的肋骨！”，你可能会在这些动作上付出太多的努力，以至于呼吸的其他更微妙但重要的部分都丢失了。

When you breathe correctly for speaking, many different parts of your body are involved in the process in an easy co-ordinated way. However, when you’re just starting to pay greater attention to your breathing, you may be tempted to over-emphasise any instruction to use a particular part of the body. When you do, the breathing process gets distorted and you end up more constricted than before. If for example I say, ‘Take in a really big breath!’ or ‘Push your ribs out!’, you may put so much effort into those actions that other, more subtle, but important parts of breathing are lost.

也就是说，我可以提供一条您可能会觉得特别有用的说明。当你专注于你的呼吸时，以一种友好、好奇的方式低沉思考。注意你的腹部和身体的所有下半部分。这会邀请对支持声音最有用的肌肉发挥作用，同时让声带周围的区域不受呼吸过程的影响。

That said, I can offer one instruction that you’re likely to find particularly useful. As you focus on your breathing, think low – in a friendly, curious way. Pay attention to your abdomen and all the lower part of your body. This invites the muscles that are most useful for supporting the voice to come into play, and at the same time leaves the area around your vocal folds free from getting involved in the breathing process.

重复上一节中的呼吸意识练习，最好是躺着，当然你也可以坐在椅子上。用鼻子轻轻吸气和呼气片刻，然后将注意力转移到呼吸的不同方面。我将带您完成第 4 轨道中的这个练习：

Repeat the breathing awareness practice in the preceding section, preferably lying down, although you can also do it in a chair. Breathe gently in and out through your nose for a few moments, and turn your attention to different aspects of your breathing. I walk you through this exercise in Track 4:

1. 将注意力转移到腹部。

1. Turn your attention to your belly.

如果愿意，可以将手轻轻放在该区域。几次呼吸，注意如何让你的腹部随着吸气轻轻上升，并随着呼气再次下降。

If you like, place your hands lightly on that area. For a few breaths, pay attention to how you can allow your belly to rise gently with the in-breath and fall again with the out-breath.

感受你身体柔软的部分如何随着呼吸舒适地上下移动，在吸气时向上移动你的手，在呼气时向下移动你的手。

Feel how this soft part of your body goes comfortably up and down with the breathing, moving your hands up on the in-breath and down on the out-breath.

2. 把你的肚子想象成一个气球，让它轻轻膨胀，然后再回到原来的位置。

2. Imagine that your belly is a balloon and let it gently expand and then go back to its original position again.

以这种方式重复吸气和呼气数次。保持一切简单易行。你的呼吸很美妙——这就是你说话时需要的呼吸方式。

Repeat breathing in and out in this manner several times. Keep everything simple and easy. You’re breathing beautifully – this is how you need to breathe when you speak.

3. 继续用鼻子吸气，然后开始用嘴呼气——一种舒适而愉悦的叹息。

3. Continue to breathe in through your nose and begin to breathe out through your mouth in a sigh – a sigh of comfort and pleasure.

想想一个晚上，当你忙碌了一天回到家，你倒在沙发上，抬起脚，叹了口气。啊，这太棒了！

Think of an evening when you arrive home after a busy day, and you sink down in the sofa, put your feet up and sigh. Aahh, this is goo-ood!

吸气，然后再次呼气，满足地叹息，发出“啊……”的声音。

Breath in, and out again, with a contented sigh, making an audible ‘Aahh …’.

重复几次。感受每次呼气如何自然地变得更饱满和更长，并在此过程中导致更饱满、更深的吸气。不要强迫它。只要观察它是如何自然发生的。

Repeat a few times. Feel how each out-breath naturally becomes fuller and longer and in the process causes a fuller, deeper in-breath. Don’t force it. Just observe how it happens naturally.

如果您在任何时候感到头晕，只需暂停片刻，直到头晕消失。感到头晕是很自然的，尤其是当您不习惯深呼吸时。您很快就会习惯呼吸练习，不会再感到头晕。

If you feel dizzy at any point, just pause for a few moments until the dizziness passes. Feeling dizzy is quite natural, especially if you’re not used to breathing deeply. You’ll soon get used to the breathing practice and will no longer experience dizziness.

说话的呼吸和生活的呼吸是一样的，只是吸气和呼气的长度不是差不多，你的呼气需要更长，因为声音只有在你呼气时才会产生。当你叹气时，你会自然而然地做出更长的呼气。

Breathing for speaking is the same as for living, only instead of the in-breath and the out-breath being much the same length, your out-breath needs to be longer because sound is produced only when you’re breathing out. You make this longer out-breath naturally when you sigh.

接合你的隔膜

Engaging your diaphragm

关于声音的书籍常常使呼吸声音的过程变得复杂。正如我在前面几节中所描述的，呼吸实际上并不困难。（当然，在本节和后续部分中，我对这个主题还有更多话要说。）

Books about voice often make the process of breathing sound complicated. As I describe in the preceding sections, breathing is actually not difficult. (Of course, I do have more to say on the subject in this and following sections.)

当您在正常对话中说话时，您经常是在与您亲近的人交谈，并且通常不会说很长很长的句子。你对空气的需求不是很大。但是如果你想向更多的听众展示或者说一些更持久或更情绪化的话，你确实需要深呼吸。作为额外的好处，当您呼吸更充分时，您的声音会更好。

When you speak in normal conversations, you’re often speaking to someone close to you and don’t usually talk in long, extended sentences. Your need for air is not very great. But if you want to project to a larger audience or say something more protracted or emotionally charged, you do need to take larger breaths. And as an added bonus, you sound better when you breathe more fully.

你声音的力量取决于你呼吸的力量；声音的质量取决于呼吸的质量。

The power of your voice depends on the power of your breath; the quality of your voice depends on the quality of your breath.

当您感觉到腹部参与呼吸时，横隔膜开始发挥作用。演员和歌手都知道隔膜所起的重要作用。侧边栏“您杰出的隔膜”更详细地检查了这块神奇的肌肉。

When you feel your belly taking part in the action of breathing, your diaphragm is coming into play. Actors and singers are aware of the important role played by the diaphragm. The sidebar ‘Your distinguished diaphragm’ examines this amazing muscle in greater detail.

好好使用你的隔膜并不是要用空气把自己吹得惊人。在 BBC 系列的儿童故事《五个孩子和它》（在美国上映，名为《沙仙》）中，仙女通过伸出眼睛、屏住呼吸和惊人地肿胀来实现愿望。有些演讲者在吸气时看起来很像这个 psammead。幸运的是，说话的呼吸比这简单、温和得多！

Using your diaphragm well is not about blowing yourself up alarmingly with air. In the BBC series of the children’s story Five Children and It, released in the US as The Sand Fairy, the psammead or fairy grants wishes by stretching out its eyes, holding its breath and swelling alarmingly. Some speakers look much like this psammead when they take a breath. Fortunately, breathing for speaking is much simpler and gentler than this!

不要被经常重复的短语“呼吸”误导。当你吸入空气时，你并没有意识到你的身体在移动。相反，你会感觉到你的身体在膨胀。

Don’t be misled by the often-repeated phrase ‘Breathe in.’ You aren’t aware of your body moving in when you take in air. Instead, you feel your body expand out.

我的朋友安妮带着她的同事莎莉一起吃午饭，我们三个人一起度过了愉快的时光。莎莉是个大块头的女人，眼中带着调皮的神情。有一次，她讲了一个非常有趣的笑话，我们都爆发出阵阵笑声。莎莉笑的时候整个人都在颤抖，我们笑得更开心了。当我们终于稍微平静下来时，安妮转过身来微笑着对我说，‘你知道在你的教练中你是怎么谈论横膈膜呼吸的吗？如果人们想知道每一块肌肉都参与其中，那就让他们笑掉大牙。那时他们肯定会感觉到每一个人！所以我把她的绝妙秘诀传给你！

My friend Anne brought her colleague Sally along to lunch, and the three of us had a lively time together. Sally is a large woman with a mischievous look in her eye. At one point, she told a joke that was so funny we all burst into paroxysms of laughter. Sally’s whole body wobbled as she laughed, which made us laugh even more. When we eventually calmed down a little, Anne turned to me with a smile and said, ‘You know how you speak about breathing from the diaphragm in your coaching? If people want to get the idea of every muscle being involved, get them to laugh their heads off. They’ll certainly feel every single one then!’ So I am passing her excellent tip on to you!

保持你的隔膜移动和灵活！如果您渴望拥有平坦、坚硬的腹部，您可能会在那个区域承受很大的压力，这会收缩您的隔膜，使其无法移动。随着时间的推移，您会失去保持隔膜灵活的习惯。这会影响你的呼吸——吸气和呼气——进而影响你的声音，最终甚至影响你的健康和幸福。如果收腹，就无法深吸气，也更难发出悦耳的声音。当你屏住呼吸说话时，让你的腹部向外扩张。享受它的移动能力——它可以舒适地上下移动 12 甚至 15 厘米。

Keep your diaphragm mobile and flexible! If you aspire to be fit with a flat, hard belly, you may carry a lot of tension in that area which constricts your diaphragm so that it’s unable to move. Over time, you lose the habit of keeping your diaphragm flexible. That affects your breathing – both in and out – which in turn affects your voice and eventually even your health and well-being. If you pull your belly in, you can’t breathe in deeply, and you have a harder time making good sounds. Allow your belly to expand outwards as you take a breath to speak. Enjoy its ability to move – it has the potential to move comfortably 12 or even 15 centimetres up and down.

尝试以下练习以获得正确的呼吸感觉，当你使用横隔膜时。一次只练习两到三次呼吸，以获得低呼吸的感觉。

Try the following practices to get the correct sensation of breathing when you engage your diaphragm. Practise just two or three breaths at a time to get the feel of the low breath.

面向墙壁站立。 将手掌放在大约与肩同高的位置，靠在墙上。然后用你的体重稍微靠在墙上，双臂微微弯曲，用力推。当你推动时，吸气和呼气。呼吸时放松肩膀，不要让手臂塌陷。当你在继续推动的同时越来越多地放松你的肩膀时，你会越来越多地感觉到较低的呼吸。这种练习让你对呼吸和下半身的力量之间的联系有一种坚实的感觉。

Stand facing a wall. Place the palms of your hands at about shoulder height against the wall. Then lean a little towards the wall with your weight, with your arms slightly bent, and push firmly. As you push, breathe in and out. Release your shoulders as you breathe, without letting your arms collapse. As you release your shoulders more and more while continuing to push, you increasingly feel the lower breath. This practice gives you a solid sense of the connection between your breath and the power in your lower body.

以平衡的姿势站立 ，双腿分开与肩同宽，脚尖向前。双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前，双手紧握背部，紧紧拥抱自己。从腰部向前弯曲，直到你的背部水平，仍然紧紧地抱住自己。保持膝盖柔软，颈部放松。在这个位置，呼吸。感受下半身各个部位的运动，包括背部和太阳神经丛。轻轻地回到站立姿势。

Stand in a balanced position with your legs shoulder-width apart, toes pointing forward. Cross your arms snugly across your chest and hug yourself tightly with your hands clasping your back. Bend forward from the waist until your back is horizontal, still clasping yourself tightly. Keep your knees soft and neck relaxed. In this position, breathe. Feel the movement in various parts of your lower body, including your back and solar plexus. Come back to a standing position gently.

深吸一口气

Taking full breaths

尽管横膈膜是呼吸最重要的肌肉，但您身体的其他部位也参与该过程。

Although the diaphragm is the most important muscle for breathing, other parts of your body are involved in the process as well.

以下活动为您提供大量有关呼吸的信息，同时刺激您的整个呼吸器官。

The following activity gives you lots of information about your breathing and stimulates your whole breathing apparatus at the same time.

1. 站直，放松，用嘴快速而坚定地叹气，发出“呼”或“呼”的声音，直到呼出所有空气。

1. Stand up tall and relaxed and sigh out firmly and quickly through your mouth, making the sound ‘Hoo’ or ‘Whoo’, until you’ve expelled all your air.

这样做可以排出肺部的所有旧空气，让您吸气更充分。在此过程中不要倒下或无精打采。

Doing so gets rid of all the old air in your lungs and allows you to take a fuller in-breath. Don’t collapse or slouch in the process.

2. 当你的肺里没有空气时，闭上你的嘴，用手指捏住你的鼻子。

2. When your lungs are empty of air, shut your mouth and hold your nose closed with your fingers.

抬起你的胸腔，悬空一两分钟，不要让你的喉咙变硬。你会开始感受到体内巨大真空的压力。

Raise your rib cage and stay in suspension for a moment or two without stiffening up in your throat. You’ll begin to feel the pressure of a large vacuum growing inside you.

在您感到头晕或感到虚弱之前不要勉强自己，而是等到您的身体想要呼吸空气时再做。

Don’t push yourself until you become dizzy or feel weak, but do wait until your body wants to take in air.

3. 松开捏住鼻子的手指，闭上嘴。

3. Release the fingers holding your nose and keep your mouth shut.

让空气通过你的鼻子冲进来，充满真空。

Allow air to rush in through your nose, filling the vacuum.

注意你是如何不必刻意吸气的；空气自然涌入，充满空间。注意空气是如何从各个方向充满空间的——一开始最明显的是在你的腹部，但也有低位，在你的背部和两侧。

Notice how you don’t have to breathe in deliberately; the air rushes in naturally to fill the space. Become aware of how the air fills the space in every direction – most obviously in your abdomen at first, but also low down, in your back and your sides.

意识到与吸气有关的部分或全部部分，包括您的：

Become aware of some or all of the parts that become involved in the in-breath, including your:

• 腹部

• Belly

• 肋骨

• Ribcage

• 下胸部

• Lower chest

• 上胸部

• Upper chest

做几次上述动作，感受参与呼吸的肌肉后，站直，双脚分开约一英尺。

After doing the preceding activity a few times and feeling the muscles that take part in breathing, stand tall and open with your feet about a foot apart.

1. 享受稳定的吸气，当空气充满你时，将你的手臂举到一边并举过头顶。感觉好像充满你的呼吸实际上是在举起你的手臂，而不是相反。

1. Enjoy a steady in-breath, raising your arms out to the side and up above your head as the air fills you. Feel as if the breath filling you is actually raising your arms rather than the other way about.

在你的想象中，当你举起双臂并充满空气时，保持与身体底部的连接。注意你在之前的呼吸练习中使用的身体部位如何在这里发挥作用，从下部肌肉开始，然后你抬起肋骨，最后用胸部更高的空气补充。享受顺滑的感觉。

In your imagination, stay connected with the base of your body grounding you as you raise your arms and fill with air. Notice how the parts of your body you used in the previous breathing practices come into play here too, starting with the lower muscles, then you raise the ribs, and finally top up with air higher in your chest. Enjoy the smooth sensation.

2. 放下手臂时平稳地呼气。反转过程。先放开上胸的气，然后逐渐放低肋骨，最后放开下部的肌肉。听到空气被排出的声音。

2. Breathe out steadily while lowering your arms. Reverse the process. First release the air from your upper chest, then gradually lower your ribs, and finally release your lower muscles. Hear the sound of air being expelled.

当您放下手臂时，请注意空气柱不受任何限制地向上穿过您的身体并通过嘴巴排出。

Become aware of the column of air making its way up through your body and out through the mouth without any restriction as you lower your arms.

本节中的所有活动都有助于鼓励说话时保持良好的呼吸。选择任何可以轻松自然地加深呼吸的练习。没有规定的方法可以做到这一点。如果你发现你有一个最喜欢的，那就比其他人多练习那个。

All the activities in this section help encourage good breathing for speaking. Choose any practices that deepen your breathing easily and organically. There’s no ordained way to do it. If you find that you’ve a favourite, practise that one more than the others.

呼吸交流

Breathing to Communicate

在锻炼了全身深呼吸的能力后，下一步就是稳定地呼气，这样你就可以用语言表达自己了。

After working on your ability to breathe deeply and with your entire body, the next part of the process is to breathe out steadily so that you can express yourself in words.

当您在页面上阅读一个句子时，它由许多不同的词组成

When you read a sentence on the page, it consists of lots of different words

每个之间有一个间隙。

with a gap between each.

但是当你听一个口头句子时，你会听到一股不间断的声音，你的大脑将它分成单独的词并转化为意义。以下部分将您的呼吸与实际传达您的信息联系起来。

But when you listen to a spoken sentence, you hear an unbrokenstreamofsound, which your brain divides into individual words and turns into sense. The following sections link your breathing to actually putting across your message.

产生稳定的气流

Producing a steady stream of air

当您交流想法和感受时，声音会随着表情起伏。这个过程需要稳定的空气流。

As you communicate thoughts and feelings, sound ebbs and flows with expression. This process requires a steady stream of air.

想象一下，您正坐在上面点着一根蜡烛的蛋糕前。你深吸一口气，吹灭了蜡烛——哇！到目前为止，一切都很好。现在想象蛋糕上有 25 支蜡烛，你要一口气把它们全部吹灭。你深吸一口气，继续吹啊吹，直到每支蜡烛都熄灭。呜呜呜呜。如果你一开始就用力吹，你会在吹到最后一根蜡烛之前就气喘吁吁。另一方面，如果你故意屏住呼吸，你就没有足够的空气力量来熄灭蜡烛。你的呼吸必须持续到最后一根蜡烛熄灭，所以你需要让它平稳地流动并保持它的势头直到最后。

Imagine that you’re sitting in front of a cake with one candle on it. You take a breath and blow the candle out – whew! So far so good. Now imagine that the cake has 25 candles on it and you’re going to blow them all out in one breath. You take a nice deep breath and keep blowing and blowing until every candle has gone out. Whooooooooooooo. If you blow with great force at the beginning, you run out of breath before you reach the last candle. If, on the other hand, you deliberately hold your breath back, you’ve insufficient air power to extinguish the candles. Your breath has to last until the very last candle is extinguished so you need to allow it to flow steadily and keep its momentum to the very end.

说话时的呼吸需要像吹灭大量蜡烛一样工作。你深吸一口气，然后让它源源不断地呼出，然后一直持续到你的陈述结束。

Your breathing for speaking needs to work in much the same way as blowing out a lot of candles. You take a good breath in and then allow it to come out in a steady stream, which then lasts to the end of your statement.

你有没有从一片草叶中发出声音？选一片肥厚的草叶，用拇指紧紧夹住，指甲朝向自己，在大拇指中间向下找到小缝隙。把草伸过那个缝隙，吹过缝隙发出声音。（草叶代表声带并说明它们是如何工作的。）当你吹过草地时产生的声音响亮而刺耳，只要你继续吹气就会持续下去。您可以清楚地听到您的呼吸是否顺畅和平稳。如果您在户外，远近的人都会转身寻找刺耳的声音是从哪里来的！

Have you ever made a sound from a blade of grass? Choose a fat blade of grass and hold it tightly between your thumbs, nails facing you, and find the little gap between the thumbs halfway down. Stretch the grass across that gap and blow through the gap to make a sound. (The blade of grass stands in for the vocal folds and illustrates how they work.) The sound produced when you blow through the grass is loud and piercing and continues for as long as you continue to blow. You can hear clearly whether your breath is nice and steady. And if you’re out in the open, people near and far will turn to find out where the piercing sound is coming from!

与其吹口哨穿过一片草叶，不如试试：

Rather than whistling through a blade of grass, you can try:

用你的嘴唇吹口哨，发出一个单一的稳定声音的音符

Whistling using your lips, producing one note with a single steady sound

在竖笛或便士哨子上播放长音；如果你不太用力，这些小乐器只会发出真实的声音

Playing a long sound on a recorder or a penny whistle; these small instruments only make a true sound if you aren’t too forceful

当你吹出空气时，想象你正在发出的声音在物理上以浅弧形远离你，就像慢动作的箭头朝向远处的目标。专注于箭头的目的地——长音的终点。如果您在吹口哨，请尝试将您的手从靠近您的脸的地方逐渐并稳定地移到远处作为伴奏，以帮助您发出稳定的声音。

As you blow out air, imagine that the sound you’re producing is travelling physically away from you in a shallow arc like an arrow in slow motion toward a target in the distance. Focus on the destination of the arrow – the end of your long sound. If you’re whistling, try moving your hand from close to your face gradually and steadily out into the distance as an accompaniment to aid you in making a steady sound.

发出嘶嘶声是另一种稳定声音的好方法。深吸一口气，然后随着“ssssssss”的声音稳定地呼气。您可以清楚地听到声音中的颠簸和中断。和以前一样，想象声音在物理上移动。将一只手举到胸部高度，当你开始发出嘶嘶声时，将你的手从一侧移动到另一侧，形成平滑的水平线，并注意使声音的流畅度与手的动作相匹配。在尝试对“sss”发出嘶嘶声后，您可能想使用“fff”和“shshsh”重复该技巧以获得略有不同的感觉。

Hissing is another great practice for steadying your sound. Take a breath and then breathe out steadily on the sound ‘ssssssss’. You can hear clearly the bumps and interruptions in the sound. As before, think of the sound moving physically. Raise one hand to chest height, and as you start to hiss, move your hand from one side to the other in a smooth horizontal line, and focus on matching the smoothness of your sound to the movement of your hand. After you try hissing on ‘sss’, you may like to repeat the technique using ‘fff’ and ‘shshsh’ for slightly different sensations.

在此练习中，您并没有使用实际的声带来发出声音。声音完全是由逸出的空气产生的，而不是由你的声带产生的。

You aren’t using your actual vocal folds to make a sound in this practice. The sound is created entirely by the escaping air, not by your voice box.

在空中讲话

Speaking on air

为了在你的说话中获得空气流动的感觉，试着用耳语中的空气组成单词。我选择了范妮·斯特恩斯·戴维斯 (Fanny Stearns Davis) 的一首 20 世纪早期诗歌“幽灵”中的诗句来迎合当时的心情。用稳定的气流低声读出文本，只在每行末尾呼吸一次。我保留了原来的标点符号，但每行只吸一口气，让呼吸没有任何间断地流动，同时保持单词的意思。给自己时间在每一行的结尾呼吸新鲜的空气，但不要太长以至于你失去了这首诗的流畅性。您所听到的只是风声——根本听不到声音——但听您说话的人应该能够清楚地辨认出这些话。聆听Track 5，享受幽灵般的氛围！

In order get the sensation of air moving in your speaking, try forming words with air in a whisper. I’ve chosen lines from an early 20th-century poem called ‘Ghosts’ by Fanny Stearns Davis to suit the mood. Whisper the text with a steady stream of air, taking breaths only at the end of each line. I’ve left the original punctuation, but take just one breath per line, and let the breath flow without any hiatus while keeping to the sense of the words. Allow yourself time to take a fresh breath at the end of each line, but not so long that you lose the flow of the poem. All you hear is wind – no voiced sounds at all – but someone listening to you should be able to make out the words clearly. Listen to Track 5 and enjoy the ghostly atmosphere!

我几乎害怕了；虽然我知道夜晚

不让鬼魂在温暖的灯光下行走。

然而有鬼；他们吹，他们吹，

在风和散落的雪中。

当我开窗睡觉时，

鬼魂会进来站在我头上吗？

I am almost afraid; though I know the night

Lets no ghosts walk in the warm lamplight.

Yet ghosts there are; and they blow, they blow,

Out in the wind and the scattering snow.

When I open the windows and go to bed,

Will the ghosts come in and stand at my head?

现在试着再说一遍，但这次在舞台耳语中更加强调，戏剧性地说出一切，就好像你在讲述一个恐怖故事的开始。确保每一行诗的结尾都像开头一样充实而精彩。

Now try speaking the words again, but this time even more emphatically in a stage whisper, saying everything dramatically as if you were telling the start of a horror tale. Make sure that the end of each line of poetry is just at full and exciting as the beginning.

当然，您的目标不是训练您的声音以耳语。这个练习只是练习使用大量空气并感受它移动的一种方式。

Of course, you aren’t aiming to train your voice to whisper. This exercise is just a way to practise using plenty of air and to feel it moving.

将呼吸转化为声音

Turning breath into sound

将呼吸转化为说话就是呼吸工作的全部内容。在提高呼吸能力和一致性后，您可以通过使用所有空气发出连续的完整声音，将呼吸与说话联系起来。加入 Track 6。

Turning your breath into speaking is what breathing work is all about. After developing your breathing capacity and consistency, you link your breathing to speaking by using all that air to make continuous full sounds. Join in to Track 6.

1. 深吸一口气，轻轻闭上嘴唇，开始哼唱“嗯”的声音。

1. Take a breath and begin to hum on the sound ‘mmm’ with your lips gently closed.

这种体验类似于前面“产生稳定的空气流”部分中的吹口哨练习，只是增加了声音。

The experience is similar to the blowing and whistling exercises in the earlier section ‘Producing a steady stream of air’, with the addition of sound.

2. 继续呼吸并哼唱数次呼吸，同时轻轻移动头部、面部、下巴和颈部。

2. Continue to breathe and hum for several breaths while gently moving your head, face, jaw and neck.

轻轻地左右转动脖子。像咀嚼一样移动你的下巴。让你的舌头探索你嘴巴的两侧和顶部。当您轻轻闭上嘴唇时，这些动作应该不会影响持续的嗡嗡声。请注意发出声音所需的努力有多么小。

Turn your neck gently from side to side. Move your jaw as if you’re chewing. Allow your tongue to explore the sides and roof of your mouth. These movements should have no effect on the continuous humming sound as you keep your lips gently closed. Notice how little effort it takes to make the sound.

3. 再吸一口气，让嗡嗡声变成元音。

3. Take another breath and allow the hum to open out into vowel sounds.

从嗡嗡声开始一两秒钟，然后将声音打开为“ow”：“mmm-ow”。想象一下，你要慢慢地吟唱，“现在棕色母牛怎么样？” 但除了最初的嗡嗡声之外没有辅音 - 'mmm-ow-ow-ow-ow'。或者将其视为“mmm-aaa-oo-aaa-oo-aaa-oo-aaa-oo”。在一个舒适的音符上发出元音（这意味着唱歌，但您不需要能够唱歌！）。声音不必很美。只是创造一个长音。

Start with a hum for a second or two, then open the sound out into ‘ow’: ‘mmm-ow’. Imagine that you’re going to intone slowly, ‘How now brown cow?’ but without the consonants apart from the initial hum – ‘mmm-ow-ow-ow-ow’. Or think of it as ‘mmm-aaa-oo-aaa-oo-aaa-oo-aaa-oo’. Intone the vowel sounds on one comfortable note (that means singing, but you don’t need to be able to sing!). The sound doesn’t have to be beautiful. Just create a long sound.

保持呼吸恒定，不要让声音有任何间隙。你的嘴巴在发出“aaa”时保持张开，在发出“oo”的声音时稍微张开。

Keep your breath constant and don’t allow any gaps in the sound. Your mouth stays open for ‘aaa’ and just narrows a little for the ‘oo’ sound.

4. 练习几次后，消除嗡嗡声，开始“a-oo-a-oo-a-oo-a-oo”。

4. After a few practices, eliminate the hum and start with ‘a-oo-a-oo- a-oo-a-oo’.

尝试“mmm-aaa”几次，然后自己“aaa”几次。无论前面是否有嗡嗡声，“aaa”都应该感觉相同。

Try ‘mmm-aaa’ a few times, then ‘aaa’ on its own a few times. The ‘aaa’ should feel the same with or without the hum before it.

当你直接进入“a-oo”的声音时，让起音非常平滑，尽可能在质量上与嗡嗡声相似。您可能很想用声门音开始“aaa” ——从声带发出的一点敲击声——但不要这样做！几次呼吸后，您就可以将声音变成实际的文字了。

When you launch straight into the ‘a-oo’ sound, make the onset really smooth, as similar in quality to the hum as you can. You may be tempted to start the ‘aaa’ with a glottal sound – a little percussive kick from the vocal folds – but don’t! After a few breaths, you’re ready to turn sound into actual words.

5. 再次开始哼唱，但这次用流畅的口语表达：“How-now-brown-cow”。

5. Return to humming again, but this time open up into smooth spoken words: ‘How-now-brown-cow’.

尝试在没有最初的嗡嗡声的情况下说出这句话。通过保持长音“ow”和延长辅音“h”、“n”和“r”来保持声音流畅。想想“Hhaaoo-nnnaaoo-brraaoonn-caaoo”。“brown”的短“b”和“cow”的“c”清脆清晰，不会中断声音的流动。

Try saying the phrase without the initial hum. Keep the sound flowing by maintaining the long ‘ow’ sounds and lengthening the consonants ‘h’, ‘n’ and ‘r’. Think of ‘Hhaaoo-nnnaaoo-brraaoonn-caaoo.’ The short ‘b’ of ‘brown’ and the ‘c’ ‘cow’ are crisp and clear and don’t disrupt the flow of sound.

意识到你发出声音时发生的一切。这不是要把事情做好；这是关于变得好奇。注意你是如何感觉到嘴唇周围发出嗡嗡声的。请注意，当您的双唇张开时，您的嗡嗡声是如何突然变大的。

Become aware of everything that happens as you’re making the sound. It’s not about getting things right; it’s about getting curious. Notice how you feel the hum playing around your lips. Notice how your hum suddenly breaks into more volume as your lips pop apart.

不要太认真地对待这种做法！通过玩乐赋予它内在的生命。想象一下，你在问一头棕色的母牛一个严肃的问题！然后试着说同样的话：

Don’t take this practice too seriously! Give it inner life by having fun. Imagine that you’re asking a brown cow a solemn question! Then try speaking the same words:

欢快地大声

Loudly and joyfully

安静而有目的地

Quietly and purposefully

声音越来越大，并在最后朝着戏剧性的繁荣发展

Growing louder and building towards a dramatic flourish at the end

接近结尾时变得更安静，但让结尾听起来和开头一样重要

Getting quieter towards the end, but making the end sound as important as the beginning

在您用尽“How now brown cow”的戏剧性和刺激性之后，尝试用您更可能在日常环境中使用的短语来表达相同的感受。这里有一些想法：

After you’ve exhausted the drama and excitement of ‘How now brown cow’, try creating the same feelings in a phrase that you’re more likely to use in an everyday setting. Here are a few ideas:

这就是方法！

This is the way!

肯定是那个！

That one for sure!

趴在地上！

Down on the ground!

这个给你！

This is for you!

你也可以选择你自己的短句——在某些情况下对你有意义的句子。记住要在声音中没有间隙地画出短语，并有意义地讲出来。

You can also choose your own short sentence – one that makes sense to you in some context. Remember to draw out the phrase with no gaps in the sound, and speak it with meaning.

有声有呼吸的演戏

Play-Acting with Sound and Breathing

当您本着玩耍的精神来处理本节中的练习时，它们都会更有效。享受它们，如果出现问题，请不要担心；这就是整个过程的一部分。

The practices in this section all work better when you approach them in a spirit of play. Enjoy them and don’t worry if things go wrong; that’s all part of the process.

变大和戏剧化

Getting big and theatrical

通过将我在前面“完全呼吸”部分中描述的呼吸练习与充满活力的句子相结合，继续探索你的戏剧模式。当你充满空气时，逐渐将你的手臂向侧面抬起并举过头顶，首先是在你的腹部，然后是你的肋骨和背部，最后是你的上胸部。想象一下，当你举起双臂时，你的兴奋正在增强，当你的双臂达到最高点时，给它们一个额外的繁荣，然后直接说出一些快乐的句子——下面的一个或你自己自信地响起的任何句子:

Continue to explore your dramatic mode by combining the breathing practices I describe in the earlier section ‘Taking full breaths’ with an energetic sentence. Gradually raise your arms out to the side and up above your head as you fill with air, first in your belly, then your ribs and back and finally your upper chest. Imagine that as you raise your arms, your excitement is building, and when your arms reach the highest point, give them an extra flourish and burst straight into some joyful sentence – one of the following or any sentence of your own that rings out with confidence:

我站在世界之巅！

I’m on the top of the whole world!

事情就是这样！

That’s the way it’s going to be!

听这个，它响亮而重要！

Listen to this, it’s loud and important!

为你、我和所有人干杯！

Here’s to you and me and everyone!

确保呼吸直接进入单词，吸气和声音之间没有中断。我在第 10 章中详细解释了这种技巧如何帮助你的声调。这些词应该与你双手在头顶上方的挥舞相吻合。

Ensure that the breath leads straight into the words with no hiatus between in-breath and vocal sound. I explain more about how this technique helps your vocal tone in Chapter 10. The words should coincide with the flourish of your hands above your head.

给自己惊喜

Surprising yourself

每当你感到震惊或吃惊时，吸气就很容易发生。您可以与朋友或同事一起进行以下练习。你需要进入一个轻松愉快的心态——不要太努力！

The in-breath happens easily whenever you’re shocked or surprised. You can do the following practice with a friend or colleague. You need to get into a light-hearted frame of mind – no trying too hard!

面对面站着或坐着，相隔几英尺。A 拍手。就在那一刻，乙注意到甲或周围的情况，突然表现出惊讶或震惊，立即自发地说话。说完一句话后，B 开始鼓掌，A 立即做出反应。一场（某种形式的）对话随之而来。

Stand or sit facing each other, a few feet apart. Person A claps his or her hands. At that very moment, Person B notices something about Person A or the surroundings and acts suddenly surprised or shocked, speaking immediately and spontaneously. After saying a statement, Person B gets to clap and Person A reacts immediately. A conversation (of sorts) ensues.

这种做法可能会像下面这样运行：

This practice may run something like the following:

A 鼓掌。

Person A claps.

乙：你剪头发了！

Person B: You’ve cut your hair!

B 鼓掌。

Person B claps.

人A：你看起来好极了！

Person A: You’re looking amazingly well!

人A鼓掌。

Person A clap.

乙：你的办公桌怎么了？！

Person B: What’s happened to your desk?!

B 鼓掌。

Person B claps.

人 A：你今天穿蓝色衣服！

Person A: You’re wearing blue today!

A 鼓掌。

Person A claps.

B 人：你已经摆脱了你的法拉利！

Person B: You’ve got rid of your Ferrari!

鼓掌的目的是让下一个评论突然发生。不要担心评论是否有意义，可以随意采取行动。如果你愿意，你可以等几秒钟再鼓掌，让对方保持警觉。随着您的“对话”继续进行，当您突然开口说话时，聆听声音的自由。这种做法提醒您，有许多不同的方法可以很好地呼吸。我将在第 10 章中详细介绍它们。

The idea of the clapping is to make the next comment happen suddenly. Don’t worry about the comments making sense and feel free to act over the top. You can wait a few seconds before clapping if you like, to keep the other person on his or her toes. As your ‘conversation’ continues, listen to the freedom of the sound when you burst into speech. This practice reminds you that there are many different ways to take a good breath. I look at more of them in Chapter 10.

像演员一样朗朗上口

Declaiming like an actor

交流涉及的不仅仅是随机的短语和感叹。您还需要用较长的句子测试您的呼吸，如第 7 轨所示。莎士比亚是这类材料的重要来源。他戏剧中的许多演讲都是用抑扬格五音步 诗体写成的——由带有五个重音的台词组成。因为台词的长度相似，呼吸的间隔大致相等，所以莎士比亚的演讲是练习呼吸的好方法。

Communication involves more than random short phrases and exclamations. You also need to test your breathing in longer sentences, as Track 7 illustrates. Shakespeare is a great source for this type of material. Many speeches in his plays are written in iambic pentameter verse – consisting of lines with five stresses in them. Because the lines are of similar length and the breaths happen at more or less equal intervals, Shakespearean speech makes good practice for breathing.

抑扬格五步诗的基本节奏是di dum di dum di dum di dum di dum 。节奏并不总是那么规律，但你总能在每行中找到五个重音。

The basic rhythm in iambic pentameter verse is di dum di dum di dum di dum di dum. The rhythm isn’t always quite as regular as that, but you always find five stresses in each line.

尽管您可以以多种不同的方式背诵莎士比亚，但作为一种呼吸练习，可以用完整的声音朗读台词，并发出类似于您练习说“How-now-brown-cow?”的方式。在上一节“将呼吸转化为声音”中。

Although you can recite Shakespeare in many different styles, as a breathing exercise declaim the lines in a full voice with joined up sounds similar to the way you practise saying ‘How-now-brown-cow?’ in the previous section ‘Turning Breath into Sound.’

想象一下，你是一位正值巅峰时期的著名演员。站起来，摆出架子，在文字中加入大量戏剧元素——既是为了享受体验，也是因为这样做有助于呼吸！

Imagine that you’re a famous actor at the height of your powers. Stand up, give yourself airs and put plenty of drama into the words – both for your enjoyment of the experience and because doing so helps your breath!

找出您最喜欢的莎士比亚戏剧中某个角色所说的 10 到 15 行段落，或使用以下内容，理查二世国王理查德在忧郁的情绪中讲话。

Find your own favourite 10- to 15-line passage spoken by a character in a Shakespearean play, or use the following, where King Richard speaks in melancholy mood in Richard II.

看在上帝的分上，让我们席地而坐

，讲述国王逝世的悲惨故事；

有些人是如何被免职的；有些人在战争中阵亡，

有些人被他们驱除的鬼魂所困扰；

有些人被他们的妻子毒死了：有些人在睡觉时被杀了；都被谋杀了：因为在围绕着国王凡人庙宇的

空心王冠内，死亡是他的宫廷，而滑稽的人就坐在那里，嘲笑他的地位，对他的浮华咧嘴笑，让他呼吸，一个小场景，为了君主化，成为恐惧，用眼神杀死他，让他充满自我和自负，就好像这围在我们生活周围的肉体，是坚不可摧的黄铜，最后幽默就这样来了，用一根小别针



















钻穿他的城墙，告别国王！

For God’s sake, let us sit upon the ground

And tell sad stories of the death of kings;

How some have been deposed; some slain in war,

Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed;

Some poison’d by their wives: some sleeping kill’d;

All murder’d: for within the hollow crown

That rounds the mortal temples of a king

Keeps Death his court and there the antic sits,

Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,

Allowing him a breath, a little scene,

To monarchize, be fear’d and kill with looks,

Infusing him with self and vain conceit,

As if this flesh which walls about our life,

Were brass impregnable, and humour’d thus

Comes at the last and with a little pin

Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!

练习时，在每行结尾深吸一口气。第一次练习时不要一次性读完整篇演讲稿；一次只处理三到四行。在每行中使用所有空气，以便您觉得下一行需要新鲜的呼吸。当感觉从一行跑到下一行时，仍然花时间在行的末尾呼吸，但让思想在你的脑海中持续到下一行。如果一行中途有标点符号，慢慢来感受停顿，但不要换口气。

For the practice, take a breath at the end of each line. Don’t read the whole speech at once the first time you practice; just work on three or four lines at a time. Use all your air in each line so that you feel that you need the fresh breath for the next line. When the sense runs over from one line to the next, still take the time to breathe at the end of the line, but keep the thought continuing in your mind through to the next line. If there’s punctuation half-way through a line, feel the pause by taking your time, but don’t take a new breath.

把船推出去

Pushing the boat out

如果您观看救生艇从坡道下水的新闻剪辑或视频，就会发现救生艇在跑道上加速后进入水中并以强劲的运动前进的时刻。击中水的点不会突然颠簸；它的影响只是强大平稳运动的中心部分。

If you watch news clips or video of a lifeboat being launched down a ramp, there’s a moment when the boat, having gathered speed down the runway, goes into the water and forward in a powerful movement. The point of hitting the water provides no sudden jolt; its impact is just the central part of a powerful smooth movement.

当你开始莎士比亚的每一行时，想想这个形象。每行都无情地走向它的末尾，在行末附近有一个或多个强有力的词。在你说话的时候，在心里瞄准粗体字，当你到达这些字时，不要摇晃它们，而是用力抚摸它们，就好像你的“救生艇”还有更远的地方一样。粗体字提醒您在脑海中瞄准每一行的结尾。

Think of this image as you start each line of Shakespeare. Each line moves inexorably towards its end, with a strong word or words near the end of the line. As you speak, aim mentally for the words in bold, and when you reach those words, don’t jolt them, but stroke them firmly as if your ‘lifeboat’ had farther to go. The words in bold remind you to aim for the end of each line in your mind.

如果有帮助，请像我一样标记这些行，在每行的末尾打勾以提醒您喘口气，并在行中间的标点符号下方画一条线以提醒您感觉到微小的停顿但允许空气不停地流动，没有呼吸。

If it helps, mark the lines as I have, with a tick at the end of each line to remind you to take a breath, and a line under the punctuation in the middle of a line to remind you to sense the little pause but allow the air to keep flowing without a breath.

看在上帝的份上，让我们坐在地上，

讲述国王逝世的悲惨故事； 有些人是如何被罢免的；有些人在战争中阵亡，有些人被他们驱除的 鬼魂缠绕；

For God’s sake, let us sit upon the ground

And tell sad stories of the death of kings;

How some have been deposed; some slain in war,

Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed;

莎士比亚的语言更加生动和戏剧化，可能看起来不像你每天说话的方式。但是，将莎士比亚的力量和方向带入日常陈述中，它们听起来更有力量而不是夸大其词。

Shakespearean language is heightened and dramatic and may not seem much like the way you speak every day. But take that Shakespearean strength and direction into everyday statements, and they can sound more powerful rather than overblown.

记得呼吸！

Remembering to breathe!

当然，您要记得在开始说话之前先呼吸一下！但是很容易忘记在每行或每句话的末尾有规律地呼吸。

Of course you’re going to remember to breathe before you start speaking! But it is surprisingly easy to forget to breathe regularly at the end of each line or sentence.

在之前使用莎士比亚诗歌的练习中，无论是否需要，你都会在每一行的末尾深呼吸。对于这个练习（以及在现实生活中），你的呼吸需要成为整体节奏的一部分，所以你不会像一开始那样拥有所有的时间。

In the previous practices using Shakespearean verse, you take a breath at the end of each line, whether you need it or not. For this exercise (and in real life), your breath needs to be part of the rhythm of the whole, so you don’t have all the time in the world as you do at the outset.

就像当你呼气并在胸腔仍然打开的情况下捏住鼻子时所产生的真空一样（参见前面的“充分呼吸”部分），当你说话时需要呼吸时，你希望空气能够轻松快速地进入肺部 –无需刻意吸气。您在这里需要这种技能。

Just like the vacuum you create when you breathe out and hold your nose with your rib cage still open (see the earlier section ‘Taking full breaths’), you want air to enter your lungs easily and rapidly when you need a breath in speaking – without any necessity to deliberately breathe in. You need that skill here.

当你说出一句台词的最后一个字并用尽所有的空气时，你的肋骨仍然张开，你还没有紧张。在你完成最后一个词的那一刻，你可以打开你的鼻子和嘴巴的通道，空气涌入，为下一行做好准备。这项技术需要一些练习，但它是一项非常值得掌握的技能。

When you say the last word of a line and have used all your air, your rib cage is still open and you haven’t tensed up. At the moment you complete that last word, you can open the passageway of your nose and mouth, and air floods in, ready for the next line. This technique takes a bit of practice but it’s a skill well worth acquiring.

当你的胸腔仍然张开，空气排空时，感觉就像你体内的真空。在这一点上，让自己再次充满空气，因为你的身体想要这样做。以这种方式呼吸比刻意努力吸气更像是释放。

When you’re empty of air with your rib cage still open, it feels like a vacuum inside you. At this point, just allow yourself to fill again with air because your body wants to. Breathing in this way feels more like releasing than deliberately making an effort to breathe in.

不要随意陈述或莎士比亚的诗句，而是说一些你在一天中通常可能想到的东西，也许是在会议上或在向某人发出指示时。当你看到一个滴答声时，同样深吸一口气，加入你的声音并瞄准终点，就像你在上一节中对莎士比亚所做的那样。提出您自己的陈述或使用以下内容：

Rather than random statements or Shakespearean verse, say something you’re likely to come up with normally in the course of your day, maybe at a meeting or while giving instructions to someone. Take the same good breath when you see a tick, join up your sound and aim towards the end, just as you did with Shakespeare in the preceding section. Come up with your own statements or use the following:

热烈欢迎大家参加今天

关于新公司政策和方向的会议。

I’d like to warmly welcome you all to today’s meeting

on the new company policy and direction.

您会发现越来越多的新 ap

将帮助您更好地跟踪您的记录。

You’ll find the growing number of new aps

will help you to keep better track of your records.

现在从一些熟悉的材料中摘取一段较长的文章，例如报告，或报纸或杂志中的文章。用铅笔在你要呼吸的地方做记号，并应用你在莎士比亚身上使用的技巧。

Now take a longer passage from some familiar material, such as a report, or a passage from a newspaper or magazine. Mark in with pencil ticks where you’re going to breathe, and apply the technique you used for Shakespeare.

第 5 章

Chapter 5

重新发现放松

Rediscovering Relaxation

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

为身体的每个部位带来放松

Bringing relaxation to every part of your body

找到你的平衡和理想的姿势

Finding your balance and ideal posture

联系动作和说话

Linking movement and speaking

我贯穿本书的口头禅归结为一个词：放松。关于你声音的一切都取决于一个放松的身体，它可以自由地发出你的声音。这就是为什么我写了一整章的主题！说得好最重要的因素是你的呼吸（见第 4 章），而只有灵活、放松的身体才能很好地呼吸。如果你太紧了，你的声音就不会好听。在接下来的部分中，我探索了几种释放紧张、重新发现放松并让你的身体准备好支持有效演讲的方法。

M y mantra throughout this book comes down to a single word: relax. Everything about your voice depends upon a relaxed body that is free to make your sound ring out. That’s why I’ve written a whole chapter on the subject! The most important element for speaking well is your breath (see Chapter 4), and breath only works well with a flexible, relaxed body. If you’re at all tight, you won’t sound good. In the following sections, I explore several ways to release tension, rediscover relaxation, and ready your body to support effective speaking.

放松与颓废或完全屈服不同。真正的放松是对立面的有力结合：静止与运动、内心的平静与活力、平静与力量。

Relaxing is not the same as slumping or completely giving way. True relaxation is a potent mix of opposites: stillness and movement, inner calm and energy, peace and power.

乍一看，本章对身体的关注对于一本关于声音的书来说似乎很奇怪。但正如伟大的波兰戏剧导演耶日·格洛托夫斯基告诉他的学生：“身体必须首先工作。然后是声音。

At first this chapter’s focus on the body may seem odd for a book about the voice. But as the great Polish theatre director Jerzy Grotowski told his students: ‘The body must work first. Afterwards comes the voice.’

为美好的声音寻找自由

Finding Freedom For a Fine Sound

您的声带很小，它们自己不会产生太多声音。但是它们的振动会产生声波，当它们在您身体的骨腔周围产生共振时，声波会被放大和再放大。这需要自由。自由赋予您声音的力量和品质。

Your vocal folds are small and on their own don’t produce much sound. But their vibration sets up sound waves that become amplified and re-amplified as they resonate around the bony cavities of your body. This requires freedom. Freedom is what gives your voice power and quality.

当我还是一名学生时，我遇到了一位年轻的音乐家，他刚刚获得了他的第一份职业演出，在巴斯国际音乐节的表演中演奏打击乐。他的第一件乐器是三角形。现在，三角形对我来说甚至都不像一个严肃的乐器。我在幼儿学校演奏的乐器一模一样！但是我没有告诉我的朋友；他感受到了自己责任的重担。演出当晚，庞大的管弦乐队和雄壮的音乐给我留下了深刻的印象。但我主要关注的是我的朋友，他拿着他的三角牌，紧张地数着条数。最后，在高潮中，他举起三角绳并击打它。然后它让我震惊——那根简单的弦的力量使三角形的声音能够响亮而清晰地回响到剧院最远的角落。就我而言，我朋友发出的共振、优美的声音出尽了风头！

When I was a student I met a young musician who had just secured his first professional gig to play percussion in a performance for the Bath International Music Festival. His instrument for the first piece was the triangle. Now, the triangle doesn’t even look like a serious instrument to me. I played exactly the same instrument in infant school! But I didn’t tell my friend that; he was feeling the weight of his responsibility. On the evening of the performance, I was impressed with the large orchestra and the heroic music. But my main focus was my friend, holding his triangle and nervously counting the bars. Finally, in the climax, he raised the triangle on its string and struck it. And then it struck me – the power of that simple piece of string that enables a triangle’s sound to resonate to the farthest corners of the theatre, loud and clear. The resonant, beautiful sound my friend produced stole the show as far as I was concerned!

三角形只会因为它松散地悬挂而产生回响——因为它可以自由地产生共振。每种乐器都需要自由振动。铃铛必须挂起；如果你抓住它的边缘然后敲击它，它会发出难看的金属咔哒声。一个巨大的锣挂在电线上。小提琴、大提琴、吉他或钢琴的琴弦都必须不受束缚，才能自由振动。

A triangle only reverberates because it hangs loosely – because it is free to resonate. Every musical instrument needs freedom to vibrate. A bell has to be suspended; if you grab it by the rim and then strike it, it produces an ugly metallic clack. A giant gong hangs on wires. The strings of a violin, cello, guitar or piano must all be unrestricted so that they can vibrate freely.

你的声音是一样的；它需要自由，而自由对您的身体而言意味着放松。你的声音产生的声波在你身体的中空骨腔中产生共鸣：胸部、咽部、嘴巴、鼻子、面部和头部。将您的身体想象成与小提琴或大提琴琴身类似的功能。仅当没有任何东西被紧握或握紧时才会发生振动。然后共振腔振动，产生自己的谐波，从而放大原始声音。

Your voice is the same; it needs freedom, and that in terms of your body means relaxation. The sound waves set up by your voice resonate in the hollow bony cavities of your body: the chest, pharynx, mouth, nose, face and head. Think of your body as functioning in a similar way to the body of a violin or cello. The vibration only happens if nothing is gripped or held tightly. The resonating cavities then vibrate, producing their own harmonics, which amplify the original sounds.

您需要放松，以便声音在您的全身振动。只有身体自由，你的声音才能发出所有的声音。再大的推力或力气也无法让您发出美妙的声音。如果您的声音可以自由振动，它就会发出听起来饱满而充满活力的声波。

You need to be relaxed in order for sound to vibrate throughout your body. Only with freedom in the body can your voice ring out in all its magnificence. No amount of pushing or force is going to give you a great voice. If your voice has freedom to vibrate, it sets up sound waves that sound full and vibrant.

准备好你的身体说话

Readying Your Body to Speak

当你说话的时候，你可能不会过多地考虑你的身体。也许您认为您的脑子里已经具备了对话所需的一切：您在脑中想出要说的话，用鼻子呼吸，然后从嘴里说出来。任务完成！

You may not think much about your body when you speak. Perhaps you think that you have all you need for conversation in your head: you think of something to say in your brain, you breathe through your nose and the words come out of your mouth. Job done!

剧作家艾伦·贝内特 (Alan Bennett) 的Talking Heads (1987) 是为 BBC 编写的一系列戏剧独白。每集都有一个不起眼的单一角色，只是在谈论他或她的生活。什么都没发生。但对于听众来说，这种体验是迷人的：浓郁的戏剧性、情感和辛酸都存在于表面之下和字里行间，在人物如何说出他们所说的——以及他们没有说出的话中。在线查看（或重温）贝内特的独白；您可以找到 Bennett 和其他人表演这些作品的数十个视频和音频片段。

Playwright Alan Bennett’s Talking Heads (1987) was a series of dramatic monologues written for the BBC. Each episode featured an unremarkable single character just talking about his or her life. Nothing really happened. But for the listener, the experience was captivating: full-bodied drama, emotion and poignancy were all there beneath the surface and between the lines in how the characters said what they said – and in what they left unsaid. Check out (or revisit) Bennett’s monologues online; you can find dozens of video and audio clips of Bennett and others performing the pieces.

你的声音有点像贝内特的独白。从表面上看，通过你的声音表达自己似乎是一项“头等工作”，从你嘴里说出来的话。但是，让您所说的话充满活力的一切——您的决心、激情、情感和直觉——都来自颈部以下，您身体的能量。

Your voice is a bit like Bennett’s monologues. On the surface, expressing yourself via your voice appears to be a ‘head job’, the words that come out of your mouth. But everything that gives life to what you say – your determination, passion, emotions and gut instincts – comes from below the neck, in the energy of your body.

很多人说话时只用上半身。他们在上胸部浅呼吸，专注于思考而不是感觉，并在喉咙里发出声音。结果，他们的声音听起来干巴巴的，或者紧张而紧张的。将你的意识缩小到头脑中的想法会在这个过程中缩小你的声音。

Many people use just the top half of their bodies when they speak. They breathe shallowly in their upper chests, focus on thinking rather than feeling and produce sound in their throats. As a result, their voices come out dry and flat, or tight and strained. Narrowing your awareness to just the thinking in your head narrows your voice in the process.

你的声带依靠周围的自由度来正常振动（见第 4 章）。穿过褶皱的空气取决于它对你呼吸肌的动量，只有当它们不以其他方式支撑你的身体时，它们才会自由运作。如果他们承担了这项工作并放弃了他们在呼吸中的作用，那么您的颈部肌肉就会接管并紧张起来以排出空气。这种紧张使您的声音紧绷和紧张。

Your vocal cords rely on surrounding freedom to vibrate properly (see Chapter 4). The air passing across the folds depends for its momentum on your breathing muscles, which only operate freely if they’re not otherwise engaged in holding up your body. If they take on that job and abandon their role in breathing, then your neck muscles take over and tense up in an effort to push out the air. This tension makes your voice tight and strained.

说话既是一种智力追求，也是一种体力活动。想想让你的身体参与到演讲中，就像你热身并让你的身体参与一场高尔夫球或网球比赛一样。以下部分将指导您进行简单的热身，让您身体的每个部位都为演讲做好准备。

Speaking is as much a physical activity as an intellectual pursuit. Think of getting your body involved in speaking, much as you would warm up and involve your body in a round of golf or a game of tennis. The following sections guide you through simple warm-ups to get every part of your body ready for speaking.

释放你身体的每一个部分

Freeing up every part of your body

许多人通过忽略某些肌肉和过度使用其他肌肉来补偿，从而使他们在说话时付出两倍的努力。你身体的每个部分都参与到良好的演讲中，你越灵活，这个过程就越协调，你的声音就越好。

Many people work twice as hard as they need to when they speak by neglecting certain muscles and over-using others to compensate. Every part of your body is involved in speaking well, and the more mobile you are, the better co-ordinated the process and the better you sound.

第一步，让自己自由地说话，是检查身体每个部位是否紧张——然后释放你发现的任何紧绷感。在寻找和缓解紧张时，使用以下部分来指导您通过整个身体。我从脊柱开始，然后沿着身体向下运动。声带周围的重要肌肉有自己的特殊部分，后来称为“声带周围的放松”。

The first step, to free yourself up for speaking, is to check for tension in each part of your body – and then release any tightness you discover. Use the following sections to guide you through your entire body as you search out and alleviate tension. I start with the spine and work down the body. The important muscles around the vocal cords have their own special section later called ‘Relaxing around your vocal cords’.

以下练习是关于释放身体，而不是使它紧张！按照说明进行操作时请放轻松，并将“放松”一词牢记在心。如果您意识到自己在做什么，即使是最小的动作也可以。只做舒服的事。

The following exercises are about freeing the body, not straining it! Take it easy as you follow the instructions and keep the word ‘relax’ in the forefront of your mind. Even the smallest movement is fine if you make it with an awareness of what you’re doing. Do only what is comfortable.

脊柱

Spine

您的脊柱是您身体的结构基础并支撑您的框架。您的脊柱对您的呼吸至关重要，它支持您的声音。它甚至承载神经系统，因此脊柱的状态也会影响您的感觉和思考方式。

Your spine is the structural foundation of your body and supports your frame. Your spine is essential to your breathing, which supports your voice. It even carries the nervous system, so the state of your spine affects how you feel and think as well.

您可能从小就被教导，强壮的脊柱是挺直且不弯曲的。不是这样！强壮的脊柱实际上是灵活的。

You may have been taught from a young age that a strong spine is ramrod straight and unbending. Not so! A strong spine is actually mobile and flexible.

轻轻 探索脊柱的运动范围。坐着、站着，甚至仰卧着，温柔地向各个方向、侧身、旋转、前后滚动地伸展脊柱，就像一只爬行的毛毛虫。任何小的流体运动都是好的。感觉脊柱的僵硬松弛了。

Gently explore your spine’s range of motion. Sitting, standing or even lying on your back, tenderly stretch your spine in all directions, sideways, in rotation, and forwards and backwards in a rolling motion like a crawling caterpillar. Any small fluid movement is good. Feel the spine’s stiffness loosen.

肩膀

Shoulders

您的肩膀通常是您最先注意到紧张迹象的地方之一，紧绷的肩膀会对您的声音立即产生负面影响。花点时间释放它们，从你的手和手臂开始，然后将注意力转移到你的肩膀上。

Your shoulders are often one of the first places you notice signs of tension, and tight shoulders have an instant negative effect on your voice. Take your time to release them, starting with your hands and arms and then moving your attention to your shoulders.

1.双手在身体两侧用力摇动片刻，动作逐渐变小但不要变慢。

1. Shake your hands energetically by your sides for a few moments, gradually making the movements smaller but not slower.

2. 吸气时将肩膀抬高，然后呼气时放松，让它们在自身重量的作用下落回自然位置。重复几次。

2. Raise your shoulders high while breathing in, then let go on the out-breath and allow them to fall down under their own weight to their natural position. Repeat a few times.

3. 用你的右臂做两个或三个大圆圈，然后用你的左臂，感受每只手臂在向下运动时的重量。

3. Make two or three big circles with your right arm and then your left, feeling the weight of each arm on the downward movement.

4. 再次摆动双臂，这次更多地涉及肩膀。

4. Swing your arms in circles again, and this time involve your shoulders more.

5. 向各个方向摆动肩膀。

5. Wiggle your shoulders all over the place in every direction.

6. 将你的右手举到身前，就好像你在拿出一件小礼物。请注意，您可以在释放右肩的紧张感的同时进行此动作。用你的左手重复。

6. Raise your right hand in front of you as though you’re holding out a small gift. Notice that you can do this action at the same time as releasing tension in your right shoulder. Repeat with your left hand.

肩部紧张会抑制您的呼吸并收紧您的声音，因此请注意这些迹象 – 尤其是当您在电脑前坐了一段时间或度过了紧张的一天时。时不时给你的肩膀一个友好的摆动！

Shoulder tension inhibits your breathing and tightens your voice, so watch out for the signs – especially when you’ve sat at your computer for a while or had a stressful day. Give your shoulders a friendly wiggle every now and then!

肋骨

Rib cage

您可能会认为您的胸腔是骨骼、软骨和其他结缔组织的固定集合，但整个区域具有惊人的活动性，并且在您呼吸时需要灵活。如果你僵硬地抬起胸腔来增加呼吸能力，你最终只会收紧上胸部和腹部，这会给你带来更少的呼吸空间而不是更多。

You may think of your rib cage as a stationary collection of bones, cartilage and other connective tissues, but this entire area has surprising mobility, and needs to be flexible when you breathe. If you hold your rib cage stiffly up to increase your breathing capacity, you only end up tightening your upper chest and stomach, which gives you less space to breathe rather than more.

相反，呼吸时感受肋骨的活动度。

Instead, feel the mobility of your ribs as you breathe.

1. 吸气时抬起肋骨，呼气时再次放低肋骨。

1. Raise your ribs as you breathe in and lower them again as you breathe out.

随着轻柔的动作，感觉整个胸腔向外扩张。

Feel your whole rib cage expand outwards with the gentle movement.

2. 在吸气和抬高胸腔的动作中包括背部，肋骨与脊柱的连接处。

2. Include your back where your ribs connect to your spine in the action of breathing in and raising your rib cage.

在这个过程中你的肩膀会稍微移动，但不要故意抬起你的肩膀或让它们变硬。

Your shoulders move a bit during the process, but don’t deliberately raise your shoulders or allow them to stiffen.

隔膜

Diaphragm

横膈膜是一块有力的肌肉，但说话时需要灵活。我将在第 4 章中更详细地讨论这块与呼吸相关的肌肉。

The diaphragm is a powerful muscle, but it needs to be flexible when you speak. I discuss this muscle in more detail in relation to breathing in Chapter 4.

想象一只狗在炎热的天气里喘着粗气。快速的吸气和呼气的长度相同，并且相互平衡。气喘吁吁，开始时相当缓慢，然后加快速度。同时，移动你的脖子和肩膀，确保你在那里是自由的。越注意放松，越容易气喘吁吁。继续几秒钟，随着隔膜上下移动，感觉你的肚子上下摆动。

Picture a dog panting in hot weather. The fast in-breath and the out-breath are the same length and balance each other. Pant yourself, starting quite slowly and then speeding up. At the same time, move your neck and your shoulders to make sure that you’re free there. The more you pay attention to relaxing, the easier panting becomes. Continue for a few seconds, feeling your tummy wobble in and out as your diaphragm moves up and down.

当您感到紧张时，您的隔膜往往会收缩。不幸的是，这种收缩可能会在您想说话并试图放松的同时发生。您最终会同时向两个方向拉动隔膜，结果它被卡住，无法向 任何方向移动。

Your diaphragm tends to contract when you feel nervous. Unfortunately, this contraction may happen at the very same time that you want to speak and are attempting to relax it. You end up with the diaphragm pulling in two directions simultaneously and, as a result, it gets stuck and can’t move in any direction.

如果您感觉隔膜被锁在原位、局促或刚刚断开，请花点时间想想喘息的灵活运动。这样你就可以保持与下半身的连接。

If your diaphragm feels locked in place, cramped or just disconnected, take a few moments and think of the flexible movement of panting. That way you can stay connected to your lower body.

骨盆

Pelvis

许多人紧紧抓住他们的骨盆。在走路时摆动身体并不流行，但现在就这样做：在房间里走来走去，让你的骨盆大摇大摆地左右摆动。沿着外面的人行道行走时，也要练习骨盆摆动！您也可以原地站立，将骨盆想象成一个盛水的桶，您可以随意晃动。当您停下来时，水会静止在水桶的中央。

Many people hold their pelvis tightly. It’s not much in fashion to put a wiggle in your walk, but do that now: walk up and down the room and let your pelvis swing from side to side in a swagger. Practise the pelvic swing as you walk along the pavement outside too! You can also stand on the spot, and picture the pelvis as a bucket containing water, which you slosh around freely. When you come to rest, the water becomes still in the centre of the bucket.

腿、膝盖和脚

Legs, knees and feet

夹紧的双腿和锁住的膝盖会在您的整个身体中产生巨大的张力，沿着您的脊椎向上延伸到您的喉咙。死于好声音！

Clamped legs and locked knees create enormous tension throughout your whole body, running up your spine and to your throat. Death to a good voice!

在你开始说话之前，请花点时间跪下，特别是当你感到紧张的时候。软化膝盖是您在公开演讲时可以给自己的最有用的提醒之一。

Before you begin speaking, spare a moment for your knees, particularly if you feel nervous. Softening your knees is one of the most useful reminders you can give yourself when you speak in public.

你的脚离你的喉咙很远，但它们是你的基础，会影响你的平衡。站立，双脚向前分开一小段距离。通过脚趾和脚跟感受您与地面的联系，并感到稳定和平衡。我会在后面的“站稳脚跟”一节中回到你的脚下。

Your feet are a long way away from your voice box, but they’re your foundation and affect your balance. Stand with your feet facing forward a short distance apart. Feel your connection to the ground through your toes and heels, and feel steady and balanced. I come back to your feet in the later section ‘Standing Steady and Balanced’.

放松你的声带

Relaxing around your vocal cords

说话要全身放松，每个部位都很重要。然而，声带附近的部分尤其重要，因为这里最微小的差异对你的声音质量有相应的大影响。而且这些部位很容易紧张！出于这些原因，我将在以下部分专门介绍声带周围的区域。

Your whole body needs to be relaxed when you speak, and every part is important. However, the parts in the vicinity of your vocal cords are especially significant because here the tiniest difference has a correspondingly large effect on the quality of your voice. And these parts tense up very easily! For these reasons, I devote the following section specifically to the areas around your vocal folds.

脖子和喉咙

Neck and throat

声带实际上位于喉部的喉咙内，也称为声带。喉咙里的任何紧张都会使你的声音听起来单薄而沉闷。

The vocal folds actually live in your throat inside the larynx, otherwise called the voice box. Any tension in your throat makes your voice sound thin and dull.

当你的呼吸不畅时——也许当你在说话前感到焦虑时——你可能会让你的喉咙肌肉做太多事情，并最终在你试图说话时使它们紧张。你的话被困在喉咙里。这种紧张会阻止声音在您的胸腔深处产生共鸣，您会失去更深沉的声音。

When your breathing is inadequate – perhaps when you’re feeling anxious right before speaking – you may give your throat muscles too much to do and end up tensing them as you attempt to speak. Your words become trapped in your throat. This tension blocks the voice from resonating deeper into your chest and you lose your deeper sounds.

通过执行以下所有操作来释放您的喉咙：

Free your throat by doing all the following:

1. 将头轻轻向左转，然后向右转。

1. Turn your head gently to the left, then to the right.

2. 让你的头向下垂直到你的下巴碰到你的胸部，然后轻轻地左右转动你的头。感受颈部在各个方向的轻柔活动。

2. Let your head drop down until your chin touches your chest and then roll your head gently from side to side. Feel the gentle mobility of your neck in all directions.

3. 抬起头。通过喉咙的开放通道，感觉你的脖子高而自由。

3. Lift your head. Feel your neck tall and free with an open passage through the throat.

4. 快速检查一下你的肩膀、下巴和舌头的张力。（是的，你的舌头也需要放松。它能达到的效果真是太棒了！）

4. Do a quick tension check of your shoulders, jaw and tongue. (Yes, your tongue needs to feel relaxed too. It’s amazing what it can get up to!)

如果您觉得说话时变得紧张，请将头轻轻地左右移动，以免变得僵硬。

If you feel you’re getting tense as you speak, gently move your head from side to side to avoid stiffening up.

头

Head

人类的脑袋很大！至少，他们的脑袋很重。你的头和烤鹅一样重，如果你把它向前伸出或向后拉，都会造成麻烦。

Human beings have big heads! At least, they have heavy heads. Your head weighs as much as a roast goose and can cause trouble if you jut it out forwards or pull it back.

脊柱和头部之间的关系至关重要，因为它决定了身体其他部位发生的事情。头部想要在脊柱顶部轻盈地保持平衡，并有向上的感觉。头部的最佳位置是漂浮在脊柱的顶部，就像一个乒乓球被一股气流吸住一样。当然，它可以在您移动颈部时轻松地向各个方向移动。如果你的脖子和头部僵硬，你可能会收紧下巴并挤压你的声音。

The relationship between the spine and the head is crucial as it determines what happens through the rest of the body. The head wants to feel poised lightly on the top of the spine with an upward feel. The perfect position for your head is floating on the top of your spine, like a ping pong ball caught in an upsurge of air. Of course, it can move easily in all directions as you move your neck. If you’re stiff in the neck and head, you’re likely to tighten your jaw and squeeze your voice.

为了让你的头处于放松的位置，让它向前垂下，然后慢慢抬起它，注意你脖子上的肌肉，因为它们承受着你头部的重量，一个接一个地展开。在你的头回到直立位置后，向各个方向移动它，让它保持直立和平衡。

To get your head in a relaxed position, let it drop forward, then lift it slowly, paying attention to the muscles of your neck as they pick up the weight of your head and uncurl one by one. After your head returns to an upright position, move it in all directions and bring it to rest upright and balanced.

有时您可能希望在说话时保持头部不动，但永远不要让它固定不动。让它始终感觉自由和移动。

You may want to keep your head still sometimes when you speak, but don’t ever let it become fixed. Let it always feel free and mobile.

用完头部后，将注意力集中在脸上几分钟。放松您所有的面部肌肉，感觉所有的紧绷感都消失了。想象你的额头像天鹅绒一样光滑，你的眼睛柔和，你的嘴唇和舌头放松。让所有表情融化。

After working with your head, focus on your face for a few moments. Relax all your facial muscles and feel any tightness melt away. Imagine that your forehead is as smooth as velvet, your eyes soft and your lips and tongue relaxed. Let all expression melt away.

嘴和下巴

Mouth and jaw

下巴是一个强壮的角色，可以像虎钳一样夹住声音。在某些文化中，很少移动下巴是一种习俗——传统的“牛津英语”口音有时是这里的罪魁祸首。试着咬住你的下巴，让你的嘴唇僵硬，然后装出一副时髦的英国口音。您会立即感到相当“地主绅士”——但您的声音也很紧绷并且失去了大部分表现力！

The jaw is a strong character and can grip sound like a vice. It’s the custom in some cultures to move the jaw very little – the traditional ‘Oxford English’ accent is sometimes a culprit here. Try locking your jaw and stiffening your lips and then put on a posh English accent. You immediately feel rather ‘landed gentry’ – but your sound is also tight and stripped of much of its expressiveness!

锁颚则声阻，字难逃。锁住下巴意味着锁住喉咙和锁住舌头。紧张也很累——对你和任何不得不听你说话的人来说。

If you lock your jaw, the sound is obstructed and the words can’t escape. Locked jaw means locked throat and locked tongue too. The tension is tiring too – for you and for anyone having to listen to you.

为了获得自由清晰的声音，您希望能够自由移动下巴。想象一下，您突然发现了一些荒谬的事情，并且惊讶得下巴都掉了下来。放松您的下巴肌肉，让您的下牙脱落——让您看起来简单一点！

For a free and clear voice, you want to be able to move your jaw freely. Imagine that you’ve suddenly spotted something absurd, and let your jaw drop in surprise. Just let your jaw muscles go and your lower teeth drop – allow yourself to look a bit simple!

声乐教练有时会建议您张开的嘴应该能够容纳垂直握住的两个手指，但不要为了达到这个目的而强行张开下巴。请注意，当您张开嘴巴时，后牙会分开。

Voice coaches sometimes suggest that your open mouth should be able to accommodate two fingers held vertically but don’t force the jaw open in order to achieve this. Notice instead that the back teeth separate when you open your mouth.

顺便说一句，你的下颚应该一直在移动。如果您收紧头骨底部周围的肌肉，抬起头并张开上唇，您将无法获得正确的结果。

By the way, your lower jaw should be doing all the moving. If you tighten the muscles around the base of your skull, lift your head up and open up the top lip you don’t achieve the right result.

张开嘴后，闭上嘴咀嚼一会儿。将手指放在耳朵后面下巴铰链处并感觉运动。当您移动下巴时，您可能会发现自己想打哈欠。这表明您正在漂亮地松开下巴。

After opening your mouth, close it and chew around for a while. Place your fingers behind your ears where the jaw hinges and feel movement. You may find, as you move your jaw around, that you want to yawn. That’s a sign that you’re releasing the jaw beautifully.

在你说话之前，确保你没有咬紧下巴或磨牙。当你的嘴巴仍然闭合时，感觉你的下巴松开并自由地“悬垂”。

Before you speak, make sure that you’re not clenching your jaw or grinding your teeth. While your mouth is still closed, feel your jaw released and ‘hanging’ freely.

站稳平衡

Standing Steady and Balanced

你有没有被告知要在学校坐直或站直？当得到这样的指示时，孩子们通常会挺胸收腹。这个动作让他们笔挺僵硬，甚至无法继续正常呼吸。

Were you ever told to sit up straight or stand up straight at school? When given this instruction, children often stick out their chests and draw in their stomachs. This action makes them ramrod stiff and they can’t even continue breathing normally.

好的姿势当然是要站得高，但也要站得轻松。你不必“采取”一种姿势，比如摆出一种姿势。良好的姿势更多的是安顿下来，安定下来，更多的是存在而不是做。

Good posture is certainly about standing tall, but also about standing relaxed. You don’t have to ‘adopt’ a posture, like assuming a pose. Good posture is more of a settling in and a settling down, more about being than doing.

很多人照镜子，对他们所看到的并不满意。也许你注意到你没精打采或你的肩膀是圆的。你的屁股可能会突出，你的腿可能会僵硬，或者你的膝盖可能会向内。您可能会发现自己发出尖锐的心理指令，例如“停止无精打采！” 或“看在上帝的份上，站直！” 或“停止盯着地面！” 为了回应你的自我批评，你可能会尝试整理你的姿势的特定部分。您收紧臀部，将肩膀向后拉，收紧松弛的腹部。但是你的姿势并没有因为你的修改而得到改善。你只是觉得尴尬和僵硬。

Many people look in the mirror and are not happy with what they see. Perhaps you notice that you’re slouching or that your shoulders are rounded. Your bottom may stick out, your legs may be stiff or your knees may point inwards. You may find yourself issuing sharp mental instructions such as ‘Stop slouching!’ or ‘For goodness sake, stand straight!’ or ‘Stop staring at the ground!’ In response to your self-criticism, you may try to sort out particular bits of your posture. You tuck in your behind, you pull your shoulders back and you tighten your slack tummy. But your posture isn’t improved by your modifications. You just feel awkward and stiff.

从外面一点一点地重新安排你的身体，没有帮助。您需要从内部感知良好的姿势。Ida Rolfe 博士是被称为 Rolfing 的放松技术的先驱，她谈到了“解除”身体的武装——消除所有因装腔作势和伪装而产生的紧张和压力，留下一种开放和轻松的乐观情绪。如果你的身体完全扭曲或不平衡，或者如果你向前或向后倾斜得太远，你正在收紧某些肌肉以保持直立，而紧张会抑制声音。

Rearranging your body from the outside, bit by bit, doesn’t help. You need to sense good posture from within. Dr Ida Rolfe, pioneer of the relaxation technique known as Rolfing, spoke about ‘dis-arming’ the body – removing all the tension and stress of posing and pretence and leaving a sense of openness and relaxed optimism. If your body is all screwed up or uneven, or if you’re leaning too far forward or too far back, you’re tightening certain muscles to stay upright, and the tightness inhibits the sound.

您可以为自己演示尴尬姿势的影响。挺身而出，挺胸挺拔，军装风范，说一两句。如果什么都没想到，请尝试“大家下午好；我很高兴今天能和你们一起参加我们的世界开瓶器大会。现在倒下让路；放松你的肩膀，吐出你的嘴唇并弯曲你的膝盖。再说一遍这句话。你觉得怎么样？几乎在所有情况下，人们都会发现在第二次时他们的声音更自由、更洪亮，整个任务也容易得多。你给你的声音自由说话。

You can demonstrate the effects of awkward posture for yourself. Stand up straight and imposing with your shoulders back and stiff, military fashion, and say a sentence or two. If nothing comes to mind, try ‘Good afternoon everyone; I’m delighted to be with you today for our Conference on Cork-Screws of the World.’ Now slump and give way; slouch your shoulders, blow out of your lips and bend your knees. Say the sentence again. How is that for you? In nearly all cases, people find that during the second time their voices are freer and more resonant, and the whole task is much easier. You’re giving your voice freedom to speak.

以正确的方式站立可以鼓励您的身体放松，但前提是您不要太用力“站直”。相反，想想平衡站立，这可以让你所有的肌肉发挥其适当的作用。

Standing in the right way encourages your body to relax, but only if you don’t try too hard to ‘stand up straight’. Instead, think of standing balanced, which allows all your muscles to play their appropriate parts.

重新发现你的平衡

Rediscovering your balance

当然，站着、坐着、倒立都可以说话。但是声音的质量取决于您身体的平衡。保持平衡也会增强您的信心。

Of course you can speak when you’re standing up or sitting down, or even standing on your head. But the quality of your sound depends on balance in your body. Standing balanced boosts your confidence too.

你的身体，在内心深处，已经知道如何保持稳定和平衡，只要你放松并适应它。改善你的站立方式，从而改善你的声音，就是消除压抑，撤销而不是添加新的东西。

Your body, deep down, already knows how to stand steady and balanced if you just relax and tune into it. Improving your way of standing, and thus your voice, is about removing inhibitions, undoing rather than adding something new.

作为一个孩子，你知道如何站立。你可能不会经常站着不动，但当你这样做时，你的脊柱会挺直而且很长，你的关节自由自在，你可以毫不费力地将你的大脑袋支撑在你的小脖子上。探索年轻时的自己向您展示的有关姿势的知识。

As a child you knew how to stand. You probably didn’t stand still much, but when you did, your spine was erect and long, your joints free and you effortlessly supported your large head on your little neck. Explore what your younger self has to show you about posture.

1. 站起来，想象片刻，再次踏入你三岁的身体。

1. Stand up, and imagine for a moment stepping into your body at three years old again.

• 作为一个三岁的孩子，你感觉如何？

• What do you feel like, as a three-year-old?

• 您的骨骼和肌肉感觉如何？

• How do your bones and muscles feel?

• 您想如何站立和移动？

• How do you want to stand and move?

• 您感到满足和乐观吗？（选择一个快乐的时刻！）

• How contented and optimistic do you feel? (Choose a happy moment!)

2. 将这些信息带到现在，审视此时此地的身体平衡。

2. Bring that information to the present and scan your body balance in the here and now.

赤脚或穿平底鞋做这个练习。站立，双臂垂在身体两侧，直视前方。当你站立时，注意你与地面的接触，感受你身体的舒适和放松。

Do this exercise with bare feet or wearing flat shoes. Stand with your arms hanging by your sides and look straight ahead. As you stand, become aware of your contact with the ground and feel the sense of comfort and ease in your body.

3. 将你的意识转向你的平衡。

3. Turn your awareness to your balance.

一个。将双脚笔直指向前方，大约分开一英尺，然后软化膝盖。当它们变软时，请注意，同时您身体的其他部分会更加安定和放松，而不会塌陷。

a. Point your feet straight forward, about a foot apart, and soften your knees. As they soften, be aware that at the same time other parts of you settle and relax more without slumping.

b. 站直并放松。然后前后摇摆一点，直到找到你的中点，既不向前倾斜也不向后倾斜。理想情况下，你的臀部直接在你的脚上。

b. Stand tall and relaxed. Then sway just a little forwards and backwards until you find your mid-point, neither leaning forward nor back. Ideally, your hips are directly over your feet.

你可能会发现你不确定你的中点在哪里。这很常见。许多人习惯于不平衡地站着，失去了真正的平衡感。

You may find that you’re not sure where your mid-point is. That is quite common. Many people are in the habit of standing unbalanced and have lost their true sense of equilibrium.

尝试将双脚分开不同的距离（大约与身体同宽），以帮助建立更清晰的平衡感。尝试站在镜子前，这样您就有一个可见的平衡图像来帮助您。

Try placing your feet at different distances apart – about a body’s width or so – to help establish a clearer sense of balance. Try standing in front of a mirror so that you have a visible image of balance to help you.

C。当你站在一个平衡的位置时，平静地呼吸。感受腹部的轻柔起伏。每次呼吸，都会更加意识到自己处于平衡状态。

c. While you’re standing in a balanced position, breathe calmly. Feel the gentle rise and fall of your belly. With each breath, feel ever more aware that you’re balanced.

采用漂浮姿势

Adopting a floating posture

考虑您的姿势时，请想象您悬在空中，而不是必须支撑身体的重量。这种念头带给你的轻盈感自然而然地调整了你的身体和平衡，以达到最佳的说话姿势。与简单的物理调整相比，您的想象力通常会产生更好的结果。在下面的练习中，假设您是一个提线木偶。

When thinking about your posture, imagine that you’re hanging from the sky, rather than having to support the weight of your body. The feeling of lightness this thought gives you naturally adjusts your body and balance to the best posture for speaking. Your imagination often creates a better result than simple physical adjustment. In the following exercise, imagine that you’re a string puppet.

声乐教练克尔斯滕·林克莱特 (Kirsten Linklater) 曾在伦敦音乐与戏剧艺术学院师从颇具影响力的声乐专家艾里斯·沃伦 (Iris Warren) 学习，通过鼓励人们创造影响 其生理机能的内在图像，帮助他们成为更好的演讲者。以下练习基于她在她的书《释放自然之声》（Drama Pub，2006 年）中介绍的方法。也请收听音频文件中的第 8 首曲目。

Voice coach Kirsten Linklater, who studied at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art with influential voice expert Iris Warren, helps people become better speakers by encouraging them to create internal pictures that influence their physiology. The following practice is based on methods she presents in her book Freeing the Natural Voice (Drama Pub, 2006). Listen, too, to Track 8 on the audio file.

1. 找到平衡的姿势。

1. Find your balanced stance.

请参阅上一节“重新发现您的余额”。

See the preceding section ‘Rediscovering your balance’.

2. 感觉你的脚与大地接触，感觉你的身体从地面上升起。

2. Feel your feet in connection with the earth and sense your body rising from the ground.

注意每根骨头如何舒适地与下一根分开：你的脚踝、小腿、膝关节和大腿都在上升。想象一下你的骨盆带和你的髋关节和脊柱从它上升。从底部向上感觉你背部的每块椎骨都上升，继续在你的肩胛骨之间上升并向上穿过你的脖子。想象一下你脖子上的骨头上升到头骨，头骨本身像气球一样漂浮在顶部。当你这样想象时，继续感觉你的脚与地板接触。

Pay attention to how each bone comfortably separates from the next: your ankles, shins, knee joints and thighs are all rising. Imagine your pelvic girdle and rising from it your hip joints and spine. Feel from the bottom upwards each vertebra of your back rise, continuing to rise up between your shoulder blades and up through your neck. Picture the bones of your neck rising up into the skull, and the skull itself floating at the top like a balloon. As you imagine this, continue to feel your feet in contact with the floor.

让所有的东西都向上漂浮，同时你的手臂垂在身体两侧，每根骨头都从上面的骨头垂下来，一直到你的腕关节和你的手的骨头。

Allow everything to float upwards, while your arms hang by your sides, each bone hanging from the one above, down to your wrist joints and the bones of your hands.

3. 想象一下，你的手肘、手腕和手指上都系着绳子——就像一个木偶。

3. Imagine that you’ve strings attached to your elbows, wrists and fingers – like a puppet.

让绳子将您的肘部拉高，然后让系在您手腕上的绳子将您的手腕拉得更高。然后，系在指尖的绳子将手指向上拉得更高。

Let the strings pull your elbows up high in the air, then permit the strings attached to your wrists to pull your wrists up higher still. Then strings attached to the tips of your fingers pull the fingers up higher still.

你的整个身体从上面被抓住，从你的指尖垂下来。

Your whole body is held from above and hangs down from the tips of your fingers.

4. 让“琴弦”一根一根地走，一点一点地轻轻松开你的身体。

4. Let the ‘strings’ go one by one and gently release your body bit by bit.

让你的手从手腕上垂下来。然后你的手腕和前臂放松并从肘部松散地垂下。你的手臂从肩膀上垂下沉重地垂下。

Let your hands drop and hang from the wrists. Then your wrists and forearms relax and hang loosely from the elbow. Your arms drop to hang heavily down from the shoulders.

5. 轻轻松开固定头部和身体其他部位的绳子。

5. Gently release the strings holding your head and other body parts.

向前低头，让头和脖子像无头躯干一样悬垂在身体上，然后从上到下逐块放松脊柱，直到弯腰，从尾骨松散地垂下。也软化你的膝盖。始终保持呼吸，享受片刻放松的感觉。

Drop your head forward so that head and neck hang off your body like a headless torso, and then relax your spine bone by bone from the top down until you’re bent right over, hanging loosely from your tailbone. Soften your knees as well. Keep breathing throughout and enjoy the feeling of relaxation for a few moments.

6. 在不收紧腹部肌肉的情况下，再次轻轻展开脊柱，逐渐伸直膝盖。

6. Gently uncurl your spine again without tightening your stomach muscles, gradually straightening your knees.

放松每块椎骨直至颈部，让您的头部再次舒适地漂浮。想象你的能量向上移动。

Unwind each vertebra right up into the neck and allow your head to float comfortably again. Picture your energy moving upwards.

7. 伸展身体，打哈欠，摇晃身体。

7. Stretch, yawn and shake out your body.

注意你的身体是多么的活跃和清醒。

Notice how alive and awake you feel in your body.

8. 意识到你是如何拥有软化身体所有部位的能力的。

8. Become aware of how you have the ability to soften all parts of your body.

仅仅通过思考，你就可以软化你的脖子、你的肩膀、你脊椎的每一节椎骨、你的胸部和腹部、你的骨盆、你的腿和手臂。

You can, simply by thinking, soften your neck, your shoulders, each vertebra of your spine, your chest and abdomen, your pelvis, your legs and arms.

随着每个部分变软，它也感觉更轻。无论你把注意力转移到哪里，你的那个部分都会软化和融化，而你的骨架却挺直了。

As each part softens, it feels lighter too. Everywhere you move your attention, that part of you softens and melts, while your skeleton stands tall.

9. 将你的意识转向内心，消除你可能发现的任何紧张情绪。

9. Turn your awareness to the inside and melt away any tensions you may find.

检查面罩、喉咙、胸部、腹部和腹股沟处是否还有一点点剩余的张力。

Check for little bits of remaining tension in the mask of your face, your throat, your chest, stomach and down into the groin.

注意那些空间内呼吸的轻柔运动。享受身体的自由。

Be aware of the gentle movement of the breath within those spaces. Enjoy the freedom in your body.

深入身心放松

Going Deeper into Relaxation With Body and Mind

这种练习——就像本章中的所有练习一样——是关于感觉和感受的。说话与听觉一样重要。（有关令人信服的示例，请参阅“通过感觉聆听”。）毕竟，当您听到声音时，您也会在身体中感受到它——有时会让人感到不舒服！

This practice – like all the practices in this chapter – is about sensation and feeling. Speaking is as much about feeling as about hearing. (See ‘Hearing through feeling’ for a compelling example.) After all, when you hear a voice, you feel it in your body too – sometimes uncomfortably so!

在练习说话放松时，专注于内在感觉比担心自己的实际声音更重要，就像轻松挥动球杆比专注于球的实际落点更重要一样，要成为一名更好的高尔夫球手更重要。作为一名新手高尔夫球手，如果您只专注于将球打到正确的位置，那么您很可能会获得一种从长远来看对您不利的拼凑技术。体育教练经常谈论“走出自己的路”，这是关于释放自己而不是通过学习（或“粘贴”）技术的动作。因此，享受提高对身体和思想实际在做什么的认识，而不是驱使自己朝着特定的结果前进。

Focusing on the internal feeling as you practise relaxation for speaking is more important than getting anxious about how you actually sound, just as swinging a club with ease is more important to becoming a better golfer than focusing on where the ball actually ends up. As a novice golfer, if you concentrate only on getting the ball to the right place, you’re likely to acquire a patched-together technique that doesn’t serve you in the long run. Sports coaches often talk about ‘getting out of your own way’, which is about freeing yourself rather than going through the motions of learned (or ‘pasted on’) techniques. So enjoy heightening your awareness of what your body and mind are actually doing rather than driving yourself towards specific results.

你的姿势影响你的心情，你的心情影响你的姿势。足智多谋的心态可以比您想象的更能帮助您保持姿势。

Your posture affects your mood, and your mood affects your posture. A resourceful state of mind can help your posture more than you may think.

不要考虑“采用”一种姿势；那只是“装腔作势”。相反，尽可能少做，只是感受来自放松、开放的思想和身体的向上能量和轻盈的感觉。这种感觉本身会在你内心创造一种平静的感觉，让身心和谐相处。

Don’t think in terms of ‘adopting’ a posture; that is just ‘posturing’. Instead, do as little as possible and just feel the sensation of upward energy and lightness that comes from a relaxed, open mind and body. That sensation itself creates a calm feeling within you, bringing mind and body into harmony.

著名的以色列运动老师Moshé Feldenkrais提出，开放的身体姿势也可以让您的思想开放，从而产生客观感和对其他可能性的认识。自由的身体可以让您更有效地思考、提高注意力和增强自信——所有这些都对您作为演讲者有所帮助。因此，积极的心态对身体有帮助，身体放松会产生更好的心态。有关这位伟大老师的更多信息，请参阅边栏“费登奎斯方法”。

The famous Israeli movement teacher, Moshé Feldenkrais, suggested that an open physical stance allows your mind to open as well, resulting in a sense of objectivity and awareness of alternative possibilities. Your freed body allows more effective thinking, improved concentration and greater confidence – all of which can be helpful for you as a speaker. So a positive state of mind helps you physically, and physical relaxation produces a better state of mind. See the sidebar ‘The Feldenkrais Method’ for more on this great teacher.

你通过你的身体表达情绪。当你紧张时，你很难表达某些情绪，例如热情或愉悦。同样，当情绪似乎势不可挡时，您的身体可能会紧张起来以保护自己免受恐惧。在某种程度上，所有的声音问题都结合了身体和情感原因，通常还包括智力或精神原因。英语中充满了表达感觉和身体声音之间联系的短语：“感觉卡在我的喉咙里”或“她的心来到她的嘴里”。看看Elizabeth Kuhnke 的《傻瓜肢体语言》，了解更多关于身心联系的信息。

You express emotions through your physical body. When you’re tense, you struggle to express certain emotions, such as enthusiasm or pleasure. Equally when emotions seem overwhelming, your body may tense up to protect itself from fear. To some extent, all vocal problems combine physical and emotional causes, and often intellectual or spiritual causes as well. The English language is filled with phrases that express this link between feeling and the physical voice: ‘the feeling got stuck in my throat’ or ‘her heart came into her mouth.’ Have a look Body Language For Dummies by Elizabeth Kuhnke for more on body/mind connection.

放松与准备相结合：不要太紧，也不要太松

Blending Relaxation with Readiness: Not Too Tight, Not Too Loose

前面的部分着眼于放松身体的每个部位。当然，如果你完全放松你的身体，你就会倒下。放松不等于颓废；它也需要一种生活感。

The preceding sections look at relaxing every part of your body. Of course if you totally relaxed your body, you would fall down. Relaxing is not the same as slumping; it needs a sense of life too.

在他的优秀著作《爱的勇气》（ WW Norton & Company，1997 年）中，斯蒂芬·吉利根讲述了虚张声势的电影明星埃罗尔·弗林的故事，他曾被问及持剑的正确方法。弗林回答说，你必须想象你拿着的是一只活鸟而不是一把剑。如果你抓得太紧，那只鸟就会被压碎而失去生命。如果你抓得太松，那只鸟就会逃走，你就一无所有了。诀窍是用毛毡连接“不要太紧，也不要太松”。这种联系绝对是你讲好所需要的。

In his excellent book The Courage to Love (W.W. Norton & Company, 1997), Stephen Gilligan tells the story of swashbuckling movie star Errol Flynn who was once asked the correct way to hold a sword. Flynn replied that you had to imagine you were holding a live bird instead of a sword. If you held on too tight, the bird was crushed and its life was lost. If you held too loosely, the bird escaped and you were left with nothing. The trick was to hold on ‘not too tight, not too loose’ with a felt connection. This connection is absolutely what you need to speak well.

为了体验一种感觉上的联系，比较两种感觉。先在身体两侧握紧拳头，吸气呼气几次。你体验到某种联系，但它是紧密的、紧张的和受限的。现在，用最轻的羽毛般的触感轻轻地将指尖放在你面前，并呼吸几次。那是一种有感觉的呼吸。

In order to experience a felt connection, compare two sensations. First clench your fists tightly at your sides and breathe in and out a few times. You experience some sort of connection, but it’s tight, tense and restricted. Now gently touch your fingertips together in front of you, using the lightest of feather touches and breathe several times. That is breathing with a felt connection.

如果您练习瑜伽、武术、太极拳、Rolfing 或将任何运动发展到高水平，您就会理解不要太紧也不要太松的理念。即使在静止姿势中，也始终具有运动和弹性的感觉。

If you do yoga, the martial arts, T’ai Chi, Rolfing or develop any sport to a high level, you understand the idea of not too tight, not too loose. The feeling is always of movement and elasticity even in a static pose.

想一想你做的任何事情都轻松又好，你会发现同样适用于“不要太紧，也不要太松”的描述。例如，如果你擦亮一块精致的玻璃，你会自信而精致地握住它。如果你画一幅画，你会泰然自若地握住画笔，但不会僵硬。如果您握住网球拍，您可以灵活而有力地握住它，就像手臂的延伸一样。在所有这些活动中，您都可以完美控制。以下部分中的活动可帮助您找到弹性与放松的最佳结合。

Think of anything you do easily and well, and you find that the same ‘not too tight, not too loose’ description applies. For instance, if you polish a fine glass, you hold it both confidently and delicately. If you paint a picture, you hold the paint brush with poise but without stiffening up. If you hold a tennis racquet, you hold it flexibly yet strongly as an extension of your arm. In all these activities you apply perfect control. The activities in the following sections help your find your best blend of elasticity and relaxation.

涉及你的整个身体

Involving your whole body

当我谈到放手时，我经常这样做的想法是放松参与不是他们工作的活动的肌肉，并通过这样做允许使用适当的肌肉。

When I talk about letting go, I often do so with the idea of relaxing muscles that are getting involved in activities that are not their job, and by doing so allowing the appropriate muscles to be used.

运动老师摩西·费登奎斯 (Moshé Feldenkrais) 了解每块微小的肌肉都可以发挥其适当作用的任何动作的非凡微妙之处。（有关这位伟大导师的更多信息，请参阅边栏“费登奎斯方法”。）以下练习可能看起来太简单了，但意识就是全部。

Movement teacher Moshé Feldenkrais understood the extraordinary subtlety of movements in any action in which each tiny muscle is allowed to play its appropriate role. (See the sidebar ‘The Feldenkrais Method’ for more on this great instructor.) The following exercise may seem all too simple, but awareness is all.

1. 坐在坚固的椅子上。

1. Sit upright on an firm chair.

支撑你自己的背部，将双脚平放在地板上，并将双手放在膝盖上。

Supporting your own back, position your feet flat on the floor and place your hands in your lap.

2. 慢慢地——在全神贯注的情况下——低下头，低头看你的皮带扣。

2. Slowly – and with full awareness – lower your head and look down to see your belt buckle.

3. 回到第一步的原位。

3. Return to the original position in Step 1.

而已！这就是练习！

That’s it! That’s the exercise!

但现在有几个问题：你是不是通过弯曲脖子来移动你的头？你可能有，但如果你把更多的自己带入行动中，运动会更容易。

But now a few questions: Did you move just your head by bending your neck? You might have, but the movement is easier if you bring more of yourself into the action.

1. 慢慢重复这个动作，这次要密切注意你的胸部。将您的手放在胸部中间的胸骨上，并意识到您的胸部以及您的头部和眼睛向腹部倾斜。感觉你的肋骨移动。当你反转动作时，感觉你的胸部帮助你把头抬起来。

1. Repeat the action slowly and this time pay close attention to your chest. Place your hand on the sternum bone in the middle of your chest and become aware of your chest tipping down towards your belly, along with your head and eyes. Feel your ribs move. As you reverse the motion, feel your chest help to bring your head back up.

2. 再次重复这个动作，注意你的下背部，就在你的腰部以上。当您向下看时，请注意您的下背部如何向后移动并略微弯曲。然后，注意它是如何向前移动的，当你再次上来时轻轻拱起。把你的手放在那里感受运动。

2. Repeat the action again and become aware of your lower back, just above your waist. Notice how your lower back moves back and rounds slightly as you look down. Then, notice how it moves forward, arching gently as you come up again. Place your hands there to feel the movement.

3. 再次重复这个动作，注意你的骨盆。当您向下看时，感觉您的骨盆轻轻向后摇晃，并感觉您如何坐在臀部后面。回来时，当您更多地坐在臀部前部时，感觉您的骨盆向前摆动。

3. Repeat the action again and notice your pelvis. Feel your pelvis rock gently backwards as you look down and sense how you sit more on the back of your buttocks. Coming back up, feel your pelvis rock forward as you sit more on the front of your buttocks.

即使是这种最简单的运动，您也会意识到您的眼睛、颈部、头部、胸部、下背部、骨盆和臀部都是您全身协调运动的一部分。

Even with this simplest of movements, you become aware that your eyes, neck, head, chest, lower back, pelvis and buttocks are all part of one co-ordinated movement of your whole body.

当你使用身体的所有部位移动时，你会发现你的动作有一种优雅和轻松，这在你第一次尝试时并不明显。同样，当你鼓励身体放松时，你说话的意图会刺激所有有助于发出完整而有意义的声音的微小动作。然后，你们才真正开始交流。当您紧张时，您会用力推动肌肉运动，导致发出令人不快的声音并且无法进行真正的交流。

When you move using all parts of your body, you find that your movement has a grace and ease about it that was not evident the first time you tried it. So too, when you encourage relaxation in your body, your intention to speak stimulates all the tiny movements that contribute to full and meaningful sound. Then, you really begin to communicate. When you’re tense, you push muscles into play with force, resulting in unpleasant sound and no real communication.

享受准备状态

Relishing the state of readiness

武术中的准备结合了自由和灵活性，成功演讲的秘诀也类似。准备就绪可以让您以最高效率使用您的身体——以更少的努力获得更多的力量。准备就绪实际上是运动员或艺术家处于状态时观察到的品质。

Readiness in the martial arts combines freedom and flexibility, and the recipe is similar for successful speaking. Readiness allows you to use your body with utmost efficiency – more power for less effort. Readiness is in fact the quality observed in sports people or artists when they’re in the zone.

准备就绪是一种被“打开”的感觉。当您开始说话时，您希望同时感到放松和警觉。事实上，演讲的最高技巧是在正常的紧张情绪容易恢复时，能够在听众面前保持这种生动而轻松的感觉。

Readiness is a feeling of being ‘switched on’. When you begin to speak, you want to feel relaxed yet alert at the same time. Indeed, the highest skill in speaking is the ability to maintain this sense of alive yet relaxed flow in front of an audience, when normal tensions are prone to return.

在1960 年代和 70 年代的粉红豹电影中，彼得·塞勒斯 (Peter Sellers) 饰演的督察克鲁索 (Inspector Clouseau) 不断遭到他的中国仆人卡托 (Cato) 的攻击，卡托曾受克鲁索 (Clouseau) 指点以磨练武术。因此，克鲁索必须时刻保持警惕——他在这项任务上以惊人而幽默的方式失败了。虽然这些电影是喜剧，但你确实能感受到角色的准备状态，他的感官得到了增强，并准备好对最小的刺激做出反应。

In the Pink Panther films of the 1960s and 1970s, Inspector Clouseau, played by Peter Sellers, is constantly attacked by his Chinese servant Cato, who has been instructed by Clouseau to sharpen his martial arts skills. As a result, Clouseau must be constantly alert – a task at which he fails spectacularly and humorously. Although the films are comedy, you do get the sense of the character’s readiness, his senses heightened and ready to respond to the smallest stimulus.

享受永动机

Enjoying perpetual motion

当你说话时，你永远不会静止。你一直在移动；即使你坐着什么都不做，你也会移动。当一架飞机在自动驾驶仪下从洛杉矶飞往悉尼时，它的方向永远不会恒定。飞机开始稍微偏离航线，自动驾驶仪会纠正它，然后它会在另一个方向上再次偏离航线并再次纠正，不断进行微调。你对你的姿势和平衡做同样的事情。

When you speak, you’re never static. You move all the time; even when you sit and do nothing, you move. When a plane flies from Los Angeles to Sydney on automatic pilot, its direction is never constant. The plane begins to veer slightly off course and the autopilot corrects it, then it goes a little off course again in the other direction and is corrected again, constantly being micro-adjusted. You do the same with your posture and balance.

生命在扩张、移动和延伸。许多音乐家通过亚历山大技巧来放松身心。Alexander 的老师们总是谈论运动——拉长脊柱，放松和加宽肩膀，加宽背部。他们建议您用思想设想一个放松运动的方向，然后朝那个方向前进。

Life is expansion, moving and extending. Many musicians develop relaxation through the Alexander Technique. Alexander teachers talk always in terms of movement – lengthening the spine, releasing and widening the shoulders and broadening the back. They suggest that you envision a direction for relaxed movement with your thoughts and move in that direction.

当你站着说话时，想着向四面八方扩展。想象你的头顶向天花板移动，你的背部变宽变长，你的肩膀向墙壁移动。感受这种扩展如何为您提供空间，让您更充分地呼吸和表达自己。

Think of expanding in all directions when you stand and speak. Imagine the crown of your head moving towards the ceiling, your back widening and lengthening, and your shoulders moving towards the walls. Feel how this expansion allows space for you to breathe and express yourself more fully.

为了体验运动和言语之间的强大联系，请尝试运动和说话。给自己很大的空间。有目的地和自信地走来走去。吸气时举起手臂，呼气时将手臂扫过身体，就像在剧院里表演一样。让你的手势流畅和戏剧化。当你走得更多时，在另一边做一个扩张的手势。继续以这种方式打手势一段时间，最后在做大手势时开始说话。说几行宏大的诗句——也许是华兹华斯的《在威斯敏斯特桥上作曲》的开头几行（加入第 9 首曲目）：

In order to experience the powerful connection between movement and speech, try moving and speaking. Give yourself lots of space. Walk around with purpose and confidence. Raise an arm as you breathe in and sweep it across your body as you breathe out, as if you were introducing an act in the theatre. Make your gesture smooth and theatrical. As you walk around more, make an expansive gesture on the other side. Continue gesturing in this way for a while and eventually begin speaking while you make your large gestures. Say a couple of lines of sweeping verse – perhaps the opening lines of Wordsworth’s Composed Upon Westminster Bridge (join in to Track 9):

大地没有什么比这更美丽的了：如果他的灵魂可以经过 如此壮丽的景色如此动人：这座城市现在就像一件衣服，穿着早晨的美丽；寂静，光秃秃的，船只，塔楼，圆顶，剧院和寺庙向田野和天空敞开。

Earth has not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty: This City now doth like a garment wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie Open unto the fields, and to the sky.

大声说话——甚至高贵！– 每行一个扫过的手势。感受运动和手势如何释放声音并赋予它节奏和能量。自由与言论相结合——制胜法宝！

Speak expansively – nobly even! – with one sweeping gesture per line. Feel how the movement and gestures free the sound and give it rhythm and energy. Freedom and speech together – the winning combination!

第6章

Chapter 6

将声音转化为语音

Turning Sound into Speech

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

巧妙地表达声音

Artfully articulating sounds

帮助您的听众轻松理解您在说什么

Helping your listeners easily understand what you’re saying

用你长长的声音让语言栩栩如生

Bringing language to life with your long sounds

用简短的声音为您的演讲增添趣味

Spicing up your speech with your short sounds

当你说话时，你希望人们很容易理解你。如何做到这一点是本章的主要重点。

When you speak, you want people to understand you easily. How to do that is the principal focus of this chapter.

演讲不仅仅是一项体力活动。它也涉及你的大脑和情感。语音工作从更好地呼吸（见第 4 章）和释放紧张感（见第 5 章）开始，但它也需要培养你的身体能力，以最经济的方式清晰地表达单词并将你的想法转化为有效的沟通。当您清楚地表达或阐明您的话时，人们能够清楚地听到每个词的每个部分 。

Speaking isn’t just a physical activity. It involves your brain and emotion too. Voice work starts with breathing better (see Chapter 4) and letting go of tension (see Chapter 5), but it also requires developing your physical ability to articulate words in the most economical way and turn your thoughts into effective communication. When you articulate, or enunciate, your words, people are able to hear every part of each word distinctly.

如果你想要清晰，从自由开放的声音开始，我在第 5 章中更详细地探讨了这一点。享受轻松的感觉。你不需要特别去听你发出的声音；专注于结识自由的感觉。

If you want to be clear, start with a free open sound, which I explore in much greater detail in Chapter 5. Enjoy a feeling of effortlessness. You don’t need to listen particularly to the sounds you make; focus on getting to know the free feeling.

让您的声音清晰易懂

Making Your Voice Clearly Understood

如果有人告诉你你说话含糊不清（第 11 章有更多关于含糊不清的内容），你可能认为答案是大声说话。但被理解并不需要你大声喊叫，只要讲得清清楚楚就可以了。您的听众必须理解您所说的话；如果他们不明白你的意思，那么说话就毫无意义。

If someone tells you that you mumble (there’s more about mumbling in Chapter 11), you may think that the answer is to speak louder. But being understood doesn’t require you to shout, just to be exquisitely clear. Your listeners have to make sense of what you say; if they don’t get your meaning, speaking is pointless.

请注意，让自己被理解与您的口音、教育水平或班级无关。它始于想要被理解。如果你一半希望没有人在听，因为你不确定你说的是否有道理，那么你肯定不会说清楚。

Note that making yourself understood has nothing to do with your accent, education level or class. It starts with wanting to be understood. If you’re half hoping nobody’s listening because you’re not sure whether you’re talking sense, then you certainly won’t be clear.

如果你真的需要让别人理解，你可能完全有能力做到这一点。想象自己处于一个戏剧性的场景中——或者在电影惊悚片中。您是第一个注意到烟雾和火焰或有人拔枪的人。我相信您可以清楚地大喊“着火了！” 或者“他有枪！” 并确保其他人了解情况。

If you really need to have others understand, you’re probably more than capable of making it happen. Picture yourself in a dramatic situation – or in a film thriller. You’re the first to notice smoke and flames or someone pulling out a gun. I’m sure that you can clearly yell ‘Fire!’ or ‘He’s got a gun!’ and make sure that other people understand the situation.

然而，在日常演讲中，您往往不会如此高度谨慎地表达清楚。以下部分为您提供了几种发音技巧。

However, in everyday speech you tend not to take such a high level of care to be clear. The following sections give you several articulation techniques.

形成的话

Forming the words

阐明需要什么？不像呼吸涉及你的整个身体（见第 4 章），清晰地表达你的话只是头脑的事情。事实上，这一切都发生在你头脑中的一个小空间里。虽然说“你好”这样一个简单的词需要 100 块肌肉的协调，但实际的词形塑造只是你的嘴唇以不同的方式闭合和张开，你的舌头的不同部位撞击口腔的各个部位，包括你的上牙龈，上颚和硬腭后部。就是这样。

What does articulating entail? Unlike breathing, which involves your whole body (see Chapter 4), articulating your words is just head stuff. In fact, it all happens in a small space in your head. Although saying a simple word such as ‘hello’ takes the co-ordination of 100 muscles, the actual word-shaping is just your lips closing and opening in different ways and various bits of your tongue hitting parts of the mouth, including your upper gums, the roof your mouth and the back of your hard palate. And that’s it.

如果说话时你的脸是活跃的，那么你就已经说得很清楚了。如果你的脸通常是一个冷漠的面具，你需要让它动起来。请参阅下一节“为您的面部肌肉预热”。

If your face is active when you speak, you’re halfway towards speaking clearly. If your face is usually an impassive mask, you need to get it moving. See the following section ‘Warming up your facial muscles’.

下次你在电视上听播音员或评论员讲话时，将声音调低几分钟，这样你就不会被他或她在说什么分散注意力。只看说话者的脸和嘴巴。您对这些功能的移动性感到惊讶吗？现在调高声音并尝试用类似的面部动作自己说出说话者的一些短语。你可能必须非常活跃才能匹配它们。

Next time you listen to an announcer or commentator on the television, switch the sound down for a few moments so that you’re not distracted by what he or she is saying. Just watch the speaker’s face and mouth. Are you surprised by how mobile the features are? Now turn up the sound and try saying some of the speaker’s phrases yourself with similar facial movements. You probably have to be quite animated to match them.

各种各样的事情都会妨碍面部活动：

Various things can get in the way of facial mobility:

如果你的呼吸没有适当地支持声音，你的舌头会提供补偿力量，因此不能自由地在发音中发挥其应有的作用。检查您的舌头前后是否可以自由移动。（有关呼吸支持的技巧，请参阅第 4 章。）

If your breath isn’t properly supporting the sound, your tongue provides compensatory strength and therefore isn’t free to take its rightful part in articulation. Check that both the front and back of your tongue can move freely. (See Chapter 4 for tips on breath support.)

如果你习惯性地抿紧嘴唇，你将难以自由地表达。把它们摇松！

If you habitually hold your lips tight, you’ll struggle to articulate freely. Shake them loose!

如果您过于专注于控制嘴唇和舌头，它们的动作就会变得过于有力。你最终会得到清晰的措辞，但尴尬夸张的面部动作和听起来很假的词。不要太用力。

If you focus too much on manipulating your lips and tongue, their movements can become too powerful. You end up with clear diction but awkward exaggerated facial movements and artificial-sounding words. Don’t try too hard.

在过去，演讲是指学会“说得漂亮”，其中包括正确的口音。它涉及像著名情景喜剧中的 Joanna Lumley 那样发音英国英语或像著名情景喜剧中的 Frasier 那样发音美国英语，嘴巴和嘴唇的动作很大。我对早年背诵“Jonathan Joe，嘴巴像O ”和夸张的面部动作记忆犹新！这项工作使人们能够以明亮、超凡脱俗的清晰度进行交谈。聆听和观看玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 在成为首相之前的早期演讲录音，以了解此类经典演说的典范。

In the old days, elocution was about learning to speak ‘beautifully,’ which included the right accent. It involved pronouncing UK English like Joanna Lumley or US English like Frasier in the famous sitcom, with much movement of mouth and lips. I have vague memories from my early schooldays of reciting ‘Jonathan Joe, has a mouth like an O’ with exaggerated facial movements! This work resulted in people talking with bright, larger-than-life clarity. Listen to and watch Margaret Thatcher in recordings of her early speeches before she became Prime Minister for a prime example of this type of classic elocution.

想一想你的嘴巴、嘴唇和舌头在你说话时是灵活而柔软的，而不是夸大其词。发音应该包括自然轻松的动作和发声的呼吸，而不是尽管有呼吸而努力将声音推出。您希望任何动作都能表达得自由和解放，而不是因大量夸张的动作或面部扭曲而做作。

Think of your mouth, lips and tongue being nimble and supple when you speak, rather than grossly exaggerated. Articulation should consist of natural easy movements joined with the sound-making breath, and not efforts to push the sound out despite the breath. You want any movement to articulate to be freeing and liberating, not made artificial by loads of exaggerated motions or facial contortions.

热身你的面部肌肉

Warming up your facial muscles

如果你打算跑步甚至散步，你可能会先做一些放松。在发表演讲或表演之前，公共演讲者和演员通常会锻炼声音和嘴巴周围的所有支撑肌肉。

If you’re going to do a run or even take a long walk, you probably do a bit of limbering up first. Public speakers and actors often limber up their voices and all the supporting muscles around their mouths before giving speeches or performances.

然而，在日常生活中，大多数人说话时嘴巴周围都有点懒惰，当他们想被听到时，热身声带肌肉会有所帮助。一点声乐准备可能是一种声音随着懒散的脚步艰难跋涉的声音 - 还是一种自信大步轻松优雅地摆动的声音。

In everyday life, however, most people are a bit lazy around the mouth when they speak, and would benefit from warming up their vocal muscles when they want to be heard. A little vocal preparation can be the difference between a voice that trudges along with a slouching tread – or one that swings easily and gracefully in a confident stride.

不要担心在练习时嘴部动作过大可能会显得很愚蠢。准备好为了你的声音做鬼脸。以下练习是关于放松你的脸、嘴唇和舌头，而不是培养你可以在街上表现出来的表情——尽管你永远不知道它们会在哪里派上用场！

Don’t be concerned that you may look foolish with over-the-top mouth movements when you practise. Be prepared to make funny faces in the interest of your voice. The following practices are about loosening up your face, lips and tongue, not developing expressions you can take out into the street – though you never know where they may come in handy!

在开始锻炼说话的肌肉之前，通过摇晃四肢、活动肩膀、摆动手臂和放松膝盖片刻来释放身体的任何紧张感。请参阅第 5 章，了解大量让您的身体暖和起来的想法。不要一次完成以下面部锻炼——只需选择一两个，然后每次做几秒钟。当您知道如何练习时，只要有片刻的独处时间，例如开车或走路时，您就可以简单地练习您最喜欢的。

Before you start to exercise your speaking muscles, just release any tension in your body by shaking out your limbs, moving your shoulders, swinging your arms and loosening your knees for a moment. See Chapter 5 for loads of ideas to get your body warmed up. Don’t do the following facial exercises all at once – just choose one or two and perform each for a few seconds at a time. When you know how to do them, you can practise your favourites briefly whenever you have a couple of moments alone, when driving or walking for example.

脸

Face

花点时间移动脸部的每一部分：

Spend a few moments moving each part of your face:

紧紧地拧紧你的脸，然后伸展它。使用你的面部肌肉，将它向左拉，然后向右拉。

Screw up your face tightly, then stretch it out. Using your face muscles, pull it to the left and then to the right.

张大嘴巴，然后噘嘴；又宽又噘嘴，又宽又噘嘴。

Stretch your mouth wide, then pout; wide and pout, wide and pout.

抬起和放下你的眉毛。快速闪烁；然后紧闭并睁大双眼，同时和分开。

Raise and lower your eyebrows. Blink fast; then squeeze your eyes tightly shut and wide open, both together and separately.

抬起和放下你的脸颊。

Raise and lower your cheeks.

上下摆动你的下巴。让你的下巴松开并悬垂几秒钟，然后轻轻抬起它。

Wiggle your jaw around and about and up and down. Let your jaw unhinge and hang for a few seconds and then gently lift it.

轻轻按摩您的脸部，尤其是眼睛周围。然后，搓揉你的手掌，直到它们变暖。将温暖的手掌捧成杯状，放在眼睛上。感觉脸上的紧张在温暖中消失。

Gently massage your face, especially around the eyes. Then, rub your palms together until they’re warm. Cup your warm palms and place them over your eyes. Feel any tension in your face melt away in the warmth.

脸上的紧张是你的敌人。你有没有注意到那些面孔像面具一样的人，所以他们隐藏了每一个想法和感受。一张紧张、冷漠的脸会产生一种紧张、沉闷的声音。让你的脸充满活力，让你的声音也充满活力。

Tension in the face is your enemy. Have you ever noticed people with mask-like faces, so set that they hide every thought and feeling. A tight, impassive face creates a tight, dull voice. Let your face be alive and your voice comes alive too.

嘴唇

Lips

听第 10 首曲目。在接下来的过程中，想象你有一张像马一样柔软的大嘴唇：

Listen to Track 10. During the following, imagine that you have large soft lips like a horse:

向各个方向移动你的嘴唇。

Move your lips in all directions.

咧嘴一笑，然后噘起嘴唇向前；重复几次。

Make a wide grin, then pout with your lips well forward; repeat a few times.

咬紧牙关，像马露出牙齿一样移动下唇，然后像冷笑一样露出上唇。

With your teeth together, move your bottom lip like a horse showing its teeth, then bare your top lip up as if you’re sneering.

当你吸气时，像孩子做鬼脸一样用手指把嘴巴张大；然后突然松开你的手指，同时像马一样从你的嘴唇里吹出来：brrrr！

As you take a breath, pull your mouth out wide with your fingers like a child making a funny face; then suddenly let your fingers go, at the same time blowing through your lips like a horse: brrrr!

现在，用空气的耳语，非常快地发音以下内容。每行数 1 和 2——第一次数四声，第二声长音。保持下巴放松和活动：

Now, in a whisper just using air, pronounce the following quite fast. Count 1 and 2 for each line – four sounds to the first count, and one long sound for the second. Keep your jaw relaxed and mobile:

1个 1	2个 2
蜂蜂蜂蜂 Bee bee bee bee	蜜蜂 bee-ee
呸呸呸 Beh beh beh beh	be-eh be-eh
呸呸呸 Bah bah bah bah	呸 ba-ah
呸呸呸 Boh boh boh boh	波欧 bo-oh
呜呜呜呜 Boo boo boo boo	嘘 boo-oo

享受活动面部肌肉的乐趣。这些活动既有趣又自由。伟大的声音喜欢移动的脸和嘴唇！

Enjoy moving your facial muscles. These activities can be fun and freeing. Great voices love mobile faces and lips!

舌头

Tongue

形成单词的主要部分发生在你看不见的嘴里。这个区域通常是传统演讲课程忽略的说话部分。

A major part of forming words takes place way back inside your mouth where you cannot see. This area is often the part of speaking that traditional elocution lessons ignore.

这是锻炼舌头所有部位的锻炼方法。在开始之前，请注意您的舌头在静止时的位置。尖端应该舒适地向前，背部放松，而不是在你的上颚聚成一团。

Here’s a workout that exercises all parts of your tongue. Before you start, note the position of your tongue when it’s lying at rest. The tip should be comfortably forward and the back relaxed and not bunched up in the roof of your mouth.

闭上嘴，在嘴里移动舌头，先触摸一侧，然后再触摸另一侧。

With your mouth closed, move your tongue about inside your mouth to touch one side and then the other.

伸出你的舌头，左右摇晃，上下摇晃，绕一圈。假装你是一只猫，刚喝了一碟牛奶，舔完最后一滴牛奶，然后高兴地舔了舔嘴唇。

Stick out your tongue and shake it all about, side to side, up and down and round in a circle. Pretend that you’re a cat that’s just received a saucer of milk and laps up every last drop and then licks its lips all around with pleasure.

如果可以，将舌头卷成 C 形。

If you can, roll your tongue into a C-shape.

张开你的嘴，看看你的舌头是否可以碰到你的下巴，然后尝试碰到你的鼻尖。

Open your mouth and see whether your tongue can touch your chin and then attempt to touch the tip of your nose.

不使用你的声带，在空气中耳语：lalalala lalalala lalalala lalalala。重复得更快。

Without employing your vocal folds, whisper on air: lalalala lalalala lalalala lalalala. Repeat faster.

如果你可以滚动你的 'r'，请发出像马达一样的 r 声音几秒钟。

If you can roll your ‘r’s, make an r-sound like a motor for a few seconds.

你的舌头比你想象的要大得多。前面的活动只是锻炼你的舌尖。为了锻炼舌头的中部，将舌尖放在下牙上并保持不动，然后将舌头从嘴里来回滚动。当舌头参与运动时，请注意舌头的更后方。

Your tongue is much larger than you may think. The preceding activities exercise just the tip of your tongue. In order to exercise the middle of your tongue, put the tip of your tongue on your bottom teeth and, keeping it there, roll the tongue back and forth out of the mouth and in again. Become aware of the tongue further back as it gets involved in the movement.

不要忘记舌头后部和软腭。张开你的嘴巴，然后在你的嘴巴保持张开的同时放松你的嘴唇。低声发出kaa kaa kaa kaa 的声音，并使用声音nga nga nga nga（这里的声音就像“歌曲”这个词的结尾）。鼓励自己打一个圆圆的哈欠。然后，伴随着打哈欠的感觉，吸气时轻轻耳语kaa kaa kaa kaa 。此时你的喉咙感觉敞开。加入 Track 10！

Don’t forget about the back of your tongue and the soft palate. Open your mouth wide, then relax your lips while your mouth stays open. Whisper the sounds kaa kaa kaa kaa, and using the voice, nga nga nga nga (the sound here is like the end of the word ‘song’). Encourage yourself to do a great round yawn. Then, with the feeling of opening into a yawn, gently whisper kaa kaa kaa kaa on an in-breath. The opening to your throat feels wide open at this point. Join in to Track 10!

乖巧的舌头对讲好话大有帮助。任性的舌头可能是一种责任：

A well-behaved tongue is going to be tremendously helpful in speaking well. A wayward tongue can be quite a liability:

如果你的舌头在说话时向后拉，它会关闭你的喉咙并使你的声音听起来有鼻音。

If your tongue pulls back while speaking, it closes your throat and makes your voice sound nasal.

如果你的舌头后部紧张，你会失去许多明亮的高音和你声音的大部分中音。请参阅第 9 章，了解如何用您的声音创建高低音共鸣。

If the back of your tongue is tense, you lose many of your bright higher tones and much of the middle of your voice too. See Chapter 9 for creating high and low resonance with your voice.

如果你的呼吸支持很弱，你的舌头就会过度参与发出声音并使声音变得模糊。

If your breath support is weak, your tongue gets too involved in making sound and muffles it.

如果您的舌头在口腔后部卷起，您也往往会沾上过多的粘液。

If your tongue is bunched up at the back of your mouth, you tend to get too much mucus too.

当其他一切正常时，您的舌头会愉快地工作，而不会受到您的有意识干扰。如果你想得太多，它对你的嘴来说似乎太大了。良好的热身有助于确保它不会阻挡您的声音。在大多数情况下，您可以保留它。

When everything else is working, your tongue happily does its job without conscious interference on your part. If you think about it too much, it just seems too large for your mouth. A good warm-up helps to ensure that it doesn’t block your sound. For the most part, you can just leave it be.

颚

Jaw

您需要能够松开下巴并自由移动。所以就感觉它打开了。想象你是一条鱼，以同样柔软的噘嘴方式张开和合上你的嘴巴。当您松开下巴时，听到您的嘴唇发出令人满意的爆裂声。检查你的后牙是否分开，这是一个很好的指标，表明你已经松开了下巴。

You need to be able to release the jaw and move it freely. So just feel it flop open. Imagine that you’re a fish and open and close your mouth in the same soft pouty way. Hear your lips give a satisfying popping sound as you release the jaw. Check that your back teeth are separated, which is a good indicator that you’ve released the jaw.

当你看某人说话时，下巴看起来好像参与了发音过程，但只是随着其他面部肌肉和舌头的运动而上下移动。你的下巴在形成单词方面没有积极作用，但它确实需要自由；当它免费时，您的声音就可以响起。

When you watch someone talking, the jaw looks as if it is involved in the enunciation process, but is only moving up and down with the movement of other facial muscles and tongue. Your jaw doesn’t have an active role in forming words, but it does need to be free; and when it’s free your voice is able to ring out.

给你的空气态度

Giving your air attitude

当您放松了所有的面部肌肉后，您就可以为您的交流注入活力了。由您的想法引导的话会令人兴奋。你内心有一种想要交流的能量；说话不仅仅是空洞的健美操。

When you’ve loosened up all your facial muscles, you’re ready to give life to your communication. Speaking words is exciting when it’s led by your thoughts. You’ve an energy inside you that wants to communicate; speaking isn’t just empty calisthenics.

清晰度使你的句子清晰。当您用自己的语言清楚地听到一个句子时，您的大脑会将其分解为单词。但是对于一种你不理解的语言，你会听到连续的声音流，但你无法分辨它是如何分成单个单词的。例如，如果英语是您的语言，您会听到“What are you going to do?” 如五个字。然而，在美国的许多地方，您实际上听到的是一种平滑的扩展声音：“Whaddayagonnado？” - 一个词！这种联合效果很好，可以让语言轻松流动，前提是听众可以理解声音。然而，除非你和你的听众彼此了解和理解，否则如果你想让你的听众听得懂，你需要在句子的流程中让所有的单独的声音都清楚。

Articulation gives clarity to your sentences. When you hear a sentence clearly in your own language, your brain divides it into words. But with a language you don’t comprehend, you hear a continuous stream of sound and you cannot tell how it divides into individual words. For example, if English is your language, you hear ‘What are you going to do?’ as five words. In many parts of the US, however, what you actually hear is a single smooth extended sound: ‘Whaddayagonnado?’ – one word! This joined-up effect is fine and allows language to flow easily, provided that the listener can interpret the sounds. However, unless you and your listener know and understand each other well, you need to make all the individual sounds clear within the flow of the sentence, if you want your listener to follow you.

当你说一个句子时，一股稳定的气流携带着声波。清晰度只是增加了线条的趣味性而不会使它生涩。

When you speak a sentence, a steady stream of air carries the sound waves. Articulation just adds interest to the line without making it jerky.

例如，短语“一、二、三”由连续元音uh-oo-ee组成，其中“w”（听起来像oo）、nn和ththrrr的颜色发生变化：oo-uh-nn-t- oo-thrr-ee。声音流中唯一的轻微缺口或中断是“t”的“t”，几乎不会干扰流。

For example, the phrase ‘one, two, three’ consists of the continuous vowel sounds uh-oo-ee with changes of colour for ‘w’ (which sounds like oo), nn and ththrrr: oo-uh-nn-t-oo-ththrr-ee. The only slight nick or break in the sound stream is for the ‘t’ of ‘two’ and that scarcely disturbs the flow.

你的呼吸肌——隔膜和周围的肌肉——产生连续的气流，而发音肌肉——嘴巴、嘴唇、舌头等——形成单词的形状。

Your breathing muscles – your diaphragm and surrounding muscles – produce a continuous flow of air, while the articulation muscles – mouth, lips, tongue and so on – form the shape of the words.

调到第 11 首曲目。当您唱歌时，这两组肌肉的不同职责是显而易见的，所以现在就开始唱歌吧。别担心，您不必一定会唱好曲子才能从以下内容中获益。

Tune in to Track 11. The differing duties of these two groups of muscles are obvious when you sing, so have a go at singing now. Don’t worry, you don’t have to be able to carry a tune to get benefit from the following.

1. 从一首简单的歌曲中唱一两句。

1. Sing a line or two from a simple song.

试试童谣中的一句台词，例如“唱一首六便士的歌，装满黑麦的口袋”。

Try a line from a nursery rhyme, such as ‘Sing a song of sixpence, a pocket full of rye’.

当你唱这首诗时，各种声音汇聚成一股持续不断的气流。这正是演讲的运作方式。你有一个念头，产生一口气，变成一句有意义的句子。

As you sing this line, the various sounds are joined up in one constant flow of air. That’s exactly how speech works too. You have a thought, which produces a breath, which turns into a sentence with meaning.

2. 重复歌词，但这次要说出来。

2. Repeat the line of song, but say it this time.

保持相似的流程和节奏。

Maintain a similar flow and rhythm.

3. 想想你在日常环境中可能会说的话。

3. Think of something that you may say in your everyday environment.

例如，使用基本介绍（适当填写您的个​​人详细信息）：

For instance, use a basic introduction (filling in your personal details as appropriate):

我叫 [John Smith]，住在 [加利福尼亚] 的 [Santa Cruz]。（呼吸）每天我都忙于[在木板路上向游客出售包子]。

My name is [John Smith] and I live at [Santa Cruz] in [California]. (breath) Each day I am occupied in [selling buns to tourists on the Boardwalk].

4. 唱这几句。

4. Sing this couple of sentences.

不要担心特定的曲调是否会出现。只需享受旋律和节奏，并全身心投入其中。

Don’t worry whether a specific tune emerges. Simply enjoy the melody and rhythm and put your heart and soul into it.

5. 唱完句子后直接用类似的流程、重音和节奏说出单词。

5. Straight after singing the sentences, say the words with a similar flow, emphasis and rhythm.

请注意，声音与您演唱句子时一样连贯，而且词句非常清晰。

Notice that the sounds are just as joined up as when you sang the sentences, and the words are beautifully clear.

背诵高雅的诗歌是增加在气垫上谈话的感觉的好方法。拿几句莎士比亚的台词，像老派的伟大演员一样，以雄辩的方式朗诵。从Macbeth中的以下示例开始。在这些台词中，麦克白在谈论时间的徒劳和缓慢，所以拉长每一行以强调无尽的感觉。这种伸展涉及延长辅音和元音，使您的单词伸展并连接起来。如果你仔细考虑这些声音并赋予这些词很多感觉，你就会很自然地做到这一点。一口气说完每一行，并在每行结束时好好吸一口气。

Reciting high-flown poetry is a great way to increase the feeling of talking on a cushion of air. Take a few lines of Shakespeare and speak them in a declamatory style, like a great actor of the old school. Start off with the following example from Macbeth. In these lines, Macbeth is talking about the futility and slowness of time, so stretch out each line in order to emphasise the endless feeling. This stretching involves lengthening consonants and vowels to make your words stretched out and joined up. You do this quite naturally if you think through the sounds and give the words lots of feeling. Speak each line in one uninterrupted breath, and take a good breath at the end of each line.

明天，明天，再明天， 日复一日地

以这种微小的步伐蠕动，

直到记录时间的最后一个音节；

我们所有的昨天都照亮了傻瓜

通往尘土飞扬的死亡之路。

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,

To the last syllable of recorded time;

And all our yesterdays have lighted fools

The way to dusty death.

利用文字背后的精神能量来引导声音。听听“明天、明天、明天……”的无聊和绝望。. . ' 当你说这些话时，不要让任何东西打断声音的方向。

Use the mental energy behind the words to direct the sound. Hear the boredom and desperation of ‘to-mor-row-and-to-mor-row-and-to-mor-row . . . ’ Allow nothing to break the direction of the sound as you speak the words.

用长音让您的话语栩栩如生

Bringing Your Words to Life with Long Sounds

我最近无意中听到我们邻居的孩子们的声音。'这不公平！' 一个人喊道，高亢的声响一直持续不断。我不知道孩子们在做什么，但我当然明白一个女孩认为这件事不公平。发出长音是人们为他们所说的话赋予意义的方式之一。

I overheard our neighbour’s children recently. ‘That’s not fair!’ shouted one, and the high-pitched sound fai-ai-ai-ai-air went on and on. I don’t know what the children were doing, but I certainly understood that one girl didn’t think the matter was fair. Making long sounds is one of the ways that people bring meaning to what they say.

单词由元音和辅音组成。总的来说，元音听起来带有情感，而辅音则让你的思路清晰。辅音——尤其是长辅音（参见后面的“扩展长辅音”部分）也可以增加情感内容。

Words are made up of vowels and consonants. On the whole, the vowel sounds carry emotion, while the consonants give your thoughts clarity. The consonants – particularly long consonants (see the later section ‘Stretching out the long consonants’) can add emotional content too.

在正常对话中，您可能不会特别注意长音，但它们肯定是听起来有趣的方式。例如，如果您在会议上宣布了一个新项目，如果您将其称为“新项目”，那么整个努力听起来会更具创新性和趣味性。

In normal conversation you may not be particularly aware of long sounds, but they’re certainly the way to sound interesting. For example, if you make an announcement at a meeting about a new project, the entire endeavour sounds more innovative and interesting if you introduce it as the ‘ne-e-w project’.

第二天，当其他人说话时，刻意倾听较长的声音。注意他们加长了哪些词。（这是让无聊的会议变得有趣的一种方法！）观察声音的长度如何增加了其他人评论的意义和意义，并注意延长这些声音对情感的影响。

For the next day, make a deliberate effort to listen out for long sounds when other people speak. Note which words they lengthen. (This is one way to make a boring meeting interesting!) Observe how long sounds add to the sense and significance of others’ comments, and note the emotional impact of lengthening these sounds.

拉长元音

Stretching out the long vowels

元音在某种意义上就是声音。它们是您的空气产生的连续声音。如果你发出一个没有单词的声音，它很可能是一个元音：例如当有人踩你的脚时 - “Ow！” – 或者当您不知道接下来该说什么时 – “呃？” – 或者当你感到震惊时 – “啊！”

Vowels in one sense are the voice. They’re the continuous sounds your air produces. If you make a sound without words, it’s likely to be a vowel: when someone stamps on your foot for example – ‘Ow!’ – or when you don’t know what to say next – ‘Er?’ – or when you’re shocked – ‘Aargh!’

英语只有五个书面元音，但存在更多的元音。以下是主要的发音建议，希望对您有所帮助；您可以根据自己的口音调整这些声音。听听第 12 首曲目中我的元音。

English has only five written vowels, but many more vowel sounds exist. The following are the main ones with pronunciation suggestions to help you; you can adapt these sounds to your own accent. Listen to my vowel sounds on Track 12.

oo （输）

oo (lose)

你 （放）

u (put)

哦 （锅）

oh (pot)

aw （玉米）

aw (corn)

呃 （杯子）

uh (cup)

啊 （卡）

ah (card)

ae （点击）

ae (tap)

嗯 （床）

eh (bed)

ee （珠子）

ee (bead)

呃 （鸟）

er (bird)

我 （大）

i (big)

在没有周围辅音的情况下尝试前面的每个元音发音。看看你的嘴是如何从一个嘴巴移动到另一个嘴巴的。例如：ah-oo, ah-aw, ah-ee, ah-eh, ee-oh, ee-ah。尝试各种组合，从一个元音平稳地移动到下一个元音。请特别注意口腔内部如何变化以形成不同的元音。例如，当您从ee移动到ah 时，您会感觉到嘴巴向内张大。

Try each of the preceding vowels sounds without the surrounding consonants. Check out how your mouth moves to change from one to another. For example: ah-oo, ah-aw, ah-ee, ah-eh, ee-oh, ee-ah. Try various combinations, moving smoothly from one vowel to the next. Be particularly aware of how the inside of your mouth changes to form the different vowels. For example, you feel your mouth widen inside as you move from ee to ah.

继续听曲目 12。两个元音合并在一起的发音经常出现在英语中。这些声音是双元音。例如：

Keep listening to Track 12. Two vowel sounds merging together appear often in English. These sounds are diphthongs. For example:

耳朵 = i-er

ear = i-er

空气=呃呃

air = eh-er

走 =哦哦

go = goh-oo

支付= peh-ee

pay = peh-ee

英语也有三元音（三个音），例如：

English has triphthongs too (three sounds), such as:

火 = fah-i-er

fire = fah-i-er

淋浴 = shah-oo-er

shower = shah-oo-er

当您发出每个元音时，这些词听起来最清晰。你可能只想让最后一个消失在你的喉咙里，让声音变得低沉——这可能会混淆你的意思。

These words sound clearest when you enunciate each of the vowel sounds. You may be tempted just to let the final one disappear down your throat, muffling the sound – and potentially confusing your meaning.

William Butler Yeats 的诗“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”有很多双元音的例子（以粗体标记），尤其是在最后一节：

William Butler Yeats’s poem ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’ has plenty of examples of diphthongs (marked in bold), especially in the last verse:

我会起床然后走，因为无论白天黑夜，我总是能听到湖水拍打岸边的声音。_ _ _ _ _

I will arise and go now,

For always night and day

I hear lake water lapping

With low sounds by the shore.

当你大声朗读前面几行时，充分利用长双元音。感觉它们在你的嘴里滚动。享受他们营造的氛围。

As you read the preceding lines aloud, make the most of the long diphthong sounds. Feel them roll around the inside your mouth. Enjoy the atmosphere they create.

在你说的每一句话中，长元音都会向听众表明你希望他们注意的词。如果你把元音做得很长，这个词就变得更加重要。

In everything you say, the long vowels indicate to the listeners the words that you want them to pay attention to. If you make the vowel really long, the word becomes even more important.

巴拉克奥巴马在 2008 年的竞选演讲中创造了魔力，包括使用长音。这些声音——尤其是在“学校”、“改变”和“相信”等词中——帮助人们联系并记住他。他讲“穷”和“老”的声音在人们耳边响起。他是在一个光荣的传统中讲话，可以追溯到马丁路德金和其他人。事实上，许多人永远不会忘记金在林肯纪念堂台阶上用“梦想”这个词所用的精确语调。在他著名的演讲中，他几乎唱出了“我有一个梦想”这句话。那个梦多久了？可以说，史上最长的梦！

Barack Obama created magic in his 2008 campaign speeches, including through his use of long sounds. These sounds – notably in words such ‘schools’, ‘change’ and ‘believe’ – helped people connect and remember him. The sounds rang in people’s ears when he talked about the ‘poor’ and the ‘old’. He was speaking in an honoured tradition harkening back to Martin Luther King and others. Indeed, many people will never forget the precise intonation that King used on the word ‘dream’ on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his famous speech, he almost sang the words, ‘I have a dream’. How long was that dream? Arguably, the longest dream in history!

享受文字的性格

Enjoying the character of words

单词具有您在长音中带出的特征。赋予单词特征的方式很明显是象声词——发音模仿与单词相关的声音的单词：“moo”、“growl”、“meow”、“purr”、“roar”和“murmur”。但除了这些显而易见的词之外，加长元音可以为许多词赋予额外的特征和意义。

Words have character that you bring out in long sounds. Giving words character happens in obvious ways with onomatopoeia – words whose pronunciation imitates the sound associated with the word: ‘moo’, ‘growl’, ‘meow’, ‘purr’, ‘roar’ and ‘murmur’. But apart from these obvious words, lengthening the vowel sound gives additional character and meaning to many words.

播放曲目 13。用长元音说出下面的单词，带出单词背后的情感。想想你说以下的意思：

Play Track 13. Say the following words with long vowels that bring out the emotion behind the words. Just think of the meaning as you say the following:

我很孤独。（体验那个o声音的凄凉声音。）

I’m lo-onely. (Experience the desolate sound of that o sound.)

辽阔的开阔平原。 （你发出声音的时间越长，平原就越广泛。同样的效果也可以用“长”、“高”和“宽”等词来实现。）

The va-ast open plains. (The longer you make the sound, the more extensive the plain. The same effect is possible with words such as ‘long’, ‘tall’ and ‘wide’.)

风在树丛中呻吟。 （听到风的声音。）

The wind was moa-oaning in the trees. (Hear the sound of the wind.)

他保持冷静。（在那冷静的oo声音的平静中逗留片刻。）

He kept his coo-ool. (Linger a moment in the calm of that cool oo sound.)

来拿武器吧。（感受“温暖”的aw声音中的热量。）

Come and get wa-arm. (Sense the heat in the aw sound of ‘warm’.)

大理石很光滑。（抚摸那个oo-oo声音的平滑度。）

The marble was smoo-ooth. (Caress the smoothness of that oo-oo sound.)

我决心要看透它。（听听那个呃 声音中的意志力。）

I’m deter-ermined to see it through. (Hear the force of will in that er sound.)

说得好不是发出漂亮的元音，而是发出漂亮的元音。这是关于将您的精力投入到与该词相关的感觉中。

Speaking well isn’t about making beautiful vowel sounds; it’s about putting your energy into the feeling associated with the word.

威尔士语的特点是柔和的辅音和从一种声音到另一种声音的平滑变化。威尔士人将这些相同的特征带到他们的英语发音中。威尔士诗人迪伦·托马斯 (Dylan Thomas) 没完没了地弹奏着一系列富有感情的声音。

The Welsh language is characterised by soft consonants and smooth mutations from one sound to the next. The Welsh bring these same features to their pronunciation of English. The Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas, played endlessly with linking series of emotive sounds.

试着大声朗读 Thomas 的广播剧Under Milkwood开头的以下段落，它描述了威尔士小村庄 Llareggub（这个词倒过来拼写很有趣！）晚上的气氛。 如果您知道威尔士口音，请添加！剧作家的指示告诉你要“非常轻柔地”读他的话。当您使用长元音（我用粗体标记）来描述场景时，请保持下巴放松，并对嘴巴内部形成的不同形状感到好奇。听听我在 Track 13 上的尝试。

Try reading aloud the following paragraph from the beginning of Thomas’ radio play, Under Milkwood, which describes the atmosphere of a small Welsh village, Llareggub, (interesting to spell this word backwards!) at night. If you know the Welsh accent, add that! The playwright’s instructions tell you to read his words ‘very softly’. Keep your jaw loose and be curious about the different shapes that form in the inside of your mouth as you use long vowel sounds, which I mark in bold, to describe the scene. Listen to my attempt on Track 13.

现在是春天，在没有月亮的小镇的夜晚，没有星星，黑漆漆的，鹅卵石街道静悄悄的，驼背的人，我们的猎人和兔子黑色的，缓慢的，黑色的，乌鸦黑色的，渔船在海面上摇摆不定。房子像痣一样瞎。_ . . 以及所有被麻痹和哑口无言的人镇上现在可以睡觉了。_ _ _

It is spring, moonless night in the small town, starless and bible-black, the cobblestreets silent and the hunched, courters’-and-rabbits’ wood limping invisible down to the sloeblack, slow, black, crowblack, fishingboatbobbing sea. The houses are blind as moles . . . And all the people of the lulled and dumbfound town are sleeping now.

要感受气氛，请听听理查德·伯顿 (Richard Burton) 录制的Under Milkwood 原声，因为这位富有魅力的威尔士演讲者充分利用了他丰富的音调。

To get a sense of the atmosphere, listen if you can to Richard Burton’s original recording of Under Milkwood, as this charismatic Welsh speaker makes the most of the sounds in his rich tones.

过去伟大的演讲者知道如何使用长元音。您可以在旧录音中听到这些长元音所产生的庄严感。例如，听听富兰克林·罗斯福总统 1933 年的就职演说，尤其是关于恐惧的著名部分。自己说出台词，充分利用粗体的长元音：

Great speakers from the past knew how to use long vowels. You can hear in old recordings the gravitas these long vowels create. Listen, for example, to President Franklin Roosevelt’s 1933 Inauguration speech, especially the famous part about fear. Speak the lines yourself, making the most of the long vowel sounds in bold:

现在是坦率而大胆地说出真相，全部真相的最佳时机。我们也不必在诚实面对我们国家今天的情况时退缩。这个伟大的国家将一如既往地坚持下去，将复兴并繁荣昌盛。所以，首先，让我坚定地相信，我们唯一要害怕的就是恐惧本身。

This is pre-eminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself

拉长的辅音

Stretching out the long consonants

有些辅音就像元音一样，因为你可以将它们加长以赋予某些单词以特征。

Some consonants act like vowels because you can lengthen them in order to give character to certain words.

尝试用长辅音说出以下单词。我建议用一个包含每个单词的句子——但你也可以自己造句。给这个词赋予很多意义，让长辅音变得很长。让您的听众保持悬念！听我在 Track 14 中的示例。

Try saying the following words with long consonants. I suggest a sentence containing each word – but you can make up your own sentences as well. Put lots of meaning into the word and make the long consonants really long. Keep your listener in suspense! Listen to my examples in Track 14.

F f	太棒了 fffantastic	那个进球太棒了！ That goal was fantastic!
H h	可怕的 hhhorrible	恶臭太可怕了！ The stench was horrible!
升 l	无 llless	我一点也不在乎！ I couldn’t care less!
米 m	太棒了 mmmarvellous	这个地方绝对棒极了。 The place was absolutely marvellous.
n n	无处 nnnowhere	她无处可寻。 She was nowhere to be seen.
吴 ng	龙 longng	旅程如此漫长。 The journey was so long.
r r	真实的 rrreal	我只是想让你变得真实。 I just want you to get real.
秒 s	软件 sssoft	天鹅绒很柔软。 The velvet was so soft.
嘘 sh	尖锐的 shsharp	他很年轻，但他很敏锐。 He’s young but he’s sharp.
v v	vv值 vvvalue	这一切都取决于价值。 It all depends on the value.
w w	wwwait wwwait	什么，还要等？ What, we still have to wait?
是 y	年年 yyyearn	他曾经渴望改变。 He used to yearn for a change.
z z	热心的 zzzealous	她的方法非常热心。 She’s pretty zealous in her approach.
日 th	谢谢 ththank	谢谢你，我永远不会忘记。 Thank you, I’ll never forget it.
日 th	那 that	就是那个！ That’s the one!

几对长辅音以几乎相同的方式产生。唯一的区别是一个单独使用空气（无声），另一个使用语音盒（有声）。尝试发出嘶嘶声，sss，像蛇一样。不要做同样的事情并添加你的声音。您现在正在发出声音zzz。

Several pairs of long consonants are produced in almost identical ways. The only difference is that one uses air on its own (un-voiced sound) and the other employs the voice box (voiced sound). Try making a hissing sound, sss, like a snake. Not do the same thing and add your voice. You’re now producing the sound zzz.

如果您的讲话有点懒惰，浊音和清音有时会混在一起，使您不太清楚。

If your speech gets a bit lazy, the voiced and unvoiced sounds sometimes get muddled up and make you less clear.

听曲目 14。以下是浊辅音和非浊辅音的示例。将它们成对尝试并注意差异。您可以通过触摸喉咙来检查差异。当声音是浊音时，你会感觉到振动，但如果声音是清音则不会。

Listen to Track 14. Following are examples of voiced and un-voiced consonants. Try them in pairs and notice the difference. You can check the difference by touching your throat. When the sound is voiced, you feel a vibration there, but not if the sound is unvoiced.

如果你想清楚，你的舌头和嘴唇的动作也需要精确。你不需要大张旗鼓，只是不要草率或懒惰。

If you want to be clear, you need to be precise with your tongue and lip movements too. You don’t need to make a big issue of it, just don’t be sloppy or lazy.

享受长辅音的表现力

Enjoying the expressive qualities of long consonants

长辅音具有多种特征，您可以在延长它们时表现出这些特征。听我在 Track 15 中的示例。

The long consonants have various characteristics that you can draw out as you lengthen them. Listen to my examples in Track 15.

“m”和“n”在声音通过嘴巴发出之前在鼻子中振动。你可以在短语中听到蜜蜂的嗡嗡声：'无数蜜蜂的低语'。你可以通过加长“no”、“never”和“nailed it!”中的“n”来表达美妙的结局。

‘m’ and ‘n’ vibrate in the nose before the sound opens out through the mouth. You can hear the hum of the bees in the phrase: ‘murmuring of innumerable bees’. You can express a wonderful finality by lengthening the ‘n’ in ‘no’, ‘never’ and ‘nailed it!’.

“l”使用你的舌头，在“休闲”、“长”和“懒惰”中会花费很多时间。

‘l’ uses your tongue and can take lots of time about it in ‘leisure’, ‘long’ and ‘languid’.

'r' 就像加速，准备出发。听到悬念，然后突然释放到行动中rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr 和rrrrrrrrr 对！

‘r’ is like revving up, ready for off. Hear the suspense and then the sudden release into action in rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr-eady! and rrrrrrrright!

“f”（如“r”）在您最终打开fffantastic、fffinally或phphew上的元音时具有释放感！

‘f’ (like ‘r’) has the sense of release when you finally open into the vowel on fffantastic, fffinally or phphew!

“v”是一个有价值的字母，它赋予“价值”、“美德”和“验证”确定性和庄严感。

‘v’ is a worthy letter which gives certainty and gravitas to ‘value’, ‘virtue’ and ‘verify’.

'w' 和 'y' 确实是元音。w 听起来像oo和 'y' 听起来像ee。在ooooooooooowunderful中听到奇迹！以及eeeeeeeeeeeeeyawn开放的必然性！

‘w’ and ‘y’ are vowels really. w sounds like oo and ‘y’ sounds like ee. Hear the wonder in oooooooooowunderful! and the inevitability of the opening up in eeeeeeeeeeeeyawn!

“h”只是空气，非常适合用脖子呼气说出可怕的事情，例如hhhhhhhorror、hhhharmful和hhhhuge、hhhhairy hhhhag。

‘h’ is just air, and perfect for breathing down your neck to say scary things like hhhhhhhorror, hhhharmful and hhhhuge, hhhhairy hhhhag.

's' 柔软、光滑、丝滑，或者与 'l' 一起变得像鼻涕虫一样黏糊糊的。

‘s’ is soft, smooth and silky, or, together with ‘l’, becomes slug-like and slimy.

'z' 不太流畅，如 'fuzzy'、'blizzard'、'grizzly'、'dizzy' 和 'crazy'。

‘z’ is much less smooth, as in ‘fuzzy’, ‘blizzard’, ‘grizzly’, ‘dizzy’ and ‘crazy’.

以上当然是文字游戏。不是每一个字都合适。但是在长辅音的声音中寻找意义的想法很有趣，因此可以帮助您听起来更有趣。

The preceding are word games, of course. Not every word fits. But the idea of finding meaning in the sound of the long consonant is fun to do and helps you sound more interesting as a result.

仔细聆听最好的政治演讲中的长辅音，你会发现它们无处不在。例如，在随后的温斯顿丘吉尔爵士 1940 年的“血汗泪”演讲中，我将主要的长辅音标记为粗体。自己大声朗读这段话，拉长长元音和长辅音。请注意长音如何使您的话具有真正的丘吉尔风格：

Listen out for long consonants in the best political speeches, and you will find them everywhere. For example, in Sir Winston Churchill’s ‘blood, sweat and tears’ speech of 1940 that follows, I’ve marked the main long consonants in bold. Read the passage yourself out loud, lengthening the long vowels as well as the long consonants. Note how the long sounds give your words a truly Churchillian ring:

你问，我们的政策是什么？我会说：这是发动战争，海陆空，用我们所有的力量和上帝能给我们的力量：发动战争反对一个可怕的暴政，n在人类犯罪的黑暗、 可悲的目录中永远被超越。这是我们的政策。你问，我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来回答：胜利。

You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us: to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, What is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory.

用短促的声音添加闪光

Adding Sparkle with Short Sounds

如果你完全用长音说话，你的演讲就像是没完没了地吃草莓和奶油，没有任何辛辣或刺激的东西来提神。这就是短音的用武之地。它们增加了速度和重点。他们经常让你大吃一惊，让你措手不及。它们增加了亮度。

If you spoke entirely with long sounds, your speech would be like an endless diet of strawberries and cream without anything spicy or sharp to liven it up. This is where the short sounds come in. They add pace and emphasis. They often surprise you and bring you up short. They add lightness.

短音也挑战你！想一想古老的绕口令“Peter Piper”，其中充满了短音。来吧，快速锻炼一下你的声音：

Short sounds challenge you too! Think of the old tongue twister, ‘Peter Piper’, which is abundantly populated with short sounds. Go ahead, give your voice a quick workout:

彼得派珀摘了一撮腌辣椒。

彼得·派珀 (Peter Piper) 采摘的一小撮腌辣椒。

如果 Peter Piper 采摘了一撮腌辣椒，那么

Peter Piper 采摘的一撮腌辣椒在哪里？

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

Where’s the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

你必须非常活泼，才能让你的舌头绕过一串短促的声音。寻找其他绕口令并尝试一下。以下部分探讨短声音的所有惊人能量。

You have to be pretty sprightly to get your tongue around clusters of short sounds. Look out for other tongue twisters and try them out. The following sections explore short sounds in all their surprising energy.

用短辅音为你的演讲着色

Colouring your speech with short consonants

英语有八个主要的短辅音。像一些长辅音（请参阅上一节“扩展长辅音”），它们以浊音和非浊音成对出现，您可以通过类似的嘴巴、嘴唇和舌头运动来发音。非浊音仅使用空气，而浊音则使用声带。

English has eight main short consonants. Like some of the long consonants (see the previous section ‘Stretching out the long consonants’), they come in voiced and un-voiced pairs that you produce with similar mouth, lip and tongue movements. The un-voiced sound uses just air and the voiced sound engages the vocal folds.

让你的舌头绕过这些声音，一开始慢慢地读台词，然后越来越快。听我试试第16首曲目，每行四拍，最后一个音节很长。尝试各种短辅音的组合，例如：

Get your tongue around the sounds, reading the lines slowly at first, and then getting faster. Listen to me try in Track 16. Each line has four beats and the last syllable is long. Try all sorts of combinations of short consonants, for example:

短辅音的一个挑战是确保浊音和清音对听起来彼此不同。例如，当您命令某人不要触摸某物时，您不想听起来像一个鼻子有永久性感冒的人，“不要冲洗那个东西！”。

One challenge with short consonants is making sure that the voiced and unvoiced pairs sound different from each other. For instance, you don’t want to sound like someone with a permanent cold in your nose as you order someone not to touch something, ‘Don’t douch dat!’.

练习你的精确度。轻松快速地说出以下内容，首先是单独的辅音，然后是单词 (Track 16)：

Practise your precision. Say the following easily and fast, first the consonants alone, then with words (Track 16):

公斤公斤公斤公斤 k g k g k g k g	羊肠线，羊肠线，羊肠线，羊肠线 catgut, catgut, catgut, catgut
pbpbpbpb p b p b p b p b	可怜的孩子，可怜的孩子，可怜的孩子，可怜的孩子 poor boy, poor boy, poor boy, poor boy
tdtdtd t d t d t d t d	做，做，做，做 to do, to do, to do, to do
ch j ch j ch j ch j ch j ch j	跳笨蛋，跳笨蛋，跳笨蛋 jump chump, jump chump, jump chump

如果你想真正清楚，你要特别注意你的wor's的en发音。我的意思是“你的话结束了”。有些口音往往会切断声音的结尾，因此单词会在最后一个辅音之前突然结束，或者只是在你的喉咙里停下来。我能理解你不想听起来学究气，但这些结尾的声音确实有助于你被你的直接圈子之外的人清楚地理解。

If you want to be really clear, you take special care to pronounce the en’s of your wor’s. By that, I mean ‘the ends of your words’. Some accents tend to cut off the ends of sounds, so that the word ends abruptly before the final consonant or just tails off into your throat. I can understand that you don’t want to sound pedantic, but these end sounds do help you to be clearly understood by people outside your immediate circle.

许多人的结尾是带有一串辅音的结尾。尝试说以下内容：“煮熟、拖拽、踩踏、棍棒、愚弄、减半、冷却、污秽、沐浴、下一个、升降机、第八个、桅杆” 。为了清楚，您需要发音两个最后的辅音。检查您是否没有在辅音之间放置额外的元音，例如dra-guh-duh（拖动）。所需的动作很小，但很精确。

The endings that catch many people out are the ones with a cluster of consonants. Try saying the following: ‘cooked, dragged, stepped, clubbed, fooled, halved, cools, filth, bathed, next, lifts, eighth, masts’. In order to be clear, you need to pronounce both final consonants. Check that you don’t put an extra vowel between the consonants, for instance dra-guh-duh (dragged). The movements required are small, but precise.

辅音非常有冲击力，它们也能保护你的声音。如果你想发表一个强烈的声明——即使是愤怒的——用能量击打首字母——试试“暴力”的“v” ， “荒谬”的“p”，“厌恶”的“d”。一个发音有力的辅音会强烈地发出这个词，并且不会强迫你的声带。

Consonants are great for impact, and they save your voice too. If you want to make a strong statement – even an angry one – hit the initial consonants with energy – try the ‘v’ of ‘violent’, the ‘p’ of ‘preposterous’, the ‘d’ of ‘disgusted’. A powerfully enunciated consonant launches the word strongly and doesn’t force your vocal folds.

用短元音和辅音表达情感

Expressing emotion with short vowels and consonants

辅音可以承载强烈的意图和能量。在英国情景喜剧《米兰达》中，这位身高 6 英尺、容易出事故的女主角有时会突然说出一个词，然后突然停止表演，因为她在嘴里播放着声音，享受着它的声音。“阴沉——咕噜咕噜咕噜咕噜——多么咕噜咕噜咕噜咕噜的声音！”

Consonants can carry loads of strong intention and energy. In the British sitcom Miranda, the gauche 6-foot accident-prone heroine sometimes catches herself saying a word and then suddenly stops the show as she plays the sound around in her mouth, delighting in its sound. ‘Gloomy – guhllllooooommmmy – what a guhllllooooommmmy sound!’

自己也这样做。找几个简短的词并尝试它们的发音：“plop”、“plonk”、“click”、“splosh”、“blog”。进入你内心的孩子，享受单词的嘴巴形状和感觉。每次你把这个词发音得越重，它听起来就越奇怪！Lewis Carroll 喜欢这样的声音，并习惯用短元音和辅音组成单词，介绍了 Jabberwock 、 jubjub bird和bandersnatch 等动物。找到你自己的短语或像 Lewis Carroll 那样编造单词，为短辅音赋予能量。

Do the same yourself. Find a few short words and play around with their sounds: ‘plop’, ‘plonk’, ‘click’, ‘splosh’, ‘blog’. Access the child in you and enjoy the mouth shapes and sensation of the words. Each time you pronounce the word more strongly, the more odd it sounds! Lewis Carroll loved such sounds and used to make up words with short vowels and consonants, introducing animals like the Jabberwock, the jubjub bird and the bandersnatch. Find your own phrases or make up words like Lewis Carroll, giving energy to short consonants.

通常情况下，短辅音与短元音搭配使用会产生非常具有爆发力的单词，例如“bang”、“pop”或“jab”。它们很适合命令，比如“开始！” 或“不要！” 他们也可能突然出现在你面前，比如“gag”或“grab”。

Often, short consonants go with short vowels to give you a wonderfully explosive word like ‘bang’, ‘pop’ or ‘jab’. They’re good for orders, like ‘go!’ or ‘don’t!’ They can also come upon you suddenly like ‘gag’ or ‘grab’.

短元音也可以像长元音一样表达，只不过不是继续发声，而是在短元音之后，在下一个辅音之前，您会听到一个静音。例如，在单词“massive”中，您可以简单地用一个短元音来表达它，或者您可以在“a”之后创建一个空格，使单词看起来更大：massive。

A short vowel can also be expressive in the same way as a long vowel, only instead of the sound continuing, you hear the short vowel with a silence after it, before the next consonant. For example, in the word ‘massive’, you can say it simply with a short vowel, or you can create a silent space after the ‘a’ which makes the word seem even larger: ma ssive.

自己用富有表现力的词语发表声明。例如，试试这些句子：

Make statements with expressive words yourself. Try these sentences for example:

“这是一个完整的重磅炸弹”

‘It came as a complete bo mbshell’

“服务很糟糕。 ”

‘The service was drea dful.’

“那太离谱了！ ”

‘That’s just ridi culous!’

等待比感觉自然的时间长一点，然后听听它如何在寂静中产生额外的能量。不过不要太频繁地使用这个设备，否则你的声音确实会很糟糕！

Wait a fraction longer than feels natural and hear how that creates an added energy in the silence. Don’t use this device too often though, or you will indeed sound ridi culous!

每次你以这种方式玩文字游戏时，都要发明意义并在你的演讲中投入大量精力。当您这样做时，您会自动充分利用长元音和短元音和辅音——而无需掌握技术。您可能会发现找人一起练习很有趣。

Every time you play with words in this way, invent meanings and put lots of energy into your speech. When you do, you automatically make the most of long and short vowels and consonants – without ever having to be technical about it. You may find it entertaining to find someone to practise with.

最初是锻炼身体技能，最终会变成更有意义的事情。当您将精力和意图投入其中时，单词会变得更加清晰，这也是您与人联系的方式。那你说话！

What starts out as physical skill-building eventually turns into something more meaningful. Words become clearer as you invest energy and intent into them, and that’s how you connect with people too. Then you’re talking!

第七章

Chapter 7

探索体积和速度

Exploring Volume and Speed

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

调高和调低音量

Turning your volume up and down

引起人们的注意

Getting people’s attention

随心所欲

Playing with your pace

在某人发表演讲后，您经常听到的批评是什么？太安静或太大声，太快或太慢。确保其他人倾听您的声音的最简单方法之一就是调整音量和速度。这意味着适合场合，无论是公开演讲、向小组演讲、与同事交谈还是打电话。幸运的是，培养调整音量和速度的能力非常简单，并且对您作为沟通者的影响力产生巨大影响。当您完全控制声音的音量和速度按钮时，您可以适应任何场合，并选择您想要如何回应人们。

What are the criticisms you hear frequently after someone’s given a speech? Too quiet or too loud, too fast or too slow. One of the easiest ways to ensure others listen to you is to get your volume and your speed right. This means right for the occasion, whether that’s public speaking, addressing a small group, talking to a colleague or making a phone call. Fortunately, developing your ability to adjust your volume and speed is quite straightforward and makes an enormous difference to your impact as a communicator. When you have full control of the volume and speed buttons of your voice, you can adapt to any occasion, and choose how you want to respond to people.

调高（和调低）音量

Turning Up (and Down) the Volume

一位女商人在一家大型城市酒店的社交活动中遇到一位同事。“你好，”她微笑着说。“我是卡罗琳。你叫什么名字？' “T'ong，”他平静地回答。“我很抱歉，”她道歉道，“我没听清楚。” “T'ong，”他重复道。'请原谅我——房间很吵是吧？你说什么？“T'ong，”他静静地看着地板重复道。' 是的。. .' 她尴尬地喃喃自语。'怎么拼写？' 同事用提高的语调和疑惑的表情慢慢地回答，“T - O - M？”

A business woman meets an associate at a networking event in a large city hotel. ‘Hello,’ she says smiling. ‘I’m Caroline. What’s your name?’ ‘T’ong,’ he replies quietly. ‘I’m so sorry,’ she apologises, ‘I didn’t quite catch that.’ ‘T’ong,’ he repeats. ‘Please forgive me – noisy room isn’t it? What was that you said?’ ‘T’ong,’ he repeats quietly looking at the floor. ‘Ri-ight . . .’ she murmurs in embarrassment. ‘How do you spell that?’ The associate replies slowly with rising intonation and a quizzical look, ‘T - O - M?’

你有没有遇到过一个说话含糊不清的人，让你陷入类似的尴尬境地？就像轶事中的女人一样，三次似乎是人们觉得可以要求某人重复自己的次数的极限。在那之后，大多数人所能做的就是微笑并用呆滞的表情点点头。没有什么比听不见别人说的话更令人沮丧的了，但人们常常不愿承认他们听不见，只是默默地坐在沮丧中。说话的时候不要这样让人受罪！

Have you ever been put in a similar embarrassing situation by a speaker who mumbled? Like the woman in the anecdote, three times seems to be the limit to the number of times that people feel they can ask someone to repeat themselves. After that, all most people can do is smile and nod with a glazed look. Few things are more frustrating than not being able to hear what someone says, but people often hesitate to admit that they can’t hear and just sit in silent frustration. Don’t make people suffer in this way when you speak!

当你说话时，请注意是否有人在旁边注视着你。他们是不是很无聊，该吃午饭了，还是因为你太安静或喃喃自语而放弃了听你说话？如果你在一个很大的空间里讲话，检查一下后面的人是否能听到你的声音。如果他们不能，鼓励他们在任何阶段通过管道。

Keep an eye out for people glazing over when you speak. Are they bored, is it time for lunch, or have they given up trying to hear you because you’re too quiet or mumbling? If you’re speaking in a large space, check whether people can hear you at the back. Encourage them to pipe up at any stage if they can’t.

另一方面，您可能会拥有太多好东西。有些人说话时会产生如此高的分贝，您可以想象他们在熙熙攘攘的派克鱼市场或海德公园角的集会上当过公开演讲的学徒。告诉人们他们太大声感觉比与安静的说话者打交道更具个性。如果你声音太大，人们通常不会告诉你，但当你说话时他们可能会退后一步或把头缩回去。注意他们给你的线索并相应地调整你的声音。侧边栏“亲密接触”建议如何为一对一对话找到合适的音量。

On the other hand, you can have too much of a good thing. Some people produce so many decibels when they speak that you can imagine they served an apprenticeship in public speaking at bustling Pike Place Fish Market or on a hustings at Hyde Park Corner. Telling people that they’re too loud feels even more personal than dealing with quiet speakers. If you’ve an over-loud voice, people don’t usually tell you, but they may step back from you or pull their heads back when you speak. Be aware of the clues they give you and adjust your voice accordingly. The sidebar, ‘Intimate encounters,’ suggests how to find the right volume for one-to-one conversations.

以正确的水平为他人说话并不是一门精确的科学。找到最佳音量取决于您的音调、清晰度、房间的声学效果和听众的听觉能力。可以肯定的是，您需要能够将声音从大声变为小声，并适应听众的要求，正如我在以下部分中详述的那样。

Speaking at the right level for other people isn’t an exact science. Finding your best volume depends on your tone, your clarity, the acoustics of the room and your audience’s hearing abilities. What’s certain is that you need to be able to vary your voice from loud to soft, and tune into your listeners’ requirements, as I detail in the following sections.

投射你的声音

Projecting your voice

在音乐学院，大师马格雷蒂急于用歌唱学生在大剧院的期末表演给大家留下好印象。他在他们定期上课的小工作室里评估他的歌手，并给他认为声音最强的人在节目中的主要位置。下半场给了一个声音小高的小学生一个不起眼的空档。他们在剧院里进行了一次排练，排练期间，艺术大师站在大圆圈的后面，以确保他们都能顺利通过。偌大的会场中，一些声音很大的学员听起来并没有想象中的那么有力。经过漫长的等待，小学生来到舞台中央唱起了她的曲子。出乎所有人意料的是，她的声音清晰的传遍了偌大的剧场的每一处，它的清晰度和美丽让每个人都惊叹不已。当更大的声音挣扎时，学生如何能够实现这一目标？答案是她拥有一项她的老师没有完全理解的技能。她知道如何创造一种能传唱的声音——她有这样的秘诀投影。

At the music conservatoire, Maestro Magretti was anxious to create a good impression with his singing students’ final performance in the grand theatre. He assessed his singers in the small studio where they had their regular lessons, and gave those he thought had the strongest voices prime positions in the programme. A small student with a small high voice was given an inconspicuous slot in the second half. They had one rehearsal in the theatre, during which the maestro stood at the back of the grand circle to make sure that they all came across well. In the enormous venue, some students with large voices didn’t sound quite as strong as he’d hoped. After a long wait, the small student came to the centre of the stage to sing her piece. To everyone’s surprise, her voice rang out clearly to every part of the huge theatre, amazing everyone with its clarity and beauty. How was the student able to achieve that when bigger voices had struggled? The answer is that she possessed a skill her teacher didn’t fully understand. She knew how to create a sound that carries – she had the secret of projection.

投射与力量或力量无关，而与共振或振动有关。三个主要因素会影响您的声音有效共鸣的能力：放松、良好的呼吸和强烈的意图。我依次介绍每一个。

Projection has nothing to do with strength or force, and everything to do with resonance, or vibration. Three main factors affect your voice’s ability to resonate effectively: relaxation, good breathing and strong intention. I cover each in turn.

松弛

Relaxation

当有人从会议室或礼堂后面大喊“听不见你说话”时，这可能会令人不安。如果您像大多数演讲者一样，您的本能会立即做出更大的努力，这可能包括推动、拉紧和向前伸脖子以发出声音。馊主意！

It can be disconcerting when someone shouts out from the back of a conference room or an auditorium, ‘Can’t hear you.’ If you’re like most speakers, your instinct is immediately to make a bigger effort, which may include pushing, tensing and sticking your neck forward to get the tone out. Bad idea!

如果你想投射，专注于放松（第 5 章）。当你的身体紧张或自由时，你发出的声音的不同就像用碗托住酒杯（实际上更像是叮当声）和用柄托住酒杯（一个美丽清晰的环）之间的区别。

If you want to project, focus on relaxation (Chapter 5). The difference in your sound when your body is tense or free is like the difference between clinking a wine glass held by its bowl (actually more of a clanking sound) and held by its stem (a beautiful clear ring).

以下练习可帮助您听到并感觉到释放您的声音。找一个您可以随意发出声音并四处走动的地方。

The following practice helps you hear and feel releasing your voice. Find a place where you feel free to make a noise and move around.

1. 吸一口气，全身摇晃：头、肩、腰、臀、手臂、手、腿和膝盖。

1. Take a breath and shake your body all over: head, shoulders, waist, buttocks, arms, hands, legs and knees.

摇晃时，以长长的“哈”声呼气。主要集中在摇晃上，随着你的摇晃越来越多地释放你的身体。

As you shake, release your breath in a long ‘haah’ sound. Focus mostly on the shaking, releasing more and more of your body as you go.

你松开你的肩膀了吗？你的脖子？你的膝盖？聆听每一种新的放松意识如何释放更多的声音，有时令人吃惊。

Have you released your shoulders? Your neck? Your knees? Listen to how each new awareness of relaxation releases more sound, sometimes startlingly so.

每一种乐器，从三角钢琴到大提琴，都是通过引起空气振动而发出声音的，而你也是一个振动的乐器。站直并放松，这样您就可以产生自由的声音振动。您放松得越多，您可以创造的音量就越大。紧张和放松之间的音量差异非常明显。

Every musical instrument, from a triangle to a cello, makes sound by causing air to vibrate, and you too are a vibrating instrument. Stand upright and at ease so that you can create free sound vibrations. The more you relax, the greater the volume you can create. The difference in volume between being tense and being relaxed is extraordinarily marked.

2. 当您感到放松并准备就绪时，双脚稳稳地着地，膝盖保持柔软，并以舒适的音调哼唱。

2. When you feel relaxed and ready, plant your feet firmly, keep your knees soft and hum on a comfortable note.

想象声波从你身上向四面八方回荡，就像一个灯泡将光传播到房间的每个角落。

Picture the sound waves echoing from you in all directions, like a light bulb spreading light to every corner of a room.

3. 继续呼吸和哼唱，依次注意声波所经过的各个方向。

3. Continue to breathe and hum, and focus in turn on each of the directions taken by the sound waves.

• 感受从你的背后传来的声音。

• Sense the sound coming out from your back.

• 在你下一次呼气时，感受声音从你的侧面传播开来。

• With your next out-breath, feel the sound spread out sideways from you.

• 感受从您的胸部呈宽弧形向前辐射的声音。

• Sense the sound radiating forwards from your chest in a wide arc.

• 然后感受声波同时向各个方向传播。

• Then feel the sound waves move out in all directions at the same time.

4. 说一个短语，感觉它向前、向旁边和向后移动。

4. Say a phrase, feeling it move forwards, sideways and backwards.

例如，说“这就是我想让你听到的”，感觉声音在你面前移动。重复这句话，感觉它在你身后传播。再说一遍，注意侧身发出的声音；再一次，感受这句话从你身上向四面八方辐射。

For example, say ‘This is what I want you to hear’, feeling the sound move out in front of you. Repeat the phrase, feeling it travel out behind you. Say it again, focusing on the sound going out sideways; then again, sensing the phrase radiating out from you in all directions.

站在您身后的人应该能够像站在您面前的人一样清楚地听到您的声音。

Someone standing behind you should be able to hear you as clearly as someone standing in front of you.

说话的时候，检查你的下巴。如果你的下巴很紧，它会阻挡声音。你想要一种放松喉咙和下巴周围区域的感觉。有关放松下巴的更多技巧，请参阅第 6 章。

As you speak, check your jaw. If your jaw is tight, it’s going to block the sound. You want to get a feeling of letting go all around the area of throat and jaw. See Chapter 6 for more tips on relaxing your jaw.

呼吸

Breath

当你走上山坡时，想一想当你登上山顶并被清新的空气和远处的景色所迎接的那一刻。在那一刻，你自然而然地深吸一口气，吸收新鲜空气和美景。这就是您希望自己的声音带有的那种气息。想象你自己在山顶，现在呼吸那美妙而清晰的呼吸。

When you walk up a hill, think of the moment when you come over the summit and are greeted by a fresh flow of air and a distant view. At that moment, you naturally take a nice full breath to absorb both fresh air and fine view. That’s the kind of breath you want for your voice to carry. Imagine yourself at the top of the hill and take that wonderful clear breath now.

这种呼吸一定是 2000 年前希腊演员在巨大的露天圆形剧场中呼吸的那种，他吸气，让自己充满广阔的空间感，然后说出要带到最远一排的台词远在他之上。如果您愿意，可以想象您是希腊演员，在执行以下操作时自信地站着。播放曲目 17。

This breath is the kind that a Greek actor must have taken in a vast open-air amphitheatre 2,000 years ago, as he breathed in, filling himself with a sense of the large space, before speaking lines that were going to carry to the farthest row far above him. If you like, imagine you’re that Greek actor standing confidently with great presence while you do the following. Play Track 17.

1. 将你的手举到身前，掌心朝向你的脸；正常呼吸并用自然的声音对着您的手说话。

1. Hold up your hand in front of you, palm facing your face; breathe normally and speak in a natural voice to your hand.

说一些简单的话，例如“你好，手”。（嗯，这很简单！）

Say something simple, such as ‘Hello, hand.’ (Well, that’s easy!)

2. 看着离你约3米远的物体，吸一口气，对着那个物体说话

2. Look at an object about 3 metres away from you, take a medium breath and speak to that object

再次说一些简单的话，例如“你好，窗口”。注意能量的轻微增加——稍微大一点的呼吸和更强烈的意图被听到——你需要穿越更大的空间。

Again say something simple like ‘Hello, window.’ Note the slight increase in energy – the slightly bigger breath and the stronger intention to be heard – that you need to cross the larger space.

3. 眺望窗外远处的外部景观，呼吸新鲜的“山顶”气息，然后说，“嘿，地平线！”

3. Look out of the window to a far point of the external landscape, take a fresh ‘top of the hill’ breath and say, ‘Hey there, horizon!’

当你吸气时，注意你是如何感觉更大更宽，并注意到你的能量增加和穿越广阔空间的意图。

Note how you feel larger and wider as you take in breath and notice the increase in your energy and intention to cross the wide space.

就在你释放声音之前，想象一下打哈欠。那个时候不要真的打哈欠，只要想着打哈欠就会自然地张开喉咙发出声音。

Just before you release the sound, imagine yawning. Don’t actually yawn at that moment, but merely thinking about yawning opens your throat naturally to release the sound.

与其试图为更远的距离发出更大的声音，不如想象你的声音以弧形在空间中旋转。为了进一步投射你的声音，想象一下声波旋转得更快，并以更宽的弧线从你身边移出，到达目的地。

Rather than attempting to produce a louder voice for the larger distance, imagine your sound spinning through space in an arc. For projecting your voice further, picture the sound waves spinning faster and moving out from you in a broader arc to reach the destination.

当你这样做时，借用剧院里的一句话，你就是在发出你的声音。你的声音需要走的距离越远，弧度越大，气息越大。对于长距离，想象一下抛出你的声音，放开它，就像从你的手中以弧形释放一个球一样。当你的声音沿着弧线向上传播时，想像说话更明亮。

When you do this, you are, to borrow a phrase from the theatre, placing your voice. The further the distance your voice needs to go, the bigger the arc and the larger the breath. For long distances, imagine throwing your voice, letting it go, just like releasing a ball in an arc from your hand. Think of speaking more brightly as your voice travels up the arc.

感受吸气不仅充满你的身体，而且充满你周围的整个房间。在房间里呼吸。

Feel the in-breath filling not only your body but the whole room surrounding you. Breathe in the room.

意图

Intention

成功投射的第三个要素也许是最重要的——意图。在这种情况下，激情和决心这两个词具有相似的含义。

The third element of successful projection is perhaps the most important – intention. The words passion and determination have similar meanings in this context.

如果你的意图很强烈，你会自动深呼吸并释放你的身体。如果你真的想要被听到，你就会被听到。

If your intention is strong, you automatically breathe deeply and free up your body. If you really intend to be heard, you are heard.

想象一下，您需要大喊“着火了！” 深吸一口气；当你的肋骨肌肉扩张时，抬高你的胸部以便为空气留出更多空间，并抬起你的手臂以腾出空间来填充肺部的较高部分。一旦您迫切需要提醒人们，这些事情都会在一次动作中自然发生。浑身充满了空气，膨胀得像只牛蛙！现在充分发泄一个词。（也许大喊“很好”而不是“着火了”，这样你的邻居就不会跑了！）

Imagine that you need to yell ‘Fire!’ Take a big breath, deep down; raise your chest to allow more space for air as your rib muscles expand, and lift up your arms to make room to fill the higher part of your lungs as well. These things all happen naturally in a single movement as soon as you’ve the urgent need to alert people. Your whole body fills with air, puffing up like a bullfrog! Now give full vent to a word. (Maybe shout ‘Fine’ instead of ‘Fire’ so that your neighbours don’t come running!)

人们发誓时是带着强烈的意图说话的。我不打算在这里写一个脏话清单，但也许一些伊丽莎白时代的强硬语言可以让你充满活力！跟随活动使用莎士比亚的各个角色所说的话，与剧院坑中的站立观众进行口语交谈。

People speak with strong intention when they swear. I’m not about to write a list of swear words here, but perhaps some Elizabethan strong language can energise you! The follow activity uses words spoken by various Shakespeare characters, talking colloquially to the standing spectators in the pit of the theatre.

1. 与伙伴一起工作（最好），站在至少相距 10 米的可以大声说话的地方。

1. Working with a partner (preferably), stand at least 10 metres apart in a space where you can make loud sounds.

用大量旺盛的毒液喊出以下短语。轮流辱骂对方。将您掌握的所有内容放入每个短语中。

Call out the following phrases with plenty of exuberant venom. Hurl insults at each other in turn. Put everything you’ve got into each phrase.

• 你这个白痴！

• Thou clay-brained guts!

• 你这群畜生！

• Thou bolting-hutch of beastliness!

• 你这有毒的驼背蟾蜍！

• Thou poisonous bunch-back’d toad!

• 你这个杂耍演员，你这个毒瘤！

• You juggler, you canker-blossom!

• 你这脑残的血块 ！

• Thou boil-brained clotpole!

• 你这该死的败类鸽子！

• Thou pribbling ill-breeding pigeon!

多么富有表现力的语言！或许您可以将其中一些出色的表达重新投入使用！

What expressive language! Perhaps you can bring some of these brilliant expressions back into regular use!

你有多少次真的像那样“放手”？许多人是如此“文明”，他们做梦也不会想到提高自己的声音超过一定程度。当你放下压抑时，享受解放的感觉。

How often do you really ‘let go’ like that? Many people are so ‘civilised’, they wouldn’t dream of raising their voice beyond a certain level. Enjoy the feeling of liberation when you let go of inhibition.

2. 试着对你的伴侣进行更多的侮辱，但这次要背对着对方。

2. Try hurling more insults at your partner, but this time face away from each other.

许多人惊讶地发现，当他们想象将声音从背后抛出时，声音会更自由、更响亮。以这种方式站立可以防止您屈服于将声音向前推的诱惑。

Many people find to their surprise that the sound is freer and louder when they imagine throwing the sound out of their back. Standing this way prevents you from succumbing to the temptation to push the sound forward.

为你的大嗓门加油的能量是你的情感——你的感觉、你的激情、决心、凶猛或大胆的力量。当您将更多的精神和情感能量投入到您所说的内容中时，您可以更轻松地大声说话，而不是从身体上考虑大声说话。

The energy fuelling your loud voice is your emotion – the strength of your feeling, your passion, determination, fierceness or boldness. You can speak louder much more easily when you put increased mental and emotional energy into what you’re saying, rather than thinking physically about speaking louder.

你需要充分呼吸，并能够释放你的身体来发出你的声音。你的声音需要自由尖叫！但是，您可以在充满激情的情况下变得紧张，正如许多足球迷在比赛结束后的第二天早上醒来时发现的那样！翻到第 4 章了解更多关于呼吸的信息。

You need a full breath and the ability to free up your body to project your voice. Your voice needs to be free to scream! You can, however, go tense with passion, as many football fans realise when they wake up with no voice the morning after the match before! Turn to Chapter 4 for more on your breath.

获得关注

Gaining attention

我经常指导那些难以倾听的人。人们有时可以为辩论或对话做出真正的贡献，但不知道如何切入讨论并引起人们的注意。

I often coach people who have a problem getting listened to. People sometimes have a genuine contribution to make to a debate or conversation, but don’t know how to cut into the flow of discussion and get people’s attention.

您是否曾经在会议中想出一个好主意，但直到后来另一个团队成员介绍了相同的想法后才有人接受它？如果您和大多数人一样，当突然之间每个人都热情地接受您已经提出的那个 想法时，您可能会感到吃惊甚至愤怒！

Have you ever been in a meeting when you came up with a great idea but nobody picked it up until another team member introduced the same idea later on? If you’re like most people, you were probably taken aback or even outraged when suddenly everyone enthusiastically latched onto that idea that you had already proposed!

震耳欲聋的kiai喊声肯定会引起人们的兴趣（请参阅边栏“武术中的意图和意识”），但您可能应该避免在会议室这样做。那么，您还能如何使用您的声音来吸引注意力呢？

An ear-splitting kiai shout certainly attracts interest (see the sidebar ‘Intention and awareness in the martial arts’), but you probably should avoid doing that in the boardroom. So how else can you use your voice to gain attention?

马克·安东尼在莎士比亚的戏剧《凯撒大帝》中给出了答案。“朋友们，罗马人，同胞们，请听我说，”他大声宣布，（麦克风还记得那个时代）；人群缓和下来，变得安静。然后，他发表了一篇关于凯撒的精彩演讲，激怒了人群。他没有在第一行提到凯撒，因为所有的噪音都在继续，并不是每个人都会听到。他的第一行是听电话。

Mark Antony has an answer in Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar. ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears,’ he declares loudly, (an era before microphones remember); the crowd simmers down and becomes hushed. He then launches into a brilliant speech about Caesar that inflames the crowd. He doesn’t mention Caesar in the first line, because with all the noise going on not everyone is going to hear. His first line is the call to listen.

许多有技巧的老师都知道这个策略，一位朋友用通俗的话说，“先让他们闭嘴，然后再告诉他们。” 她经常会提高嗓门说几句话来引起注意，“现在，同学们，这里有一个你可以使用的特殊技巧……”紧接着，在她大声干预造成的短暂平静中，她把声音压低了很多，所以她的学生必须安静才能听到。

Many a skilful teacher knows this strategy, expressed colloquially by a friend as, ‘First get ’em to shut up, then tell ’em.’ She often gets attention by raising her voice for just a few words, ‘Now, class, there’s a special trick you can use here…’ Immediately afterwards, in the brief lull created by her loud intervention, she drops her voice down much lower, so that her students have to be quiet to hear.

你可以在会议中做同样的事情。用清晰可听的陈述强烈打断以吸引人们倾听，例如“我想就这个问题提出一个观点”，然后在人们转向你并关注你之后更安静地跟进你的具体论点. 当你真正表达你的主要观点时，人们肯定会倾听。

You can do the same in a meeting. Interrupt strongly with a clearly audible statement to get people to listen, such as ‘I’d like to make a point about the problem’, and then follow up more quietly with your specific argument after people have turned towards you and are paying you attention. By the time you actually make your main point, people are definitely listening.

当您引起听众的注意时，以正常的音高说话可能比使用洪亮的、过大的声音更有影响力。

When you have the attention of your audience, speaking at your normal pitch is probably more influential than using a booming, over-loud voice.

调低你的声音

Toning your voice down

你是一个爱说话的人吗？人们会因为你的声音而成群结队地逃离吗？你认为这是为什么？出色地 。. .

Are you a loud talker? Do people flee in droves from your voice? Why do you think that is? Well . . .

您可能是生活中活跃的沟通者之一。你不是要大喊大叫，但一切都是那么令人兴奋——你只需要表达所有的能量！

You may be one of life’s effervescent communicators. You don’t mean to shout, but everything is just so exciting – and you just have to express all that energy!

也许您专门为了演示而使用“雾喇叭音调”，以便将您的观点传达给后面的人。

Perhaps you put on your ‘fog horn tone’ specifically for presenting, in order to drive your point home to the people right at the back.

您的正常说话方式可能会将声音强烈地推入您的鼻子或撞击您的声带，从而产生无情而有力且难以聆听的声音。

Your normal way of speaking may push the sound strongly into your nose or clash your vocal cords, creating sounds that are relentlessly forceful and hard to listen to.

在所有这些情况下，对于您的听众来说，问题不在于您声音很大，而在于响度不悦耳。我在这里说的是演讲，但可以用一个音乐类比：当音乐家演奏大底鼓时，声音很大，但混响是自由的，你会听到声音的所有谐波。当有人尖叫或叫喊时，声音是被迫的，不会产生耳朵可以应付的音乐谐波。

In all these cases, the problem for your listeners isn’t so much that you’re loud, but that the loudness isn’t tuneful. I’m talking about speaking here, but a music analogy applies: when a musician plays the big bass drum, the sound is huge, but the reverberation is free and you hear all the harmonics of the sound. When someone shrieks or hollers, the sound is forced and does not produce musical harmonics that the ear can cope with.

炸开人的耳朵不等于高冲击力！推动的声音可能没有表情或细微差别。对耳朵的影响是碰撞和碰撞——一种非常令人不快的感觉，让您的耳膜受到撞击。用喉咙或舌头挤压声音对您的声音不利，并且通常会导致声音过度嘶哑或持续性喉咙痛。用力挤压您的鼻子、头部或喉咙或敲打您的声带对您的听众也不好！

Blasting people’s ears does not equal high impact! A pushed sound can have no expression or nuance to it. The effect on the ear is of clashing and crashing – a really unpleasant sensation that gives your eardrums a battering. Pushing your voice with your throat or tongue is bad for your voice and often leads to excessive hoarseness or a persistent sore throat. Pushing hard into your nose or head or throat or banging your vocal cords is also bad for your listeners!

声音太大的补救措施与声音太小的补救措施没有太大区别：

The remedy for an over-loud voice isn’t much different from the remedy for a too-quiet voice:

努力通过横膈膜和肋骨的呼吸肌为你的声音提供动力。这些肌肉可以真正支撑您的声音。见第 4 章。

Work on powering your voice from the breathing muscles down in your diaphragm and ribs. These muscles can truly support your voice. See Chapter 4.

释放喉咙和嘴巴中的任何紧张感，这样声音就可以随着音乐的和声自由振动。

Release any tension in your throat and mouth, so that the sound can vibrate freely with musical harmonics.

提醒自己，被倾听是关于投射——让你的声音充满精神能量，而不是声音的战争。

Remind yourself that being heard is about projection – placing your voice with plenty of mental energy, not a war of sounds.

检查您在特定位置或对特定听众讲话时真正需要多大声。如有疑问，请询问他们是否能听到您的声音。

Check out how loud you really need to be in a specific location or when speaking to a specific audience. If in doubt, ask whether they can hear you.

当你发展新的说话技巧时，你的声音会失去任何刺耳或过度的鼻音。你开始适应更深沉、更温暖的音调，这对听众的耳朵来说要好得多。

As you develop new speaking skills, your voice loses any stridency or excessive nasality. You begin to settle into deeper, warmer tones, which are much kinder to your listeners’ ears.

如果您认为自己的声音太大，请不要用气喘吁吁的方式说话以试图降低音量。呼吸对你的声音来说并不比大喊大叫更好，并且会严重限制你改变音量的能力。您很可能只是将逃离的观众换成无聊的观众。

If you think that your voice is too loud, don’t speak in a breathy way in an effort to cut the volume. Breathiness is no better for your voice than shouting and severely limits your ability to vary your volume. You’re likely just to swap a fleeing audience for a bored one.

用体积创造神奇的效果

Creating magical effects with volume

你永远不会忍受只包含一种食物的饮食，即使它是你最喜欢的。事实上，一些最美味的食物很有吸引力，因为你不是每天都吃它们。然而，当你听到人们谈论声音时，他们似乎一直想要美妙的声音——鱼子酱。

You would never put up with a diet that consisted of one food alone, even if it were your favourite. Indeed, some of the most delicious foods are appealing because you don’t eat them every day. Yet, when you hear people speak about voice, they seem to want the beautiful sound – the caviar – all the time.

你声音的魔力在于多样性；对比是游戏的名称。如果能给观众带来惊喜和愉悦，柔和的声音与响亮的声音一样强大。从安静到大声，从大声到安静会增加紧张感或营造让观众坐在座位边缘的气氛。

The magic of your voice lies in variety; contrast is the name of the game. Soft is as powerful as loud if it surprises and delights the audience. Going from quiet to loud and loud to quiet can build tension or create atmospheres that have audiences sitting on the edge of their seats.

响度可以有许多不同的品质。每天早上，一位年轻女士带着她的狗在我们家后面的山上散步。她的狗总是迷路，所以我们听到她在叫‘黛西！雏菊！' 在尖锐刺耳的歌声中穿过田野。另一方面，我还听到一位扮演李尔王的演员抱着死去的女儿科迪莉亚走进来时发出一声响亮而令人反胃的深沉嚎叫。他的声音似乎来自绝望的深处。又不同的是武将发号施令的洪亮声调和营长鼓励孩子们玩游戏的欢快号召声。

Loudness can have many different qualities. A young woman takes her dog for a walk every morning on the hill behind our house. Her dog is forever getting lost, so we hear her calling ‘Daisy! Daisy!’ across the fields in a shrill, piercing singsong. On the other hand, I’ve also heard a loud and stomach-curdling deep howl from an actor playing King Lear as he entered with his daughter Cordelia dead in his arms. His voice seemed to come from the depths of his despair. Different again are the loud tones of a military commander issuing orders and the cheerful calls of a camp leader encouraging children to play a game.

培养用不同的语调大声和小声说话的能力；那么你已经准备好了。关于共鸣的第 9 章提供了关于如何改变你的声音和在你的语言中加入情感强度的各种想法。

Develop your ability to speak both loudly and quietly in different tones; then you’re ready for anything. Chapter 9 on resonance offers various ideas of how to vary your sounds and put emotional intensity into your words.

欣赏弱音的力量

Appreciating the power of pianissimo

安静的说话有重要作用，但不是那种因为听不见而激怒人们的无精打采的安静说话。区别在于能量之一。

Quiet speaking has an important role, but not the droopy kind of quiet speaking that irritates people because they cannot hear. The difference is one of energy.

当你胆怯地说话时，你的能量很低，你的信息在到达听众之前就掉到了地板上。

When you speak timidly, your energy is low and your message drops to the floor before it can reach the listener.

当你平静而坚定地说话时，你的语气质量会对听众产生强烈的影响。

When you speak quietly yet with strong purpose, the quality of your tone creates a strong impact on the listener.

安静或喧闹，如果你想创造高影响力，请使用高能量。这种能量包括：

Quiet or loud, if you want to create high impact, employ high energy. This energy consists of:

强大的呼吸和支持

Strong breath and support

发音清晰

Clear pronunciation

打开声音

Open sound

当您小声说话并希望别人清楚地听到时，请像大声说话时一样行事，如果有的话，请更加专注于精神和情感。想想舞台耳语中的能量；区别不在于演员的精力或强度，而在于音量。

When you speak quietly and want to be clearly heard, act the same as you do when speaking loudly, with if anything even more mental and emotional focus. Think of the energy that goes into a stage whisper; the difference isn’t in an actor’s energy or intensity, but just in the volume.

聆听第 18 首曲目，调节音量，发现如何在大声和小声说话时为您的话语带来不同的能量。

Listen to Track 18, play with your volume and discover how to bring different energy to your words when you speak loudly and quietly.

1. 选择一个你可以有目的地说的句子。

1. Choose a sentence that you can say purposefully.

这里有一些建议：

Here are a few suggestions:

• 但你没有这样做，是吗？

• But you didn’t do it, did you?

• 我永远不会忘记你说的话。

• I’ll never forget what you said.

• 这就是生活。

• This is what life is about.

大声、强烈、意味深长地说出这句话。

Say the sentence loudly, strongly and meaningfully.

2. 保持同样强烈的意念、能量和气息，但说话要小声一点，保持情绪的充沛。

2. Keep the same strong intention, energy and breath, but speak the sentence a bit quieter, maintaining the emotional charge.

清楚而有力地发音辅音有助于这一过程。

Enunciating the consonants clearly and emphatically helps this process.

3.意气同气，小声清晰地说出这句话。

3. With the same purpose, energy and breath, speak the sentence quietly and clearly.

当您小声说话时，您可能会发现当您语速较慢时更容易用强烈和强调的方式传达这些词句。

When you speak quietly, you may find it easier to communicate the words strongly and emphatically when you speak slower.

4. 考虑当你改变音量时意义是如何变化的。

4. Consider how the meaning changes as you change the volume.

例如，想象一个场景，您正在向您的同伴讲述一场可怕的灾难。你的家被烧毁了——这一切都是因为门半开着，突然的风吹过一根蜡烛。你曾让你的同伴小心点，离开时记得关门。考虑一下您可以用不同的方式说“但您没有这样做，对吗？”：

For example, imagine a scenario where you’re telling your companion about a terrible disaster. Your home has burned down – and all because the door was left ajar and a sudden wind blew over a candle. You had asked your companion to be careful and to remember to close the door on leaving. Consider the different ways you can say, ‘But you didn’t do it, did you?’:

• 你可以在绝望和指责的爆发中大声喊叫。

• You can shout the line in an outburst of desperation and accusation.

• 你可以突然压低声音，安静而清晰地说出台词——带有威胁意味。

• You can suddenly drop your voice and speak the line quietly and clearly – with menace.

你还能想到哪些其他方式？

What other ways can you think of?

当你小声说话时要被人听到，你通常需要设置好让人们准备好注意你的声音，要么事先大声说话，让人们注意到对比，要么在换成其他人之前保持沉默降低音量。

To be listened to when you say something quietly, you usually need to set it up so that people are ready to pay attention to your voice, either talking more loudly beforehand, so that people catch the contrast, or leaving a silence before shifting to a lower volume.

少即是多。“有疑问时请大声点”并不总是最好的建议。降低音量可能会非常有效。

Less is often more. ‘When in doubt go louder’ isn’t always the best advice. Dropping the volume can be amazingly effective.

建立电源并找到调光开关

Building the power and finding the dimmer switch

我在前面几节中谈到了大声说话和轻声说话。同样重要和有效的是逐渐变大或变小。

I talk in the preceding sections about talking loudly and softly. Also important and effective is growing gradually louder or quieter.

渐强或渐弱是最好的演讲者用来产生巨大效果的东西。马丁路德金的“我有一个梦想”演讲是一个长长的渐强音，随着它的进行，声音越来越大，也越来越热情。在舞台上表演时，马克·安东尼 (Mark Antony) 在凯撒大帝 (Julius Caesar)中的“朋友、罗马人、同胞”演讲通常会从平静的开始上升为愤怒的骚动，经过几分钟的演讲越来越引人入胜。

The gradual crescendo or diminuendo is something that the best speakers use to great effect. Martin Luther King’s ‘I have a dream’ speech was one long crescendo getting louder and more passionate as it proceeded. When performed on stage, Mark Antony’s ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen’ speech in Julius Caesar usually rises from a calm beginning to a riot of angry passion over the course of several minutes of increasingly compelling oratory.

变得更安静经常被用作歌曲和故事中的一种手段，例如下面的传统儿童故事，开始时声音很大，然后音量逐渐减小，直到结束时非常轻声和恐怖！

Getting quieter is often used as a device in songs and stories such as the following traditional children’s tale, which can start quite loudly, and gradually diminish in volume until it ends very softly and scarily!

在一片漆黑漆黑的树林里，有一栋漆黑漆黑的房子。

而在那个漆黑漆黑的房子里，有一个漆黑漆黑的房间。

而在那漆黑漆黑的房间里，有着一个漆黑漆黑的箱子。

而在那漆黑漆黑的箱子里，放着一个漆黑漆黑的架子。

而在那个漆黑漆黑的架子上，放着一个漆黑漆黑的盒子。

在那个漆黑、漆黑的盒子里，有……。. . 鬼！

In a dark, dark wood, there was a dark, dark house.

And in that dark, dark house, there was a dark, dark room.

And in that dark, dark room, there was a dark, dark chest.

And in that dark, dark chest, there was a dark, dark shelf.

And on that dark, dark shelf, there was a dark, dark box.

And in that dark, dark box, there was . . . a ghost!

您需要控制自己的声音以达到高潮或逐渐吸引观众走向激动人心的安静结局。从以下小方面开始。

You need command of your voice to build up to a grand climax or draw your audience gradually towards a thrilling quiet ending. Start in a small way with the following.

1. 从 1 到 5 缓慢而平稳地大声数数，开始时小声，每个数字都大声一点，最后大声数到 5。

1. Count aloud slowly and smoothly from 1 to 5, starting quietly and getting a little louder on each number, finishing loudly on the number 5.

确保您不会因为大声唱完而使喉咙紧张。如果你的呼吸只允许你从 1 数到 4，但你数到最后时没有用力，那就完美了。逐渐建立音量。

Make sure that you don’t strain with your throat to reach the end loudly. If your breath only allows you to count from 1 to 4, but you arrive at the end without straining, that’s perfect. Build the volume gradually.

2. 从 5 倒数到 1，从 5 开始大声数，然后逐渐降低音量，直到用特别安静的声音数到 1。

2. Count backwards from 5 to 1, starting loudly with 5 and decreasing the volume steadily until you reach 1 on a particularly quiet voice.

将音量从大声调到小声可能更具挑战性。“1”需要安静但重要。

Decreasing your volume from loud to soft may be more challenging. The ‘1’ needs to be quiet yet significant.

保持你的呼吸平稳地呼出，否则你会发现音调很快就安静下来了。力求使变化逐渐平稳，任何地方都不会突然颠簸。

Keep your breath moving out steadily or you find the tone falls to quiet too soon. Aim to make the change gradual and smooth with no sudden bumps anywhere.

数到 5 时，您可以稳定地提高音量和降低音量，然后您可能希望将计数增加到 6、7 或 8，并进一步提高音量——切记不要强迫！

When you can get steadily louder and quieter to the count of 5, you may like to increase the count to 6, 7 or 8, and build up your volume even more – all without forcing it, remember!

渐强和渐弱效果经常出现在著名演讲中，通常分为三个步骤。以我在第 19 首曲目中使用的马克·安东尼 (Mark Antony) 的演讲“朋友、罗马人、同胞”作为开场白。您有三个词，一个比一个长。你可以提高音量，每个词都比前一个大一点，以表达你的观点。你同样可以从一个响亮的“朋友”开始，一个更温和的骄傲的“罗马人”和一个温柔亲密的“同胞”。无论哪种方式，音量的变化都会使乐句感觉像是要去某个地方。试着自己用两种方式说出马克·安东尼的话，注意大声和小声之间的气氛差异。

The crescendo and diminuendo effect appears frequently in famous speeches, often in three steps. Take the opening of Mark Antony’s speech, ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen’, which I use in Track 19. You have three words, each longer than the last. You can build the volume, each word a little louder than the one before, in order to make your point. You can equally well start with a strong loud ‘Friends’, a more moderate proud ‘Romans’ and a soft intimate ‘countrymen’. Either way, the change in volume makes the phrase feel as if it is going somewhere. Try saying Mark Anthony’s words yourself both ways and notice the difference in atmosphere between getting louder and getting quieter.

寻找最佳速度

Finding the Best Speed

前几天在一次商务会议上，演讲者看了一眼他的手表，突然意识到他的时间不多了。当他展示下一张 PowerPoint 幻灯片时，我注意到他的态度发生了变化：‘啊，好吧，我将跳过接下来的几张幻灯片，因为告诉你下一张幻灯片真的很重要。. .' 他开始讲得很快。'这里有五个要点要提；第一个是。. . 第二 。. . ’这时候说话的人已经在疾驰了。“我真的想让你记住所有这些要点，”他喋喋不休地说着，以极快的速度点击他的幻灯片，“它们是……”。. . 和 。. . 啊，我真的很想和你分享这个。. . .' 到现在为止，他让我想起了一部快进电影。他的声音，以及急促的声音，都提高了音调。

The other day at a business conference, the speaker glanced at his watch mid-flow and suddenly realised he was running out of time. I noticed the change in his manner as he showed his next PowerPoint slide: ‘Ah, well, I’ll just skip the next couple of slides because it’s really important to tell you about this next one. . .’ He began to talk quite fast. ‘Here there are five important points to mention; the first is . . . the second . . . ’ By now the speaker was galloping along. ‘I really want to you to remember all these vital points,’ he gabbled, clicking through his slides at a great rate ‘which are . . . and . . . Ah, I-really-want-to-share-this-with-you-too. . . .’ By now, he reminded me of a film on fast forward. His voice, as well as rushing along, had risen in pitch.

当演示接近尾声时，您感到听众放弃了。他们似乎感觉到，随着演讲者试图塞进越来越多的事实，他们不太可能理解太多。当他们准备午休时，我开始听到会议手册关闭和笔被收起的安静拖曳声。

As the presentation neared its end, you felt the audience give up. They seemed to sense that as the speaker attempted to cram in more and more facts, they were unlikely to understand much at all. I began to hear the quiet shuffles of conference manuals closing and pens being put away as they prepared for the lunch break.

如果您自己也遇到过类似的情况，试图完成耗时数天准备的演示文稿，但时间已经用完，您就会知道在最后匆匆忙忙以确保你的听众明白了一切。私下减少损失并冷静地专注于以节奏良好的方式结束谈话所必需的几个要点总是更好。

If you’ve been in a similar situation yourself, trying to get through to the end of a presentation that has taken days to prepare, and run out of time, you know how tempting it can be to rush at the end to make sure that your audience gets it all. It’s always better to privately cut your losses and concentrate calmly on the few points that are essential to bring your talk to an end with a well-paced delivery.

大多数人经常说得太快，当他们紧张时会加快速度。你很少能跟上语速很快的人，尤其是当他们缺乏强烈的强调和方向感时。相比之下，有些人说话太慢，当演讲者缓慢地讲完材料时，听众会失去线索，尤其是当他或她的声音嘶哑时。

Most people regularly speak too fast, and speed up even more when they get nervous. You can rarely follow someone who speaks at a great speed, particularly if they lack strong emphasis and sense of direction. By contrast, some people speak too slowly and listeners lose the thread as the speaker plods through the material, particularly if he or she has a growling voice.

沟通不仅仅是说出所有你想说的话。你需要检查你的听众是否按照你的意思接收你的话。测试是你与观众的互动程度，这取决于他们的能力和兴趣水平、主题、你的声音以及你与他们的联系。

Communication is much more than saying all the words you mean to say. You need to check that your listeners are receiving your words in the way you mean them to be received. The test is how well you engage with your audience, and that depends on their capability and level of interest, the subject matter, your voice and your connection with them.

为每个特定场合找到最佳速度是与听众有效沟通的一项极其宝贵的技能，因此我将在以下部分向您展示如何操作。

Finding the best speed for each particular occasion is an extremely valuable skill for communicating effectively with your listeners, so I show you how in the following sections.

为庄严和清晰放慢脚步

Slowing down for gravitas and clarity

用深沉的声音慢慢说话与庄重有关，如果你想被认真对待，这会很有用。当奥运会成为新闻时，我喜欢看电视预告片，看到胜利的运动员冲过终点线，胜利地高举双臂，以光荣的慢动作。放慢速度的图像给人一种高贵和胜利的感觉。你的声音可以产生类似的效果。当它放慢速度时，它显得更加成熟、端庄和有政治家风度。

Speaking slowly in a deep voice is associated with gravitas, so can be useful if you want to be taken seriously. When the Olympic Games are in the news, I enjoy watching TV trailers of conquering athletes crossing the finishing line, arms rising in victory, in glorious slow motion. The slowed-down images give a sense of nobility and triumph. Your voice can have a similar effect. As it slows down, it appears more mature, dignified and statesmanlike.

当你说得慢时，你需要有良好的方向感，因为一个句子可能会迷失方向。不完全是！如果你听到某人一直以同样的速度和强度说一个长句子，你就失去了它的意义。

You need to have a good sense of direction when you speak slowly as a sentence can lose its way. No, really! If you hear someone speak a long sentence at the same speed and intensity all the way through, you lose its meaning.

当您练习计算音量增加的数字时（请参阅前面的“构建电源和找到调光开关”部分），您需要通过每个数字增加音量直到最后一个。每个句子都需要类似的方向动量。

When you practise counting numbers growing in volume (see the earlier section ‘Building the power and finding the dimmer switch’), you need to increase the volume through every number right up to the last. You need a similar directional momentum in every sentence.

慢慢地说一些名言。每一个单词——实际上是每一个辅音和元音——都很重要，但你也需要强烈的冲动才能把你带到最后的重要单词。不要停下来！播放曲目 20。将以下短语重复几次，看看在保持陈述的力量的同时，您能说多慢。每个短语都经过精心设计，让您的精力集中在最重要的最后一个词上。

Speak some famous phrases really slowly. Every single word – indeed every consonant and vowel – is important, but you also need a strong impulse to carry you towards the important word at the end. Don’t grind to a halt! Play Track 20. Repeat the following phrases several times and see just how slowly you can speak them while retaining the power of the statement. Each phrase is designed so that your energy moves towards the all-important last word.

'我们可以。' 巴拉克奥巴马

‘Yes, we can.’ Barack Obama

“这位女士不是用来转身的。” 玛格丽特·撒切尔

‘The lady is not for turning.’ Margaret Thatcher

“我们永远不会投降。” 温斯顿·丘吉尔

‘We will never surrender.’ Winston Churchill

“他们将永远被记住。” 乔治华盛顿

‘They will always be remembered.’ George Washington

“不能服从的人不能指挥。” 本杰明·富兰克林

‘He that cannot obey, cannot command.’ Benjamin Franklin

“如果你不能养活一百个人，那就只养活一个人。” 特蕾莎修女

‘If you can’t feed a hundred people, then feed just one.’ Mother Teresa

现在将相同的原理应用于更长的一块。又到了莎士比亚的时间了！挑战在于以极其缓慢的速度背诵以下几行，单词之间没有间隙，并且具有强烈的意义和方向感。

Now apply the same principle to a longer piece. Time for Shakespeare, again! The challenge is to recite the following lines incredibly slowly with no gaps between the words, and with a strong sense of meaning and direction.

慢慢地说话需要大量的呼吸，所以在每个标点符号处呼吸新鲜的空气。这些台词出自年老体弱的李尔王之口，因此您可以听起来苍老而愤怒——但要采用古典演员的戏剧风格。如果你读得慢，呼吸也要慢，所以每行之间会有相当大的停顿，但要保持气势。一旦你读到一个短语，就抬头说出来；然后再往下看下。

Speaking slowly takes a lot of breath, so take a fresh breath at every punctuation mark. These lines are spoken by the old and broken King Lear, so you’ve permission to sound old and angry – but in the dramatic style of a classical actor. If you read slowly, you need to breathe slowly too, so there will be quite a pause between each line, but keep the sense of momentum. As soon as you’ve read a phrase, look up to speak it; then look down again for the next.

各位神明，你们在这里看到了我，一个可怜的老人，

和年龄一样充满悲伤；两者都很悲惨。

如果是你激起这些女儿的心

反对她们的父亲，请不要那么愚弄我，

让我温顺地忍受；以崇高的愤怒触动我，

不要让女人的武器，水滴，

弄脏我男人的脸颊！不，你们这些不自然的女巫！

You see me here, you gods, a poor old man,

As full of grief as age; wretched in both.

If it be you that stirs these daughters’ hearts

Against their father, fool me not so much

To bear it tamely; touch me with noble anger,

And let not women’s weapons, water drops,

Stain my man’s cheeks! No, you unnatural hags!

从朋友或同事那里获得有关您如何阅读李尔演讲的反馈。你可能认为你说话的速度慢得离谱，但我相信他们会喜欢你的语速。

Get feedback from a friend or colleague on how you read the Lear speech. You may think that you’re speaking at a ridiculously slow speed, but I’m sure that they’ll like your pace.

花时间在你的脑海里

Taking time in your head

在卡尔文和霍布斯的一次交流中，卡尔文抱怨说，当他说话的时候，他的话跟不上他的想法。他想知道为什么人们思考的速度比说话的速度快。霍布斯回答说，“可能是这样我们可以三思而后行。”

In a Calvin and Hobbes interchange, Calvin complains that when he’s talking, his words can’t keep up with his thoughts. He wonders why people think faster than they speak. Hobbes replies, ‘Probably so we can think twice.’

如果您想以有节制的速度说话，最好放慢您的大脑和舌头的速度。您可能认为说起来容易做起来难！两种帮助你的技巧是利用停顿和深吸一口气。

If you want to speak at a measured pace, it’s a good idea to slow down your brain as well as your tongue. You may think that’s easier said than done! Two techniques to help you are making use of the pause and taking a good breath.

利用暂停

Making use of the pause

在句子之间停顿有两个很好的理由：

Two good reasons come to mind for pausing between sentences:

暂停让你有时间思考。

Pausing gives you time to think.

暂停看起来好像你在花时间思考，你的听众会喜欢的。

Pausing looks as if you’re taking time to think, which your audience will appreciate.

如果你发现任何停顿看起来都长得难以忍受，那就用刻意的行动来填补空白。采取几个步骤；低头凝神片刻；或者冷静地调整你的笔记。一切看起来都非常自然。然后慢慢吸气，再说话。

If you find that any pause seems unbearably long, fill the gap with deliberate action. Take a couple of steps; look down for a moment to gather yourself; or make a calm adjustment to your notes. It all looks beautifully natural. Then breathe in slowly and speak again.

深吸一口气

Taking a good breath

当您深吸一口气时，会发生几件好事：

When you take a full breath, several good things happen:

你的大脑享受氧气，你能够更好地思考。

Your brain enjoys the oxygen, and you’re able to think better.

听众将呼吸解释为一种新的思想，并重新关注你。

The audience interprets the breath as a new thought and pays you renewed attention.

如果你有足够的空气，你就不太可能匆忙。

You’re less likely to rush if you’ve plenty of air.

空间不错。出于两个原因，您的听众需要比您想象的更多的时间。如果您的听众感到无聊，他们会考虑今晚晚餐在超市买什么或其他一百件东西。另一方面，如果他们对您刚才所说的着迷，他们就会开始想出如何为自己的利益实施该想法。在这两种情况下，他们都停止了倾听，需要时间来处理。

Space is good. Your audience needs more time than you may think, for two reasons. If your listeners are bored, they’re thinking about what to buy at the supermarket for supper tonight or a hundred other things. On the other hand, if they’re fascinated by what you just said, they’re beginning to work out how they might implement that idea for their own benefit. In both cases, they’ve stopped listening, and need time for processing.

所以，不管他们是否感兴趣，所有的听众都会时不时地停下来，你应该给他们时间来吸收你的信息。如果他们有空间这样做，他们会吸收更多。

So, whether they’re interested or not, all listeners stop listening from time to time, and it behoves you to give them time to absorb your message. They take in much more if they’re given space to do so.

享受明快的节奏

Enjoying a sprightly tempo

如果你天生说话慢，你可能更容易被理解，甚至可能被认为是权威的。然而，缓慢的声音也有其缺点：

If you naturally speak slowly, you’re likely to be easier to understand and may even be considered authoritative. However, a slow voice has its downsides too:

如果你不以其他方式改变你的声音——在音量、音高和音调方面——你可能听起来很沉闷。

If you don’t vary your voice in other ways – in terms of volume, pitch and tone – you may sound dull.

你发现很难用低沉缓慢的声音快速站起来。想象一下 Arnold Schwarzenegger 或 Henry Kissinger 说话很快！

You find it hard to be quick on your feet with a deep slow voice. Imagine Arnold Schwarzenegger or Henry Kissinger talking fast!

几项调查表明，人们认为语速更快的人更聪明。

Several surveys show that people consider someone with a quicker voice more intelligent.

如果您正在与自然说话比您快得多的人打交道，他们可能会因为您的缓慢语速而感到恼火。

If you’re dealing with someone who naturally speaks much faster than you, they may be irritated by your slow pace.

人们通常只有在说话风格单调时才会听起来不自然地慢。一种补救措施是在音量、音高、音调和重点方面加入大量变化。另一种补救措施是练习以不同的速度说话。以下练习可帮助您按照自己的节奏进行演奏。如果你的声音很慢，或者声音又小又慢，这个练习特别好，但每个人都会觉得它很有用。

People usually sound unnaturally slow only when their speaking style is monotonous. One remedy is to include plenty of variety in terms of volume, pitch, tone and emphasis. The other remedy is to practise speaking at different speeds. The following practice helps you play with your tempo. This exercise is particularly good if your voice is slow, or low and slow, but everyone can find it useful.

想象一下，你是一个传统的讲故事的人，正在讲一个两三分钟长的简短儿童故事。故事总是以旨在吸引注意力的文字开头，通常是为了让听众知道一个秘密。以激发好奇心的开头开始您的故事，例如：

Imagine that you’re a traditional storyteller and tell a short children’s story, two or three minutes long. Stories always start with words designed to grab the attention, often with the idea that you’re letting the listener in on a secret. Start your story with an opening that provokes curiosity, such as:

猜猜前几天发生在我身上的事——太不寻常了。. .

Guess what happened to me the other day – it was extraordinary. . .

你永远猜不到我刚刚听到了什么。. .

You’ll never guess what I’ve just heard. . .

上周我遇到了人生的惊喜。. .

I had the surprise of my life last week. . .

我以前从未告诉过任何人，但是。. .

I’ve never ever told anyone this before, but. . .

我永远不会忘记我差点死去的那一天。. .

I’ll never ever forget the day that I almost died . . .

好故事有悬念，慢下来有冲击力。他们也有动力，加速热情或增加紧张感。令人难忘的故事有不同的角色，也许是声音低沉粗哑的巨人，也许是声音高亢激动的小女孩。它们包含惊喜和戏剧性。使用所有这些效果来营造故事氛围。当然，如果您有真正的孩子在等待他们的睡前故事来练习，那就更好了！

Good stories have suspense and slow down for impact. They also have momentum, speeding up for enthusiasm or building up tension. Memorable stories have different characters, maybe a giant with the deep gruff voice and a little girl with an excitable high voice. They contain surprise and drama. Play with all these effects to create atmosphere in your story. Of course, if you have real children waiting for their bedtime story to practise on, all the better!

你可能认为你不能像那样编一个故事。别担心。你只需要从开场开始，几个角色和一两个道具，比如魔杖、帽子或一件珠宝，故事会带你到它带你去的地方——前提是你关掉你关键的内部监视器.

You may think that you can’t invent a story just like that. Don’t worry about it. You just have to start with the opening, a couple of characters and a prop or two such as a magic wand, hat or a piece of jewellery, and the story takes you where it takes you – provided that you switch off your critical internal monitor.

你可以从讲故事中发现很多关于严肃演讲的知识。体积和速度的秘诀是使用你的整个调色板。归根结底，当你满足清楚理解的命令后，没有最好的速度或最好的音量——它必须根据意思而变化。

You can find out a lot about serious speaking from telling stories. The secret of volume and speed is to use your whole palette. In the final analysis, after you satisfy the imperative to be clearly understood, there is no best speed or best volume – it has to vary according to the meaning.

您可以通过声音的变化来保持听众的兴趣，从而产生强烈的效果。人们可能会因为你的声音而钦佩你，但他们会更钦佩你能用你的声音做些什么。

You create a strong effect by having variety in your voice to keep your listeners interested. People may admire you for your voice, but they will admire you much more for what you can do with your voice.

有些人发现，如果他们在演讲前感到紧张，他们最终会说出比他们想说的更多的话，而且时间过得比他们想象的要快得多。其他人的发现恰恰相反：当他们处于压力之下时，他们完成所有材料的时间只有预期的一半。尝试以下操作以做好准备：

Some people find that if they get nervous before a speech, they end up saying more than they mean to, and time passes much more quickly than they think. Other people find just the opposite: that when they’re under pressure, they get through all their material in half the time they were expecting to. Try the following in order to be prepared:

如果你必须在严格的时间限制内发表演讲，请事先尝试不同的方式，每次都给自己计时。

If you have to give a speech within strict time limits, try it out in different ways beforehand, timing yourself each time.

认识到紧张是如何影响你的时间安排的，这样你的演讲就不会太长或太短。

Get to recognise how nerves affect your timing, so that you don’t make your speech either too long or too short.

第8章

Chapter 8

让音乐充满您的演讲

Filling Your Speech with the Sounds of Music

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

巧妙地使用重点

Using emphasis skilfully

进入有节奏的演讲的最佳状态

Getting into the groove of rhythmic speech

掌握古老的修辞艺术

Acquiring the ancient art of rhetoric

充分利用沉默的时刻

Making the most of silent moments

一段令人难忘的音乐，无论是最新的流行歌曲还是经久不衰的古典乐曲，都包含某些关键成分：美妙的旋律、力度和节奏的对比、渐强和渐弱、有趣的和声、重复的节奏和巧妙放置的停顿。您也需要这些相同的成分才能以迷人、令人难忘的方式说话。

A memorable piece of music, whether the latest pop hit or an enduring classical composition, contains certain key ingredients: great melodies, contrasts of dynamics and tempo, crescendos and diminuendos, interesting harmonies, repeating rhythms and artfully placed pauses. You need just those same ingredients to speak in a captivating, unforgettable way too.

当您听到一个具有高度音乐感的演讲者讲话时，您不会特别注意其中的个别元素。然而，您确实会发现自己被文字中的旋律生活所吸引和着迷，并被吸引到演讲者的魔力圈中。聆听年迈的诗人玛雅·安吉洛 (Maya Angelou) 讲述她的诗作“Still I Rise”（您可以在 YouTube 上找到）。她的音高起伏和微妙的停顿带来了一种幽默和感伤，远远超出了实际的文字。听听罗纳德·里根的录音，尤其是当他有机会讲故事或即兴表演时。听听他如何利用时机让听众保持悬念，然后发表妙语。人们常说最好的演讲者，“一切都在时机”。

You aren’t particularly aware of the individual elements when you hear a speaker who has a highly developed sense of music in speaking. However, you do find yourself entertained and entranced, and drawn into the speaker’s magic circle by the melodic life in the words. Listen to the elderly poet Maya Angelou speak her poem, ‘Still I Rise’ (you can find it on YouTube). Her rises and falls of pitch and subtle pauses bring a humour and pathos that goes far beyond the actual words. Listen to recordings of Ronald Reagan, especially where he has the opportunity to tell a story or adlib. Listen to the way he uses timing to keep his audience in suspense and then delivers his punch line. It’s often said of the best speakers, ‘It’s all in the timing.’

听众很容易收听音乐演讲。本章的主题是探索如何改变你的声音以使其更具吸引力。您可以改变的基本元素是：

Listeners tune in easily to musical speaking. This chapter is all about discovering how you can vary your voice to make it more engaging. The basic elements you can vary are:

音量和速度：参见第 7 章。

Volume and speed: Refer to Chapter 7.

音调和共鸣：参见第 9 章。

Pitch and resonance: See Chapter 9.

元音和辅音的发音：参见第6章。

Pronunciation of vowels and consonants: Refer to Chapter 6.

强调、节奏、旋律和静音：我在本章中逐一考察了这些设备。

Emphasis, rhythm, melody and silence: I look at each of these devices in this chapter.

强烈表达你的观点

Making Your Point Strongly

每个有影响力的演讲者都知道如何通过强调某些词来产生影响来让你注意到它们。您可以通过以下方式强调单词或音节：

Every influential speaker knows how to make you notice certain words by emphasising them to create an impact. You can emphasise a word or syllable in the following ways:

增加音量。

Increase its volume.

使最初的短辅音更强。

Make an initial short consonant stronger.

延长单词或音节中的任何长辅音。

Lengthen any long consonants in the word or syllable.

提高音调。

Raise its pitch.

降低音调以与周围的词形成对比。

Lower the pitch to contrast with the surrounding words.

使用不同的语气，例如更刺耳或更刺耳的语气。

Employ a different tone, for example harsher, or more strident.

在实践中，当你想到强调你想强调的词时——感受它在句子中的重要性——你会自动使用上面列表中的相关技巧，并为重要的词赋予适当的权重。

In practice, when you think of emphasising the word you want to stress – feel its importance in the sentence – you automatically employ the relevant skills from the list above and give an appropriate weight to important words.

找几个你喜欢在电视上或网上听的演讲者。录制的剪辑非常理想，因为您可以根据需要多次重播它们。以一种开放的好奇心聆听演讲者，并问问自己他们是如何让你想听他们讲话的。尤其要注意以下几点：

Find a few speakers you enjoy listening to on television or online. Recorded clips are ideal because you can replay them as many times as you want. Listen to the speakers with an open sense of curiosity and ask yourself how they make you want to listen to them. In particular, pay attention to the following:

他们对某些词的强调程度。

How strongly they emphasise certain words.

他们选择强调哪些词。

Which words they choose to emphasise.

他们在句子中强调单词的频率。

How frequently they emphasise words in a sentence.

他们是否在不同时间改变重点。

Whether they vary the emphasis at different times.

探索重点

Exploring emphasis

听一段你欣赏的演讲者的片段，然后和他们一起大声说话，准确地模仿他们所做的事情。你不需要记住这个人说的话。简单地听单词，然后尽可能以完全相同的方式说出来。你会落后一点，但你仍然可以听懂他们说的话和说话方式的大部分内容。模仿说话人几分钟后，反思一下你需要多强调。您可能会惊讶于您必须在演讲中投入多少精力才能与演讲者的声音相匹配。当别人说话时听起来舒服的东西比你自己尝试时可能习惯的能量更多。尝试模仿几个不同的说话者并比较您的体验。

Listen to a clip of a speaker you admire and speak out loud along with them, imitating exactly what they do. You don’t need to memorise what the person says. Simply hear the words and then, as far as you can, speak them in exactly the same way. You’ll lag behind a bit, but you can still catch much of what they say and their way of speaking. After imitating a speaker for a few minutes, reflect on how much you needed to use emphasis. You may be surprised at how much energy you have to put into your speech to match the speaker’s voice. What sounds comfortable to listen to when someone else is speaking involves more energy than you may be used to when you try it yourself. Try imitating a few different speakers and compare your experiences.

如果你在演讲中投入如此多的精力，你可能会担心自己会显得过于夸张。别担心，你不会的。

You may fear that you’re going to sound over the top if you put so much energy into your speech. Don’t worry, you won’t.

听 Track 21。找一个搭档并通过以下活动练习重点。

Listen to Track 21. Get a partner and practise emphasis with the following activity.

1. 造一个简单的句子。

1. Make up a simple sentence.

这里有几个例子可以让你开始：

Here are a couple of examples to start you off:

老人倒在街上。

The old man fell in the street.

公共汽车在高峰时间抛锚了。

The bus broke down in the rush-hour.

2. A 大声说出句子，然后 B 提出问题。

2. Person A speaks the sentence aloud, and then Person B asks questions about it.

3. A 回答了每个问题，非常强调。

3. Person A answers each question, using lots of emphasis.

例如：

For example:

乙：谁摔倒了？

Person B: Who fell?

人物A：老人。

Person A: The old man.

乙：怎么了？

B: What happened?

答：他摔倒了。

A: He fell.

乙：是谁？

B: Who was it?

答：老头。

A: The old man.

B：在哪里发生的？

B: Where did it happen?

答：在街上。

A: In the street.

乙：他做了什么？

B: What did he do?

A：他摔倒了。

A: He fell.

扮演 A 时，想象你真的想帮助回答问题，但对 B 明显拒绝理解你在说什么感到越来越不耐烦，所以你越来越坚持强调这些词.

When playing Person A, imagine that you’re genuinely trying to be helpful in answering the questions, but are getting increasingly impatient at the apparent refusal of Person B to understand what you’re saying, so you stress the words with more and more insistence.

4. 交换角色，用一个新的简单句子完成第 2 步和第 3 步。

4. Swap roles and go through Steps 2 and 3 with a new simple sentence.

玩A人的时候，随着游戏的进行，你的愤慨度越来越高，你会发现你的强调越来越强烈，看起来也越来越正常。

When playing Person A, increase your indignation as the game continues, and you’ll find that your emphasis gets stronger and seems more and more normal.

和朋友一起吹牛。假装你一直在钓鱼，现在正在比较你的渔获物的大小。使用以下词语和您能想到的任何其他词语来描述您的鱼：

Enjoy a bit of braggadocio with a friend. Pretend that you’ve been fishing and are now comparing the sizes of your catch. Use the following words and any others you can think of to describe your fish:

轮流炫耀，你们每个人都必须在强调你的捕获量方面超过另一个人。例如：

Take it in turns to show off, and each of you must out-do the other in emphasising the size of your catch. For example:

人A：我钓到的鲤鱼好大啊！

Person A: The carp I caught was enormous!

B：嗯，我的鱼好大！

Person B: Well, my fish was colossal!

人A：哦，是吗？我只是不能告诉你我的有多大！

Person A: Oh yeah? I just can’t tell you how vast mine was!

人 B：我从来没有见过这样的，我的是巨大的！

Person B: I’ve never seen the like, mine was immense!

人 A：不，但真的，这是巨大的！

Person A: No, but really, this was gigantic!

理解英语重点

Understanding English emphasis

我怎么强调英语中强调的重要性都不为过。每个句子都是围绕其强调的词构建的，这是传达其含义的关键元素。我在第 22 首讲了更多的强调。你可以通过拉长元音和辅音，提高音高等方式来强调。科学家史蒂芬霍金使用的合成语音或您在自动电话簿中听到的合成语音听起来很奇怪，因为这些技术无法完全复制自然语音的重点。当然，每个词都有其作用，但如果你只听到大多数英语句子中强调的词，你就会明白某人在说什么。考虑一下来自报纸的这个随机示例，其中最强调的是斜体字：

I can’t overstress the importance of emphasis in English. Every sentence is built around its emphasised words, which are a crucial element in conveying its sense. I talk more about emphasis in Track 22. You can create emphasis by lengthening vowels and consonants, raising the pitch and other ways. The synthetic voice that scientist Stephen Hawking uses or that you hear in an automated phone directory sounds strange because these technologies can’t fully replicate the emphases of natural speech. Of course, every word plays its part, but if you hear just the emphasised words in most English sentences, you get the gist of what someone is talking about. Consider this random example from a newspaper with the strongest emphases in italics:

该航空公司昨天通过收购六个额外的航班时刻进一步扩大了其在希思罗机场的运力，但这一消息对股价影响不大。

The airline made further moves to expand its capacity at Heathrow yesterday by acquiring six extra slots, but the news did little for shares.

当您聆听日常、自然的演讲时，强调的词会更加突出，而句子中的其他词会更快或更平淡，这会增加对重要词的关注。

When you listen to everyday, natural speech, the emphasised words come more into focus while the other words in the sentence go by more rapidly or flatly, which increases the spotlight on the important words.

如果你想让你的演讲闪闪发光，就用优美清晰的元音发音强调的音节（见第 6 章），让其他词自行处理。例如，说“半夜”。当你以正常速度说这个短语时，你可能会发音为“ In thəmidələfthənight ” 。'（' ə '是'better'中难以描述的最终声音）。因此，中午和夜晚这个词听得特别生动清晰。

If you want your speech to sparkle, say the emphasised syllables with beautiful clear vowel sounds (see Chapter 6) and let the other words look after themselves. For example, say ‘In the middle of the night.’ When you say this phrase at normal speed, you probably pronounce it, ‘In thə midəl əf thə night.’ (‘ə’ is the nondescript final sound in ‘better’). As a result, the mid of middle and the word night are heard especially vividly and clearly.

在本练习中，假设您是广播或电视上的新闻播音员。准备一篇文章，并用生动的重点阅读它。大多数人在阅读时比在与朋友热烈聊天时强调的要少得多。阅读时强调重点是一种宝贵的沟通技巧。

For this exercise, imagine that you’re a newsreader on radio or TV. Prepare a text and read it with lively emphasis. Most people emphasise much less strongly when they read than when they’re chatting animatedly with a friend. Emphasising strongly when you read is a valuable communication skill.

1. 找两三句印刷文字大声说出来。

1. Find two or three sentences of printed text to say aloud.

实际的词不必有什么特别的。您可以使用今日报纸、杂志文章或您在网上找到并打印出来的内容中的一小段。关键是打印可以标记的文本。

The actual words don’t have to be anything special. You can use a short paragraph from today’s newspaper, a magazine article, or something you find online and print out. The key is to have printed text that you can mark up.

2.通读句子，决定你要强调哪些词，然后用铅笔在这些词下划线。

2. Read through the sentences, decide which words you want to give strong emphasis and use a pencil to underline these words.

3. 大声朗读你的文章，强调你选择的词，就像新闻阅读器一样强调。

3. Read your passage out loud, putting emphasis on the words you chose, as emphatically as a newsreader.

4. 回顾你的表演，调整并重复，直到它听起来像一个真实的动画新闻公告。

4. Review your performance, and adjust and repeat until it sounds like an authentic animated news bulletin.

如果你和大多数人一样，你可能在第一轮就给太多的单词下了下划线。调整您强调的单词数量，直到您阅读句子时听起来既自然又充满冲击力。如果可能的话，把你的文章读给朋友听，听听他们对你的声音的反馈。我猜他们会喜欢你的强调。

If you’re like most people, you probably underlined too many words the first time round. Adjust the number of words you emphasise until the sentences sound both natural and full of impact when you read them. If possible, read your passage to friends and get their feedback on how you sound. I’m guessing that they’ll enjoy your increased emphasis.

避免随机强调单词。如果你听起来很强调，但没有将重点与意义联系起来，那么你最终什么也传达不了。你几乎可以强调每个词，但这听起来完全是矫枉过正。至于强调小事，请想一想您在旅行时听到的一些扬声器公告中的奇怪之处！

Avoid stressing words randomly. If you sound emphatic without linking your emphasis to meaning, you end up conveying nothing. You can stress almost every word, but it sounds like complete overkill. And as for stressing the small stuff, think of the oddness in some of the loudspeaker announcements you hear when you travel!

重点和意义是紧密相连的。侧重点不同，往往会得到完全不同的意思。大声说出下面的简短陈述，每次将重点放在不同的词上，看看意思有何变化。我也在 Track 22 中介绍了这一点。

Emphasis and meaning are closely linked. With different emphasis, you often get an entirely different meaning. Say the following short statement out loud, placing the main emphasis on a different word each time, and see how the meaning changes. I cover this in Track 22 too.

我想开车回家 = 我是司机。也许您喝多了，不应该开车！

I want to drive home = I’m the driver. Perhaps you’ve had too much to drink and should not be driving!

我想开车回家=我坚持。我其实很想做。

I want to drive home = I’m insisting. I actually want to do it.

我想开车回家=我想坐车，而不是打车。

I want to drive home = I want to take the car, not get a taxi.

我想开车回家 =家是我想去的地方，而不是呆在这里或去别的地方。

I want to drive home = Home is where I want to go, rather than stay here or go somewhere else.

如果将本节中的练习与身体运动结合起来，就可以更轻松地锻炼强调技巧。用力向下击打你的手或握紧你的拳头在强调的音节上。你会看到政客们经常做出这样的行为：托尼·布莱尔擅长用一只手敲打另一只手；比尔·克林顿 (Bill Clinton) 举起拳头，露出大拇指。当您表达自己和练习说话时，选择一种有助于您听起来强调的手势。然后不用手势再次说话，同样强烈。手势很强大，但它们也可以成为模仿的东西——你不想养成一个你无法摆脱的习惯！

It’s easier to work on your emphasising skills if you combine the practices in this section with body movement. Strike your hand down firmly or grip your fist on the emphasised syllables. You see politicians make these kind of actions frequently: Tony Blair was adept at striking one hand into the other; Bill Clinton raised his fist with the thumb showing. Choose a gesture that helps you sound emphatic when you express yourself and practise speaking. Then speak again just as strongly without the gesture. Gestures are powerful but they can also become the stuff of parody – you don’t want to pick up a habit you can’t get rid of!

以权威的低音结束

Ending on the low note of authority

如果你想用权威说话，特别强调句子或思想的结尾。把最后的重点放在音调上。这种低音使您的陈述完整，并使您听起来好像知道自己在说什么。

If you want to speak with authority, emphasise especially the end of a sentence or thought. Make that final emphasis low in pitch. This low pitch gives your statement completeness and makes you sound as if you know what you’re talking about.

人们经常表达对更深沉的声音的渴望，以便听起来更有权威。以强烈的低音结束，无需强迫您的声音即可达到相同的效果。

People often express the desire for a deeper voice in order to sound more authoritative. Ending on a strong low note achieves the same without forcing your voice.

大声尝试以下句子或在报纸上找一些你自己的句子。以带有终结感的强烈低音结束（听曲目 22）：

Try out loud the following sentences or find some of your own in a newspaper. End on a strong low note with a sense of finality (listen to Track 22):

在一名妇女因涉嫌谋杀被捕后，警方正在展开审查。

Police are mounting a review after a woman was arrested on suspicion of murder.

数字细目显示，超过 100 万美元用于外部顾问。

A breakdown of the figures shows that over one million was spent on external consultants.

结尾必须有力且音调较低。一个弱弱的低尾声表明你已经失去了信心，人们也可能会停止倾听。

The ending must be strong as well as lower in pitch. A low weak ending which tails off suggests that you’ve lost confidence and people may as well stop listening.

在你的想法开始时好好呼吸，这样你就有足够的呼吸来结束。（有关呼吸的更多信息，请参阅第 4 章。）

Take a good breath at the start of your thought so that you have enough breath to end with strength. (See Chapter 4 for more on breathing.)

将强烈的低端应用到一个想法或想法的结尾，而不是每次遇到句号时。当你说，‘天气太糟糕了。他们好几天没吃东西了。They needed a safe haven', 为'haven'保留强劲的低端，完整声明的结尾。你可以提高前两个句子结尾的音调，使它们有意义但不是最终的：'The weather was ter rible (high pitch)。他们好几天没吃东西了（高音调）。他们需要一个安全的避风港，（低调）'。

Apply the strong low ending to end of an idea or thought, not every time you meet a full stop. When you say, ‘The weather was terrible. They hadn’t eaten for days. They needed a safe haven’, reserve the strong low ending for ‘haven’, the end of the complete statement. You can raise your pitch for the endings of the first two sentences to make them significant but not final: ‘The weather was terrible (high pitch). They hadn’t eaten for days (high pitch). They needed a safe haven, (low pitch)’.

您可能会发现您的口音并非自然而然地以低音结束——例如，许多澳大利亚或新西兰人在句子结尾时倾向于提高音调。如果你以更高的音调结束一个陈述，你听起来好像你在问一个问题或寻求一致。在声明末尾上升会让你的观点不那么强烈，尽管它听起来很友好或更合情合理。此外，如果您以完全相同的高调结束每个句子，人们会感到无聊。变化是关键。

You may find that your accent doesn’t naturally end on a low tone – for example, many people from Australia or New Zealand tend to go up in pitch at the end of sentences. If you end a statement on a higher note, you sound as if you’re asking a question or seeking agreement. Going up at the end of a statement makes your point less strongly, though it can sound friendly or more consensual. Also, if you end every sentence on exactly the same high tone, people get bored. Variation is key.

进入节奏

Getting into Rhythm

即使您认为自己是舞池中的四肢，节奏也深深植根于您的心灵。一个只有几个月的婴儿会随着母亲的声音有节奏地移动，甚至在调整到它的声音之前就已经调整到语言的节奏。你通过童年所有小曲和韵律形式的节奏来发展语言。想想你喜欢的任何曲子，你会发现它有一种有趣的节奏和形状。以世界上最著名的曲调“祝你生日快乐”为例，聆听“快乐”的跳动节奏和“你”的节奏——“dum-ti dum dum dum dum ”。

Even if you think that you’re all arms and legs on the dance floor, rhythm is deep in your psyche. A baby of just a few months moves in rhythm to the voice of its mother, tuning into the rhythm of language before even tuning into its sounds. You develop language through rhythm in the form of all the ditties and rhymes of childhood. Think of any tune you love, and you find that it has an interesting rhythm and shape to it. Take the most well-known tune around the world, Happy Birthday to You, and hear that skipping rhythm on ‘happy’ and the carrying of the rhythm towards ‘you’ – ‘dum-ti dum dum dum dum’.

政治家发表严肃演讲时可能最不会想到音乐，但伟大的演说家总是对话语的节奏有强烈的直觉，并且知道某些演讲节奏令人难忘。强调在这种节奏中起着一定的作用（见上一节），单个单词、短语、句子甚至句子组的节奏也是如此。我稍后会在“改变节奏”中介绍更大的文本块。

Music may be the last thing on the mind of politicians giving serious speeches, but great speakers always have a strong instinct for the rhythm of words, and know that certain speech rhythms are memorable. Emphasis plays a part in this rhythm (see the preceding section), as do the rhythms of individual words, phrases, sentences and even groups of sentences. I cover larger chunks of text later in ‘Varying the rhythm’.

首先考虑单词，英语的词汇量很大，这让你可以选择一个节奏合适的单词来表达你想说的话。您可以使用简短、尖锐的盎格鲁撒克逊语词，例如“get”、“go”、“rule”和“like”，或者您可以使用拉丁语词来表达自己，例如“acquisition”、“procedure”、“operation”和“欣赏”，它们有更多的长度和流量。在 2008 年的美国总统竞选中，巴拉克奥巴马几乎将“是的，我们可以”这句话用作口头禅——三个强烈的盎格鲁-撒克逊语音节来向大众大声疾呼。想一想如果他选择说“我肯定这对我们来说是可能的”会产生什么影响。几乎一样的感觉，却有着截然不同的影响。

Thinking of words first, English has a huge vocabulary, and that allows you to choose a word with the appropriate rhythm for what you want to say. You can use short, sharp Anglo-Saxon words, such as ‘get’, ‘go’, ‘rule’ and ‘like’ or you can express yourself with Latinate words, such as ‘acquisition’, ‘procedure’, ‘operation’ and ‘appreciate’, which have more length and flow. In the 2008 US Presidential campaign, Barack Obama used the phrase ‘Yes we can’ almost as a mantra – three strong Anglo-Saxon syllables to pound out to the masses. Think of the impact if he’d chosen instead to say, ‘I affirm that it is possible for us.’ Almost the same sense, but a very different impact.

第 23 首探索节奏和影响。下次您想创建一个具有强烈影响力的陈述时，请将您的第一个想法写在纸上，然后在您的计算机上（在 Microsoft Word 中按 shift + F7）或在线打开同义词库。尝试用不同的方式来表达你的观点。从最初的短语开始：“进步将是困难的。”

Track 23 explores rhythm and impact. The next time you want to create a statement with strong impact, put down your first idea on paper, then open the Thesaurus on your computer (shift + F7 in Microsoft Word) or online. Experiment with alternative ways of making your point. Start with the original phrase: ‘Progress is going to be difficult.’

调整显示出具有挑战性的迹象。

Adjustment shows signs of being challenging.

新的情况肯定会受到考验。

New circumstances are guaranteed to be testing.

转型说起来容易做起来难。

Transformation is likely to be easier said than done.

革命有可能是残酷的。

Revolution threatens to be brutal.

改变必须是艰难的。

Change has got to be hard.

大声说出这些短语，听听每个节奏如何产生特定效果。该短语的某些版本显然不如其他版本引人注目。交换文字​​，直到产生您想要的效果。

Speak these phrases out loud and hear how each rhythm creates a particular effect. Some versions of the phrase clearly aren’t as compelling as others. Swap the words around until you create the impact you desire.

随着旋律移动

Moving to the melody

如果您边说话边移动，您通常会发现您的说话节奏更容易，因为您所说的话的能量会在您的身体中表达出来。

You can often find your speaking rhythm easier if you move as you speak, because the energy of the words you speak is expressed in your body.

说出Julius Caesar的这段摘录，其中 Cassius 表现出强烈的愤怒。大步向前，四处张望并停下来创造效果。将一只手从你的对面扫过，张开，做手势，指向或握紧拳头。确保动作与单词相符。“实验”是游戏的名称。在你说话的时候，用你的肢体动作感受单词的意思。听我在 Track 23 上的宣言！

Say this excerpt from Julius Caesar in which Cassius displays strong anger. Stride forward, throw your weight about and pause to create an effect. Sweep a hand from across you wide open, gesture, point or clench a fist. Make sure that the movements fit in with the words. ‘Experiment’ is the name of the game. Feel the meaning of the words in your body movements as you speak. Listen to my declamation on Track 23!

现在，以众神的名义，

我们的凯撒吃的是什么肉，

他长得如此伟大？年龄，你感到羞耻！

罗马，你失去了贵族血统！

自从大洪水以来，他去了一个世纪，

但它比一个人更出​​名？

他们什么时候能说到现在，那个谈论罗马的人，

她宽阔的城墙只围住了一个人？

现在真的是罗马了，房间足够了，

当里面只有一个人的时候。

Now, in the names of all the gods at once,

Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed,

That he is grown so great? Age, thou art shamed!

Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloods!

hen went there by an age, since the great flood,

But it was famed with more than with one man?

When could they say till now, that talk’d of Rome,

That her wide walls encompass’d but one man?

Now is it Rome indeed and room enough,

When there is in it but one only man.

用诗歌练习单词和短语的节奏！诗人亚历山大·蒲柏宣称“学会跳舞的人动作最轻松”；你也可以说，那些学会说诗的人最容易说话。

Practise the rhythm of words and phrases with poetry! The poet Alexander Pope declared that ‘Those move easiest who have learned to dance’; you might also say that those speak easiest who have learned to speak poetry.

改变节奏

Varying the rhythm

你有没有注意到一些演讲者有他们不断重复的节奏。你几乎可以在下面听到“ der de der de der ”的旋律：

Have you noticed how some speakers have a rhythm they repeat endlessly. You can almost hear a tune of ‘der de der de der’ in the following:

我们今天到了。很高兴你在这里。这是一个棘手的一年。利润略有下降。市场不太好。但是有很多事情要做。得坚持下去。

Here we are today. S’great to have you here. S’been a tricky year. Profit down a bit. Markets not so good. But there’s lots to do. Gotta keep it up.

这种节奏肯定会让人乏味。与其让你的听众有规律地入睡，不如改变你的时间和短语的长度，这样你就永远不会被预测到。

This kind of rhythm is a sure recipe for tedium. Rather than lulling your listeners to sleep with regularity, vary your timing and the lengths of your phrases so that you’re never predictable.

请考虑比尔·克林顿 (Bill Clinton) 2008 年民主党大会演讲中的以下摘录。听听他对问题进行分类时句子是如何变长的。还要注意从第四行开始你有一个上升的结尾和逐渐增加的速度在“伤害”、“下降”、“上升”、“增加”、“消失”上，然后一切突然落在最后三个的强烈音符上名词。克林顿是演讲中的音乐大师。尝试自己说出这些词并感受节奏。

Consider the following excerpt from Bill Clinton’s 2008 Democratic Convention speech. Hear how the sentences grow in length as he catalogues the troubles. Notice too how from line four onwards you have a rising ending and gradual increase in pace on ‘hurting’ ‘declining’, ‘rising’, ‘increasing’, ‘disappearing’, and then everything suddenly lands on a strong note for the final three nouns. Clinton is a master of music in speaking. Try speaking the words yourself and feel the rhythm.

我们的国家在两个方面都遇到了麻烦。

美国梦在国内遭到围攻，

美国在世界上的领导地位被削弱。

Our nation is in trouble on two fronts.

The American dream is under siege at home,

and America’s leadership in the world has been weakened.

中产阶级和低收入的美国人正在受到伤害，

Middle-class and low-income Americans are hurting,

随着收入下降、

失业、贫困和不平等加剧、

抵押贷款止赎和信用卡债务增加、

医疗保健覆盖面消失，

with incomes declining,

job losses, poverty, and inequality rising,

mortgage foreclosures and credit card debt increasing,

health care coverage disappearing,

以及食品、公用事业和汽油的成本大幅上涨。

and a big spike in the cost of food, utilities and gasoline.

当你阅读莎士比亚戏剧中的诗歌时，台词总是一样长。他使用的抑扬格五音步节奏在其他人手中可能会很无聊，因为节奏是僵硬的dum de dum de dum de dum de dum节奏。但压力就像一段爵士乐中的节拍。在掌握了规则图案后，您会注意到使线条生动起来的细微不规则性。

When you read Shakespeare poetry in his plays, the lines are always the same length. The iambic pentameter rhythm he employs can be boring in the hands of others with a rigid dum de dum de dum de dum de dum rhythm. But the stresses are only like the beat in a piece of jazz. After you grasp the regular pattern, you notice the subtle irregularities that bring the lines alive.

大声朗读约翰·多恩 (John Donne) 的五步抑扬格情诗的前两行。

Read out loud the first two lines of a love poem in iambic pentameter by John Donne.

我想知道你和我做了什么直到我们相爱？ _ 到那时我们还没有断奶吗？

I wonder by my troth what thou and I

Did till we lov’d? Were we not weaned till then?

第一行都很规则；然后在第二个你得到da -di-di da - '直到我们爱了吗？’你能感觉到说话者的惊讶：‘我们做了什么？ 非凡的！' 就好像这些词违背了你期望的节奏，让这条线更加丰富多彩。您期待这种模式，但它给了您一些不同的东西。听听我在 Track 24 中的变奏。

All pretty regular in the first line; then in the second you get da-di-di da – ‘Did till we lov’d?’ You sense the amazement of the speaker: ‘What did we do? Extraordinary!’ It’s as if the words push against the rhythm you expect and make the line more colourful. You’re expecting the pattern, but it gives you something different. Listen to my variations in Track 24.

说唱和嘻哈艺术家做类似的事情。他们进入节奏，然后稍微改变一下以适应特定的含义，赋予它新鲜感和活力。您可以像这样从许多不同的来源发现关于节奏的想法。

Rap and hip-hop artists do something similar. They get into a pounding rhythm, and then they vary it a bit to suit a particular meaning, giving it freshness and vitality. You can discover ideas about rhythm from many different sources like this.

玩音调

Playing with pitch

您还可以在音调的起伏中听到语音中的音乐。要了解这个想法，请再听一遍“祝你生日快乐” 。如果你注意曲调的音符而不是节奏，你会感觉到曲调越来越高，然后在最后再次下降。

You can also hear music in speech in the ups and downs of pitch. To get the idea, listen to ‘Happy Birthday to You’ again. If you pay attention to the notes of the tune instead of the rhythm, you get a sense of a tune climbing higher and higher and then coming down again at the end.

调到第 25 首曲目。自己唱“祝你生日快乐”，注意每行中的最高音符如何攀升（我已将它们标记为粗体）：

Tune in to Track 25. Sing ‘Happy Birthday to You’ yourself, and notice how the highest note in each line climbs higher (I’ve marked them in bold):

祝你生日快乐。祝你

生日快乐。亲爱的生日快乐；

Happy birthday to you.

Happy birthday to you.

Happy birthday dear someone;

然后在最后一行，注释再次落在粗体注释中：

and then in the last line, the notes fall again in the notes in bold:

祝你生日快乐。_

Happy birthday to you.

现在听新闻播报员或其他演讲者讲话，注意他们是如何形成音调模式的。以下是温斯顿丘吉尔爵士 1940 年演讲的摘录：

Now listen to a newsreader or another speaker, and notice how they make a pattern in pitch. Here’s an extract from a 1940 speech by Sir Winston Churchill:

你问，我们的目的是什么？（丘吉尔以高音结尾）

我可以用一个词来回答，这是胜利，（中音）

不惜一切代价的胜利，（中）

尽管有所有恐怖的胜利，（高）

胜利，无论道路多么漫长和艰难是; （低）

因为没有胜利，就没有生存。（结束极低）

You ask, what is our aim? (Churchill ends on a high note)

I can answer in one word, it is victory, (medium note)

victory at all costs, (medium)

victory in spite of all terror, (high)

victory, however long and hard the road may be; (low)

for without victory, there is no survival. (ends extremely low)

前面是一个强有力的陈述的典型形式：一个开头的短语把你带到一个高大上的有意义的词；另一个短语将您带到另一个重要的高点，最后一个短语将您带到一个重要的低点。它就像一连串的山峰，总是最终到达低谷。高耸的山峰给你一种悬念感，穿越一句话：'这！还有这个！还有这个！最终将您引向低位的“ this ” 。如果你这样说话，你就会保持悬念。你的听众不太可能在你发言中途打断你，而是等到最后的低点出现。

The preceding is a typical shape for a strong statement: an initial phrase takes you to a significant word on a high; another phrase takes you to another significant high, and the final phrase takes you to an important final word on a low. It’s like a series of mountain peaks, always arriving finally at a low at the end. The high peaks give you a sense of suspense as you travel through a sentence: ‘This! and also this! and this!’ leading you eventually to a low ‘this’. If you speak in this way, you maintain suspense. Your listeners are unlikely to interrupt you mid-statement, but wait until the release of the final low.

您可以通过多种方式给出语句形状。例如，如果你的陈述是一个问题，它不会以低音结束。请注意，高音将单词或短语标记为重要，而强调的低音则给人一种终结的感觉。您可以使用这些元素为您的陈述创建不同的形状。

You can give a statement shape in several ways. For example, if your statement is a question, it won’t end on a low note. Be aware that high sounds mark a word or phrase as significant, and an emphasised low pitched sound gives an air of finality. You can play with these elements to create different shapes for your statements.

在 YouTube 上查找政治摘要或收听电视或广播中的新闻播音员。注意句子的形状。在你开始发现它们之后，你开始到处都能听到它们，并开始欣赏它们可以添加到你自己的演讲中的内容。

Find political extracts on YouTube or tune into news announcers on the television or radio. Listen out for sentence shapes. After you begin spotting them, you start to hear them everywhere, and begin to appreciate what they can add to your own speech.

音高变化肯定会过头！听买房或度假节目，你经常会听到一种新的超强调，从超高到超低再到超高，在一系列巨大的音高变化中，没有任何词义上的正当性. 这种变化不是在塑造；它在俯冲！不要让您的听众坐上毫无意义的过山车；旨在使句子的形状与其含义相匹配。

Pitch variation can certainly be overdone! Listen to house-buying or holiday programmes and you often hear a new style of super-emphasis that swoops from super-high to super-low and super-high again in a series of huge pitch variations without any justification in the sense of the words. This variation isn’t shaping; it’s swooping! Don’t take your listeners on a meaningless roller-coaster ride; aim to match the shape of a sentence to its meaning.

复兴古老的修辞艺术

Reviving the Ancient Art of Rhetoric

修辞可能是一个过时的术语，但这种古老的艺术在今天依然生机勃勃。修辞学在公元前 600 年希腊智者的演讲者中发挥了重要作用，并且在今天的政治家的演讲中仍然发挥着重要作用。有关修辞学的起源和持续影响的更多信息，请参阅“力量与说服力：修辞学的艺术”。

Rhetoric may be an old-fashioned term, but the ancient art is alive and well today. Rhetoric played a big part in the impact of speakers from the Greek Sophists in 600 BC, and still plays a major role in the speeches of politicians today. See ‘Power and persuasion: the art of rhetoric’ for more on rhetoric’s beginning and on-going influence.

修辞学是说服他人说话的艺术，尤其是当它与语言的声音、重复、变化、音乐性和节奏相关时。利用修辞的目的是影响您的听众，通常是在他们意识以下的水平上。

Rhetoric is the art of persuasion in speaking, particularly as it relates to the sounds of language, its repetitions, variations, musicality and rhythms. The point of utilising rhetoric is to influence your listener, often at a level below their consciousness.

以下部分向您介绍一些最有用的修辞手段。想象一下，古典教育——只需几分钟！

The following sections introduce you to a few of the most useful rhetorical devices. Imagine, a classical education – in minutes!

三时起舞

Dancing in three time

最明显和最常用的修辞工具之一是三法则。“我来了，我看到了，我征服了，”尤利乌斯凯撒宣称。在三原则中，三个单词或短语的强度通常会增加，最后一个短语最强。前两个通常在形式上相似，而最后一个略有不同。

One of the most obvious and well-used rhetorical tools is the rule of three. ‘I came, I saw, I conquered,’ declared Julius Caesar. In the rule of three, the three words or phrases typically grow in intensity with the last phrase being the strongest. The first two are often similar in form with the final one slightly different.

尝试大声说出以下一些著名的三原则短语。让他们达到高潮或逐渐变得柔和。您也可以尝试让它们在最后逐渐放慢速度。直到最后不要带着定局感放弃音高；保持势头。听听我在 Track 26 中的尝试。

Try saying out loud some of the following well-known rule-of-three phrases. Make them build up to a climax or gradually get softer. You can also try making them gradually slow down at the end. Don’t drop the pitch with a sense of finality until the end; keep the momentum going. Listen to my attempts in Track 26.

这不是结束。

这甚至还没开始结尾。

但这也许是开始的结束

This is not the end.

It is not even the beginning of the end.

But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning

温斯顿丘吉尔爵士

Sir Winston Churchill

生命、

自由 和对幸福的

追求

Life,

liberty,

and the pursuit of happiness

美国独立宣言

US Declaration of Independence

明天果酱，

昨天果酱， 但今天

决不果酱

Jam tomorrow,

and jam yesterday,

but never jam today

刘易斯·卡罗尔，《镜中奇遇记》

Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass

使用三法则的诀窍是通过前两个词或词组建立张力，然后用力落在最后一个词或词组上。

The trick when working with the rule of three is to build the tension through the first two words or groups of words and then land with force on the final word or group.

用你自己的话试验三法则。一种方法是重复一个句子的开头两次，然后稍微改变它以获得有力的第三个陈述。以下是开始前两行的一些建议：

Experiment with the rule of three in words of your own. One way is to repeat the start of a sentence twice, and then alter it slightly for a powerful third statement. Here are some suggestions for starting the first two lines:

我知道…

I know that…

过得很辛苦……

It’s been hard…

有些人…

Some people…

这是我对其中之一的尝试（听 Track 26）：

Here’s my attempt at one of them (listen to Track 26):

我知道这对我们所有人来说都是艰难的一年。

我知道我们感觉好像一直在艰难上坡。

我也知道，我亲眼目睹了我们的员工所能提供的一些最好的服务。

I know that it’s been a difficult year for all of us.

I know that we feel as if we’ve been struggling uphill.

I also know that I’ve witnessed some of the best our people have to offer.

您可以在任何情况下使用三原则，而不仅仅是在正式演讲中。顺便说一句，它也是制作喜剧的好工具：

You can use the rule of three in any context, not just in formal speech. By the way, it’s a great device for creating comedy too:

周末我没有时间收拾太多东西，只有

袜子和

内衣。. .

还有我的忍者剑。

I didn’t have time to pack much for the weekend, just

socks,

undies . . .

and my ninja sword.

蓄势待发

Building up momentum

三法则是建立动力的好方法（见上一节）。正如我在本节中所说明的那样，简单的重复方法也可以通过其他方式建立动力。

The rule of three is a great way to build momentum (see the preceding section). The simple device of repetition can build momentum in other ways too, as I illustrate in this section.

在 YouTube 上查找过去的精彩演讲片段，以获取强大的动力示例。温斯顿丘吉尔、比尔克林顿和马丁路德金都在他们最伟大的演讲中建立了势头。

Find YouTube clips of great speeches from the past for powerful examples of momentum. Winston Churchill, Bill Clinton and Martin Luther King all built up momentum in their greatest speeches.

丘吉尔在 1940 年下议院著名演讲的这段摘录中一次又一次地使用了战斗的形象。每一行都以相同的短语开头：

Churchill used the image of fighting again and again in this extract from his famous speech in the House of Commons in 1940. Every line begins with the same phrase:

我们将进行到底，

我们将在法国作战，

我们将在海上作战，

我们将以越来越大的信心和越来越强的力量在空中作战，

我们将保卫我们的岛屿，无论付出何种代价，我们都将在海滩上战斗， 我们将在登陆场上战斗， 我们将在田野和街道上战斗， 我们将在山上战斗； 我们永远不会投降。

We shall go on to the end,

we shall fight in France,

we shall fight on the seas and oceans,

we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air,

we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be,

we shall fight on the beaches,

we shall fight on the landing grounds,

we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,

we shall fight in the hills;

we shall never surrender.

当他终于说到最后一句“我们永远不会投降”时，在他最深沉的声音中，它的影响是非同寻常的。在 YouTube 上收听摘录，听听他的声音如何通过十行来保持悬念。

When he finally reaches the last line, ‘we shall never surrender’, in his deepest of deep voices, its impact is extraordinary. Listen to the extract on YouTube and hear how his voice maintains the suspense through ten lines.

约翰·肯尼迪 (John Kennedy) 在 1963 年的柏林演讲中使用这些技巧将演讲推向高潮。在这次演讲中，重复采用了副歌的形式。在最后一次迭代中，他通过将他重复的短语翻译成德语来产生影响，然后最后一次用英语再次强调：

John Kennedy built up to a grand climax using these skills in his Berlin speech in 1963. In this speech, repetition takes the form of a refrain. In the last iteration, he creates an impact by slipping in a German translation of his repeated phrase, before saying it again in English with great emphasis for the last time:

世界上有很多人真的不明白，或者说他们不明白，自由世界和共产世界之间的重大问题是什么。

让他们来柏林。

There are many people in the world who really don’t understand, or say they don’t, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world.

Let them come to Berlin.

有人说共产主义是未来的潮流。

让他们来柏林。

There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future.

Let them come to Berlin.

还有一些人说，在欧洲和其他地方，我们可以与共产党合作。

让他们来柏林。

And there are some who say, in Europe and elsewhere, we can work with the Communists.

Let them come to Berlin.

甚至有少数人说，共产主义确实是一个邪恶的制度，但它使我们能够取得经济进步。Lass' sie nach Berlin kommen。

让他们来柏林。

And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass’ sie nach Berlin kommen.

Let them come to Berlin.

押韵和鸣响

Rhyming and chiming

您可以尽情享受本节中的修辞手段，这些修辞手段都是关于呼应声音的。您可以回显：

You can enjoy yourself with the rhetorical devices in this section, which are all about echoing sounds. You can echo through:

头韵：重复最初的辅音（pickled p umpkin）

Alliteration: Repeating the initial consonants (pickled pumpkin)

谐音：元音回声（Bl a ck b a ckp a ck）

Assonance: Echoing vowel sounds (Black backpack)

辅音：呼应内部辅音（ri ch batch elor）

Consonance: Echoing internal consonants (rich batchelor)

押韵：相似的元音和最后的辅音。（烹饪书） _

Rhyme: Similar vowel sounds and final consonants. (Cook book)

背诵卡罗琳·威尔斯 (Carolyn Wells) 1918 年的一首诗中的三行奇怪的诗句，锻炼您的头韵和辅音肌肉。华丽地大声朗读这些台词！听曲目 27。

Flex your alliteration and consonance muscles by reciting three odd lines from a poem of 1918 by Carolyn Wells. Read these lines out loud with flamboyance! Listen to Track 27.

如果你抓到一个吹毛求疵的牧师为厨师杀腌鱼

如果你看到一艘战舰轰击比斯开湾

如果你看到一个胡说八道的梦想家把小鸭子淹死在沟里。

If you caught a captious curate killing kippers for the cook,

If you beheld a battleboat bombarding Biscay Bay

If you saw a drivelling dreamer drowning ducklings in a ditch.

协音（元音回音）通常带有回音和半回音，例如昂山素季在1995 年非政府组织妇女论坛上的主题演讲的开场白。 , 并以坚定的a音结尾（斜体）。

Assonance (echoing vowel sounds) is often subtle with echoes and half-echoes, as in the opening of Aung San Suu Kyi’s Keynote Address at the NGO Forum on Women in 1995. She opens with sonorous or, uh and ah sounds (in bold), and ends with firm a sounds (in italics).

这是一项艰巨但艰巨的任务，让我在这个论坛的开幕式上说几句话，这是女性最伟大的课程（有一些勇敢的男人加入！）它曾经出现在我们的 pl a net上。

It is a wonderful but daunting task that has fallen on me to say a few words by way of opening this Forum, the greatest concourse of women (joined by a few brave men!) that has ever gathered on our planet.

全押韵（元音和最后的辅音相同）在诗歌中更常见，但对于散文中令人难忘的短语非常有用。想想人才流失、指责游戏、肥猫、哗众取宠——以及巴特·辛普森 (Bart Simpson) 的“我不是一个刻薄的吐痰机器”。你还能找到什么？迪伦·托马斯 (Dylan Thomas) 的广播剧《米尔克伍德之下》( Under Milkwood )充满了头韵、谐音、谐音、押韵——您可以想象的每一种语言都在回响。它将散文变成一种诗歌（我在 Track 27 上读到过）：

Full rhymes (both vowel sounds and final consonants the same), are more often found in poetry, but serve brilliantly for memorable phrases in prose. Think of brain drain, blame game, fat cat, claptrap – and Bart Simpson’s, ‘I am not a lean mean spitting machine.’ What others can you find? Dylan Thomas’s radio play, Under Milkwood, is brim-full of alliteration, consonance, assonance, rhyming – every kind of language echoing you can imagine. It turns prose into a kind of poetry (I read this on Track 27):

来吧，在黑暗中漂流，在黑暗的夜晚像大海一样摇摆不定，沿​​着漂流的海黑色街道漂流，来到杰克布莱克上方的圣经般的黑色密闭阁楼，鞋匠的商店杰克布莱克独自野蛮地睡觉，穿着睡衣松紧带一直到他的脚踝，他梦想着追逐那些淘气的情侣，追逐到树林里草绿色的醋栗双人床上，在唾沫和木屑中抽打那些乱七八糟的东西，把那些裸露的大胆女孩从他噩梦中的六便士啤酒花中赶出来。

Come now, drift up the dark, come up the drifting sea-dark street now in the dark night seesawing like the sea, to the bible-black airless attic over Jack Black the cobbler’s shop where alone and savagely Jack Black sleeps in a nightshirt tied to his ankles with elastic and dreams of chasing the naughty couples down the grassgreen gooseberried double bed of the wood, flogging the tosspots in the spit-and-sawdust, driving out the bare bold girls from the sixpenny hops of his nightmares.

根据您选择的声音，使用回声来加快或减慢您的说话速度。在上面的摘录中，阅读速度自然会随着单词的发音而变化，所以第一个黑暗飘逸的部分读起来很慢，当你到达杰克布莱克的梦想和你正在比赛的“草绿色醋栗双人床”时一直到句子结尾。

Use echoes to speed up or slow down your speaking, according to which sounds you choose. In the extract above, the speed of reading naturally changes with the sounds of the words, so that the first dark, drifting part reads slowly, and by the time you reach Jack Black’s dream and the ‘grassgreen gooseberried double bed’ you’re racing along towards the sentence end.

享受沉默

Enjoying the Silence

在经历了前一段的夸张之后，我想请你停下来享受安静。如果你说话时有点紧张，沉默是最难忍受的事情之一。每次你停下来，一微秒感觉就像一个小时，你会变得难为情，感觉每个人都在看着你。

After the rhetorical excitement of the preceding section, I want to invite you to pause and enjoy the quiet. If you get at all nervous when you speak, silence is one of the hardest things to endure. Every time you stop, a micro-second feels like an hour, and you become self-conscious and feel everyone looking at you.

然而，在沉默中暂停片刻的能力却大有裨益。适当的停顿：

Yet the ability to pause in silence for a few moments has much going for it. A well-placed pause:

作为自信的重要标志：当你舒服地停下来时，人们会发现你很自信。

Serves as a great mark of confidence: When you pause comfortably, people find you self-assured.

让听众有机会处理您所说的内容：没有人可以持续聆听。他们需要反思的空间。在停下来思考你的话之后，人们更愿意倾听你接下来要说的话。

Gives listeners the chance to process what you’re saying: No one can listen continuously. They need space for reflection. After a pause to think about your words, people are more ready to listen to the next thing you say.

使人们更强烈地听到您在沉默之前所说的话：那些重要的话悬在空中，人们有时间在沉默中考虑它们。

Makes people hear the words you spoke just before the silence more strongly: Those important words hang in the air, and people have time to consider them in the silence.

制造紧张或期待： “他在地板上看到了……”。. . 身体。' 或 '今年的获胜者是 . . . 简·奥斯本！

Creates tension or anticipation: ‘And there on the floor he saw . . . the body.’ or ‘This year’s winner is . . . Jane Osborne!’

给你思考的空间： 当你匆匆忙忙地进行演讲时，沉默可能看起来不自然，但沉默是交流自然节奏的重要组成部分。当你在正常谈话中放松时，当你想到接下来要说的话时，自然会停顿一下。如果没有几次思考停顿，您很快就会听起来机械或过度排练。

Gives you thinking space: Silence may seem unnatural when you’re going headlong through a speech, but silence is an important part of the natural rhythm of communication. When you’re relaxed in normal conversation, a pause happens naturally as you think of the next thing to say. Without a few thinking pauses, you can quickly sound mechanical or over-rehearsed.

使 你的话的意思清楚：如果你不停顿地匆匆说完某些句子，人们可能会严重误解你。以令人费解的说法为例，“理查国王死后十分钟与他的人民交谈”，这实际上应该意味着“理查国王与他的人民交谈”；（停顿）十分钟后，他死了！

Makes the meaning of your words clear: If you rush through certain sentences with no pause, people can seriously misunderstand you. Take the mystifying statement, ‘King Richard talked to his people ten minutes after he was dead’, which is actually supposed to mean, ‘King Richard talked to his people; (pause) ten minutes after, he was dead!’

清楚地表明您将继续进行演讲的另一部分：例如，“So that completed the trial”。暂停; 新的开始：'项目的下一阶段是。. .'

Clearly indicates that you’re going to move on to another section of your speech: For example, ‘So that completed the trial.’ Pause; new beginning: ‘The next phase of the project was. . .’

在你说了一些你不想说的话之后，可以作为你嘴巴的“后退键”：一旦你发出了一个 gaff，暂停，移动到另一个位置（或者只是在你的椅子上改变位置），然后说话用一种完全不同的语气，几乎像是换了一个人：‘啊，我不是那个意思！我想说的是。. .' 您的听众会忘记之前出现的令人困惑或不正确的材料，您可以自由地继续您的信息。

Can function as a ‘back space’ key for your mouth after you say something you wish you hadn’t: As soon as you make a gaff, pause, move to another spot (or just shift position in your chair), and then speak in a completely different tone of voice, almost like a new person: ‘Ah, that’s not what I meant to say! What I’d like to say is. . .’ Your listeners forget the confusing or incorrect material that came before and you’re free to carry on with your message.

暂停似乎很困难，因为它感觉什么都没有——一种你觉得有必要用某种东西来填补的空虚，即使是一个无益的或不自觉的想法。但是停顿从来都不是什么！这是演讲者工具箱中最有效的技能之一。总是停下来做某事。沉默是做或成为的时间。把它想象成充满希望的停顿，一个充满希望的停顿。

A pause can seem difficult because it feels like nothing – a void you feel impelled to fill with something, even if an unhelpful or self-conscious thought. But a pause is never nothing! It’s one of the most effective skills in a speaker’s toolbox. Always do something with a pause. The silence is a time of doing or becoming. Think of it as pregnant pause, a pause full of promise.

以简单的短语：'Friends, Romans, Countrymen' 为例，说出每个词时在下一个词之前停顿片刻。在说话之间用思想来做，感受他们的能量在沉默中流动。在此练习期间，您可以四处走动，但该练习主要是一种精神和情感练习，因此请专注于每次呼吸所产生的想法和感受。例如，

Take the simple phrase: ‘Friends, Romans, Countrymen’ and say each word with a massive pause before the next. Do it with thoughts in between the words and feel their energy moving through the silence. You can move around during this practice, but the exercise is largely a mental and emotional one so concentrate on the thoughts and feelings that build with each breath. For example,

“朋友”——在你说出这个词之前，环顾观众四周，寻找离你最近的人。想一想您与他们之间的良好关系，以及他们如何支持您渡过难关，他们是多么了不起。用亲密的声音说话。

‘Friends’ – Before you say the word, look around the audience for the people who are closest to you. Think of the good relationships you have with them and how they’ve supported you through thick and thin, how amazing they are. Speak with a voice of intimacy.

“罗马人”——在你说这个词之前，把注意力转移到那些属于你所在城市的人身上；那些喜欢你的人会爱上这个地方；像您这样的人为自己生活在已知宇宙的中心而感到自豪，拥有它所有的历史、力量和力量。只要靠近他们就会让你想站得更高。用自豪的声音说话。

‘Romans’ – Before you say the word, turn your attention to those who belong to your city; those people who like you feel a love for this place; people like you who feel so proud that they live in the centre of the known universe, with all its history, its strength and power. Just being near them makes you want to stand taller. Speak with a voice of pride.

“乡下人”——在你说这个词之前，扫视一下你的听众，看看有没有人是从远方来的；想想他们在土地上劳作，为这座城市和这个庞大的帝国提供粮篮；想一想这些远在他乡的人也是忠诚和真诚的。带着感激之情说出这个词。

‘Countrymen’ – Before you say the word, scan your audience for people who have come in from afar; think of them working the land, providing the grain basket for the city and for this vast empire; think about these people who though from far away are also loyal and true. Say the word with a sense of gratitude.

用最后一句话“把你的耳朵借给我”来结束这个练习，感受这个伟大而光荣的人为了你必须给他们的信息而聚集在一起。

Finish the exercise with the final words, ‘Lend me your ears’, and sense the coming together of this great and glorious people for the message you have to give them.

在暂停期间，执行以下任一操作：

During a pause, do any of the following:

想想你刚才说的话。

Think about what you’ve just uttered.

转向你的下一个陈述。

Move towards your next statement.

创造并分享一种心态——平静、兴奋、悬念、决心等等。

Create and share a state of mind – calm, excitement, suspense, determination and so on.

在那种心态下感受与你的听众的联系。

Feel a connection with your audience in that state of mind.

听听马丁·路德·金的“我有一个梦想”演讲，了解建立停顿的一个很好的例子。我指示停顿，并建议我在金说话之间的空气中感觉到一些情绪化的词和短语。

Listen to Martin Luther King’s ‘I have a dream’ speech for a great example of pauses that build. I indicate the pause and suggest some emotional words and phrases that I sense in the air between King’s words.

我有一个梦想 。. . （哦，是的，我们梦想着未来，它真的会发生吗？）那一天。. . （是的，我们等了多长时间才说“有一天”，但“一天”是具体的，它会发生）这个国家将会崛起。. . （这是我们的“国家”，我们是其中的一部分，这里也有革命的迹象）。

I have a dream . . . (Oh yes, we dream of a future, could it really happen?) that one day . . . (Yes, how long we have waited and said ‘one day’, but ‘one day’ is specific, it will happen) this nation will rise up . . . (this is our ‘nation’ and we are part of it, and there’s a hint of revolution here too).

在此演讲中，金每一次有力的停顿期间，您听到了哪些具体的词语——您有哪些具体的感受？

What specific words do you hear – what specific feelings do you feel – during each of King’s powerful pauses in this speech?

第9章

Chapter 9

以共鸣的力量充分表达自我

Expressing Yourself Fully with the Power of Resonance

在这一章当中

In This Chapter

在不同的音高上发出你的声音

Producing your voice at different pitches

说话有表情

Speaking expressively

来自自信、权威和热情的地方

Coming from places of confidence, authority and passion

扩大范围

Expanding your range

在本章中，我将与您分享拥有好嗓子的最重要秘诀，它赋予您的声音音质，放大您的声音，并为各种声音提供基础。是共鸣。

In this chapter I share with you the most important secret of a great voice, the one thing that gives your voice tonal quality, that amplifies your voice and that provides the basis for such a variety of sounds. It’s resonance.

共振是声带通过身体的物理振动。当您不受限制地发出声音时，当您表达不同的能量（例如决心或同理心）时，共振会在您身体的不同部位产生振动。发现如何使用共鸣打开了一条能够有力和有影响力地表达自己的道路。在本章中，我将依次向您介绍不同的谐振器。

Resonance is the physical vibration of your vocal folds through your body. When you produce your voice without constriction, resonance produces vibrations in different parts of your body as you express different energies such as determination or empathy. Discovering how to use resonance opens the way to being able to express yourself powerfully and influentially. In this chapter, I introduce you to the different resonators in turn.

开始探索共振

Beginning to Explore Resonance

如果你的声音没有共鸣，它就会很虚弱。您的声带就像细小的橡皮筋，它们自己不会发出太多声音。他们需要您的头部、胸部和身体其他部位的共振腔来放大您的声音并创造出有力、动感的声音。

If your voice didn’t resonate, it would be feeble. Your vocal chords are like tiny rubber bands and don’t produce much sound on their own. They need the resonating cavities of your head, chest and the rest of your body to amplify your sound and create a powerful, dynamic voice.

通过这个小实验体验振动和共振的工作原理。用拇指和食指松松地握住一根橡皮筋，然后将其拨动。在它松弛的状态下，它几乎不会发出任何声音。然后将橡皮筋套在拇指和小指上，然后伸出手来拉长橡皮筋。现在采摘它。它发出砰砰声，更响亮但仍然相当安静。最后将橡皮筋拉过顶部和底部相当陡峭的碗的底部。将碗放在坚硬的表面上，然后将带子拉到凹形内。您会听到一种更响亮、更悦耳的声音。这就是共鸣！

Experience how vibration and resonance works with this little experiment. Hold a rubber band loosely between your thumb and forefinger and pluck it. In its flabby state, it makes practically no sound. Then loop the band over your thumb and little finger and stretch out your hand to extend the rubber band. Now pluck it. It makes a pinging sound, more resonant but still fairly quiet. Finally stretch the rubber band across the top and around the bottom of a fairly steep-sided bowl. Rest the bowl on a hard surface and pluck the band within the concave shape. You hear a sound that is considerably louder and more musical. That’s resonance!

小提琴的琴弦在乐器的中空主体上伸展，其工作方式类似于在碗周围伸展的绷紧的橡皮筋。琴弦两端固定，小提琴琴身可以自由振动。这些振动产生了乐器温暖、有力的声音。

The strings of a violin stretched across the instrument’s hollow body work in a similar way to a taut rubber band stretched around a bowl. The strings are fixed at each end, leaving the body of the violin free to vibrate. These vibrations produce the warm, powerful sound of the instrument.

当您说话时，您相当于小提琴的木结构是您的头部和您的身体。声带产生的振动（请参阅第 4 章）在遇到您体内的骨骼表面和腔体时会倍增，从而引发谐波，使音调令人满意地丰富而复杂。

When you speak, your equivalent of the violin’s wood structure is your head and your body. The vibrations produced by your vocal folds (refer to Chapter 4) multiply as they encounter the bony surfaces and cavities within you, setting off harmonics that make the tone satisfyingly rich and complex.

您独特的体型创造了您的声音。传奇男高音帕瓦罗蒂优美的声音因他庞大的体格而得到增强。另一位伟大的歌手玛丽亚·卡拉斯 (Maria Callas) 在减掉相当多的体重后，为了看起来更像肺病女主角，牺牲了她丰富的声调。不过别担心——小提琴听起来和低音提琴一样好听——反之亦然！

Your unique body shape creates your sounds. The legendary tenor Pavarotti’s beautiful sounds were enhanced by his vast bulk. Another great singer, Maria Callas, sacrificed some of her rich vocal tone when she lost a considerable number of pounds to look more the part of the consumptive heroine. Don’t worry though – a violin sounds just as good as a double bass – and vice versa!

表达共鸣

Expressing resonance

共振爱骨头！它们是出色的振动导体。你身体坚硬的表面提供最强烈的共鸣。头骨和胸部的骨骼特别好，但所有骨骼都有贡献——甚至是脊椎骨。软骨和肌肉（如果调理起来！）也能很好地放大声音。共振特别喜欢凹陷和其他凹面，您可以在下喉咙、嘴巴、鼻子、鼻窦凹陷和头骨中找到它们。

Resonance loves bones! They’re excellent conductors of vibrations. The hard surfaces of your body provide the strongest resonance. The bones of the skull and the chest are particularly good, but all bones contribute – even the vertebrae of your spine. Cartilage and muscles (if toned up!) also amplify the sound well. Resonance especially loves hollows and other concave surfaces, which you find in the lower throat, the mouth, the nose, the sinus hollows and the skull.

不要把自己抱得太紧。声音需要在不僵硬的情况下在您的身体周围自由回荡。但是，您还需要避免塌陷或下垂。共振不喜欢身体松弛、柔软的部分，因为它们吸收和减弱声音，就像客厅里厚重的窗帘和厚地毯一样。如果你想让你的声音很好地产生共鸣，你需要在保持开放和自由的同时感受你身体的弹性——既不紧绷也不松弛。有关弹性松弛的进一步描述，请参阅第 5 章。

Don’t hold yourself too tightly. Sound needs freedom to echo around your body without meeting rigidity. However, you also need to avoid slumping or sagging. Resonance does not love the flabby, squishy parts of the body because they absorb and deaden sound like heavy curtains and a thick carpet in a sitting room. If you want your voice to resonate well, you need to feel the elastic strength of your body – neither tight nor flabby – as you hold yourself open and free. See Chapter 5 for further descriptions of elastic relaxation.

正如我在以下部分中详细探讨的那样，当您接触不同的精神和情感能量时，身体不同部位的共振会自然发生。然而，为了产生共鸣，你的身体需要自由灵活，你的思想和情感必须允许你表达正在发生的事情。如果这些条件中的任何一个没有到位，自然过程就会被打乱，你就会遇到发声问题（我将在第 11 章探讨）。现在，我假设你是自由和灵活的，愿意充分表达自己。

As I explore in detail in the following sections, resonance in different parts of your body happens naturally as you access different mental and emotional energies. In order for resonance to happen, however, your body needs to be free and flexible, and your mind and emotions must permit you to express what’s going on. If either of these provisos isn’t in place, the natural process is disrupted and you experience vocal problems (which I explore in Chapter 11). For now, I assume that you’re free and flexible and willing to express yourself fully.

当你自由地发声时，每一个不同的想法、感觉或冲动都会影响共鸣，你的声音以非凡的微妙表达这些不同能量的不断变化的组合。当你做本章的练习时，你一次只关注一个谐振器。您在现实生活中不会这样做，但一次将它们隔离开来可以让您分别了解每个谐振器的功能，并研究您迄今为止可能忽略的特定谐振器。

When you produce your voice with freedom, every different thought, feeling or impulse affects the resonance, and your voice expresses ever-varying combinations of these different energies with extraordinary subtlety. When you do the exercises in this chapter, you focus on just one resonator at time. You don’t do this in real life, but isolating them one at a time enables you to understand the function of each resonator separately, and to work on particular resonators that you may have neglected until now.

改变你的音高

Varying your pitch

当您的声音在您的身体周围回响时，它还可以改变音高。大多数人说话时的音域是三四个音，但如果他们用歌手的奉献精神训练自己的声音，他们可以有三四个八度的音域。

As your voice resounds around your body, it also has the ability to vary in pitch. Most people have a vocal range of three or four notes when they speak, but they could have a range of three or four octaves if they trained their voices with the dedication of singers.

您的范围不仅取决于您个人生理的物理限制，还取决于您的条件。你可能仍然可以用非常 高的音调尖叫，但你可能最后一次做到这一点是在你的摇篮里。

Your range is defined not only by the physical limitations of your individual physiology but also by your conditioning. You may still be able to scream on a really high note, but you probably last performed that feat in your cradle.

较宽的音高范围涉及比您在日常生活中可能表现出的更大的情感自由和强度。许多人将声音的共鸣压在嗓子眼和胸腔里，这证实了一个普遍的观点，即在日常谈话中不能表达激情或喜悦。大多数人都很压抑！

A wider pitch range involves greater emotional freedom and intensity than you probably demonstrate in daily life. Many people keep the resonance of their voices down in their throats and chests, confirming the common view that expressions of passion or joy don’t have a place in everyday speaking. Most people are quite inhibited!

演员，因为他们训练自己的声音，所以音域比大多数人都大。每个新部分都需要与声音不同的东西。伟大的英国演员劳伦斯·奥利弗 (Laurence Olivier) 经常挺身而出迎接挑战。但是当他接受奥赛罗的角色时，他决定他的声音需要一些特别的东西。他进行了一段时间的强化准备，包括身体训练，以增强肌肉张力和力量，以及声音训练以降低声音。在这部分听到他的人评论说他的声音有多深；他成功地在他的低音区添加了几个音符。顺便说一句，有报道称奥利维尔通过对着一群奶牛吼叫一个小时来为这个角色热身！

Actors, because they train their voices, have a bigger pitch range than most people. Every new part demands something different from the voice. The great British actor Laurence Olivier frequently rose to the challenge. But when he accepted the part of Othello, he decided that something exceptional was needed from his voice. He undertook a period of intensive preparation, including body work, to give himself greater muscle tone and strength and voice work to lower his voice. People who heard him in the part remarked upon how deep his voice was; he succeeded in adding several notes to his lower range. Incidentally, reports said that Olivier warmed up his voice for the role by bellowing at a herd of cows for an hour!

发出不同的音调时，身体的不同部位会发挥作用：

Different parts of your body come into play when producing different pitches:

低音胸部

The chest for low sounds

中音的喉咙、上颚、牙齿和下巴

The throat, palate, teeth and jaw for middle sounds

鼻窦、颧骨、鼻子、上鼻窦和颅骨发出最高音

The sinuses, cheekbones, nose, and the upper sinuses and skull for the highest sounds

在接下来的部分中，我将依次提供开发每个谐振器的活动。也就是说，整个身体都在不断地参与创造声音，因为身体某一部分的共振会在其他地方引起其他共振、谐波和泛音。

In the following sections, I offer activities to develop each resonator in turn. That said, the whole body is constantly involved in creating sound because a resonance in one part of the body sets up other resonances, harmonics and overtones elsewhere.

通过我在第 28 首曲目中演示的这种有趣的练习，尝试不同的音高来探索您的音域。告诉自己 – 或被俘虏的孩子 – “三只熊”的故事，充分了解各种角色。欣赏三只熊说话的部分，看看您可以发出多么不同的声音。例如尝试这部分：

Try out different pitches to explore your range with this playful practice which I demonstrate in Track 28. Tell yourself – or a captive child – the story of ‘The Three Bears’, getting fully into the various characters. Enjoy the parts where the three bears speak and see just how different in pitch you can make the voices. Try this part for example:

“有人吃了我的粥，”熊爸爸用低沉粗哑的声音说。

‘Somebody’s been eating my porridge,’ said the Daddy Bear in a deep gruff voice.

“有人一直在吃我的粥，”熊妈妈用温和的中等声音说道。

‘And somebody’s been eating my porridge,’ said the Mummy Bear in a gentle medium voice.

“有人一直在吃我的粥，他们把粥都吃光了，”熊宝宝用尖锐的声音尖叫着说。

‘And somebody’s been eating my porridge, and they’ve eaten it all up,’ said the Baby Bear in a high squeal of a voice.

您可以使用约翰·多恩 (John Donne) 的爱情诗《早安》(The Good Morrow) 中的以下摘录，以稍微严肃一点的方式练习这些技能 。为了进入戏剧模式，在背诵台词时使用宽阔的手势在房间里大步走：

You can practise these skills in slightly more serious mode using the following extract from the love poem ‘The Good Morrow’ by John Donne. In order to get into dramatic mode, stride around the room using broad gestures as you recite the lines:

我想知道，老实说，你和我

做了什么直到我们相爱？到那时我们还没有断奶吗？

（这些台词的惊呼声很高）

I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I

Did till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?

(high voice of surprise for these lines)

却幼稚地享受着乡村的乐趣？

（此行的中间声音）

But sucked on country pleasures childishly?

(middle voice for this line)

或者我们在七睡者的巢穴里哼了一声？

（此行的声音很深）

Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers’ den?

(deep voice for this line)

'Twas so

（最深沉的缓慢低沉的声音）

’Twas so

(deepest of slow deep voices for this phrase)

在前两种练习中，专注于词义和不同音高的感觉，而不是你听到的。你的耳朵可能会欺骗你！

In the previous two practices, concentrate on the meaning of the words and the feeling of the different pitches rather than on what you hear. Your ears may deceive you!

避免身体下压以使声音低沉。不要勉强什么。想象并感受从你身体深处传来的低沉声音。发出什么声音都可以。

Avoid pushing down physically to make your voice deep. Don’t force anything. Just imagine and feel a low voice coming from deep in your body. Whatever sounds come out are fine.

支持你的胸部声音

Championing Your Chest Voice

当您说出您认为是真实的事情并想分享您的信念时，您的声音自然会在您的胸腔中颤动。你也可以在语言中听到身体的这一部分与真相之间的联系：你“把事情从你的胸膛里拿出来”并且“把它做成一个干净的胸膛”。如果您想发出更具权威性和庄重感的声音，这就是您需要培养的共鸣。

When you state something you believe to be true and want to share your belief, your voice naturally vibrates in your chest. You hear the connection between this part of the body and truth in language too: you ‘get things off your chest’ and ‘make a clean breast of it’. If you want to develop a voice with more authority and gravitas, this is the resonance you need to develop.

回荡在胸口的声音不高不低，很好听，很好听。它拥有权威之环，往往值得信赖。听起来很自信和放心。有关胸部声音特别有效的情况的更多信息，请参阅后面的“使用胸部声音”部分。

The voice that resounds in your chest is easy to listen to, not too high and not too low, and it carries well. It has the ring of authority and tends to be trusted. It sounds confident and assured. See the later section ‘Using your chest voice’ for more on situations in which your chest voice is particularly effective.

发出你的胸音

Producing your chest voice

为所有这些共鸣练习挺身而开。保持放松，尤其是在身体的上半部分，放松肩膀，放松喉咙。对于较低的共振，请低调思考并在没有向上张力的情况下安定下来。有关更多放松技巧，请参阅第 5 章。

Stand tall and open for all these resonance practices. Stay relaxed, particularly in the upper part of your body, with your shoulders loose and throat free. For the lower resonances, think low and settle down into your body with no upward tension. See Chapter 5 for more relaxation techniques.

为了发出自信的胸腔声音，您需要找到发出这些音调时共鸣最强烈的身体部位——您的胸骨。当你触摸你的胸部时，你可以感觉到它坚硬平坦的表面。听曲目 29。

In order to produce your confident chest voice, you need to locate the area of your body that resonates most strongly when you produce these tones – your sternum (breast) bone. You can feel its hard flat surface when you touch your chest. Listen to Track 29.

1. 将手放在胸前，吸气。

1. Put your hand on your chest and breathe in.

2. 当你呼气时，沉浸在轻松的嗡嗡声中。

2. As you breathe out, settle into the easy humming sound hermmm.

有一种向下放松的感觉——没有任何推动或压力。

Have a feeling of relaxing downwards – without any pushing or strain.

相反，您可以选择以舒适的音调开始嗡嗡声，然后将声音调低，直到感觉好像到达您的胸部。然后打开嗡嗡声变成加长的单词mmmore。

You may choose instead to start on a hum at a comfortable pitch and slide the sound down in pitch until it feels as if it reaches your chest. Then open the hum out into the lengthened word mmmore.

3. 感觉你的胸骨在你的手下振动。

3. Feel your sternum bone vibrate under your hand.

4.继续吸气，一边用手反复拍打胸口，一边发出“啊”的声音。

4. Continue to breathe and make an aah sound while patting your chest repeatedly with your hand.

注意你的手的动作是如何打断声音的——如果你的声音在那里振动的话。当他发出著名的哭声时，声音像泰山一样嘶哑。

Notice how the movement of your hand interrupts the sounds – if your voice is vibrating there. The sound ululates like Tarzan when he does his famous cry.

5. 找到胸部震动的地方，用饱满的泰山叫声放开自己，用力捶打胸部。

5. When you find the place where your chest vibrates, let yourself go with the full-bodied Tarzan cry, beating your chest vigorously.

享受在您胸中振动的强劲声音！

Enjoy the robust sounds that vibrate in your chest!

Tarzan 的哭声是准确感受声音在您胸腔内共鸣的好方法。另一种方法是找到正确的位置并根据共鸣说话（Track 29）：

Tarzan cries are a great way to get an accurate feeling of sound resonating in your chest. Another way is to locate the correct place and speak from that resonance (Track 29):

1. 双手轻轻放在腹部，呼吸新鲜空气。

1. Lay your hands lightly on your belly and take a good fresh breath.

当你向下吸入空气时，感觉你的手轻轻抬起。

Feel your hands gently rise as you take in air low down.

2.呼气时发出ffff 的 声音，双手轻轻接触腹部以监测气流的顺畅。

2. Make the sound ffff on the out-breath, keeping your hands in gentle contact with your belly to monitor the smooth flow of air.

继续发出声音几秒钟，让空气保持美丽稳定的流动。

Continue making the sound for a few seconds, keeping the air flowing in a beautiful steady stream.

3. 重复第 1 步和第 2 步，但这次在呼气时发出vvvv （它会刺激你的声带）。

3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2, but this time make the sound vvvv (which engages your vocal cords) on the out-breath.

想得相当低，但让球场自己决定。保持气流畅通且稳定。注意身体的振动。如果你的胸部在振动，那就完美了。

Think fairly low, but let the pitch decide itself. Keep the air flow free and steady. Be aware of vibrations in your body. If your chest vibrates, that’s perfect.

4. 从与你发出的vvvv声音 相同的地方说话。

4. Speak from same place as the vvvv sound you made.

如果你喜欢，直接从vvvv直接变成一句话：' Vvvveronica loves to play chess.' 听听音调如何低沉并在您的胸腔中产生共鸣。

If you like, go straight from vvvv into a sentence within the same breath: ‘Vvvveronica loves to play chess.’ Hear how the tone is low and resonates in your chest.

在共振练习中，想象你在说话前呼吸到共振的地方并与它的能量连接。当你呼吸到胸腔的共鸣时，想想自信和力量。

During resonance practice, imagine that you’re breathing into the resonating place and connecting with its energy before you speak. Think of confidence and strength as you breathe into the resonance in your chest.

通过身体练习找到共鸣后，您还可以通过心理意图发现它——通常更强烈。当大多数人对某事有强烈的看法时，尤其是当意见是否定的时候，大多数人会自然而然地在胸中发出共鸣。所以现在，如果可能的话，找个人听你讲，强烈地谈论你认为应该发生或不应该发生的事情，一些错误的、荒谬的或令人震惊的事情。找到一个您有强烈看法的主题，以便您可以将真正的精力投入其中。当你使你的陈述成为现实时，声音就会在你的胸中回响。

Having found the resonance through physical practice, you can also discover it – often more strongly – through mental intention. Most people resonate their voice naturally in the chest when they have a strong opinion about something, especially if the opinion is negative. So now, with someone to listen to you if possible, speak strongly about something you think should happen or shouldn’t happen, something that is wrong, ridiculous or shocking. Find a subject that you have a strong opinion about so that you can put genuine energy into it. When you make your statement real, the sound resounds in your chest.

使用你的胸腔声音

Using your chest voice

胸部的声音非常适合公开演讲和您想要被认真对待的所有情况。大胸骨提供出色的共鸣，不会使您的声音紧张，因此这种说话方式对您的发声器官也很友好。

The chest voice is ideal for public speaking and for all situations where you want to be taken seriously. The big sternum bone provides excellent resonance without straining your voice, so this way of speaking is kind to your vocal apparatus too.

你经常在西方政治领导人的演讲中听到胸腔共鸣。聆听美国前总统比尔克林顿或爱尔兰第一位女总统玛丽罗宾逊的讲述。玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 在担任反对党领袖期间在议会中发表了强有力的讲话，但缺乏这种权威的、深沉的声音。作为总理，她在声乐教练的指导下进行了大量工作，以获得更深沉、权威的胸音，这成为她的标志。

You hear chest resonance often in the speeches of western political leaders. Listen to former US President Bill Clinton or the first female president of Ireland, Mary Robinson. Margaret Thatcher spoke powerfully in Parliament in her time as leader of the opposition but lacked this authoritative deeper chest voice. As prime minister, she put in a lot of work with a voice coach to acquire the deeper authoritative chest sounds that became her hallmark.

如果您害怕表达人们可能不同意的观点，那么以您的胸部共鸣为中心是很困难的。在公共场合听别人说话，你会听到他们失去信心时，声音如何从胸腔强烈的共鸣滑向身体稍高的地方。能够发出胸腔的声音就是要相信自己能够坚定地陈述自己的观点，而不会被别人的想法所左右。

Centring in on your chest resonance is difficult if you fear expressing opinions that people may disagree with. Listen to others in the public arena, and you can hear how their voices slip away from strong resonance in their chest to a slightly higher place in the body when they lose confidence. Being able to produce the chest voice is about trusting yourself to state your case firmly without being swayed by what others think.

当缺乏信任时，您的声音有时比您的言语更能确定事实！作为英国首相，托尼·布莱尔是一位出色的演讲者，他的演讲让听众如痴如醉，他的声音具有许多让人为之亲切的特质。然而，胸中的声音——不受外界影响的真实声音——有时会躲避他。当在媒体采访中被问及他对伊拉克战争的决定是否合理时，你可以听到他的声音是如何收紧和变薄，而不是在胸腔中清晰地回响。布莱尔在强调他的情况时也透露出他的不安，最终在你听他讲话时产生一种不确定的感觉。

When trust is absent, your voice sometimes tells the truth more surely than your words! Tony Blair, as prime minister, was an excellent speaker who carried audiences with him, and his voice had many qualities that made people warm towards him. However, the voice of the chest – the voice of truth that isn’t swayed by outside influence – sometimes eluded him. When asked in media interviews to justify his decisions over the war in Iraq, you can hear how his voice tightens and thins instead of resounding clearly in the chest. Blair reveals his discomfort even as he states his case with emphasis, ultimately creating a feeling of uncertainty as you listen to him.

对你的头部共振感到兴奋

Getting Excited about Your Head Resonance

当您对某事感到兴奋时，您的声音会做出一些特别的事情，这让我产生了共鸣。

Your voice does something special when you get excited about something, and this brings me to head resonance.

我演示了 Track 30 中的头声。兴奋地说出以下短语 - 感叹号是提醒您要真正兴奋！

I demonstrate the head voice in Track 30. Speak the following phrases with excitement – the exclamation marks are your reminders to get genuinely excited!

你永远猜不到发生了什么！

You’ll never guess what’s happened!

我赢了！我知道，这太棒了！

I won! I know, it’s amazing!

这是我见过的最不寻常的事情！

It was the most extraordinary thing I’ve ever seen!

你真的？你不可能有！

Did you really? You couldn’t have!

对于大多数人来说，当您兴奋地阅读前面的短语时，您的声音会在整个短语中或在其中最强的地方变得更高。你感觉越有活力、热情和兴奋，你的声音就越大。

For most people, when you read the preceding phrases with excitement, your voice goes higher, throughout the phrase or at the strongest point within it. The more energetic, enthusiastic and excited you feel, the more your voice rises.

考虑不同的场景。扮演依次问候以下每个人的角色：

Consider different scenarios. Play the part of greeting each of the following people in turn:

出现的人是你最不想见的人。

Someone who turns up and he or she is the last person you want to see.

一个你不太了解的商业伙伴。

A business associate you don’t know well.

您真正关心的人突然来访。

Someone you really care about, who turns up on a surprise visit.

每个人的声音有何不同？我猜第一个是低而平的，第二个是中档和商业类的，第三个是高而兴奋的。

How was your voice different with each person? I’m guessing it was low and flat for the first, mid-range and business-like for the second, and high and excited for the third.

你的语气通常是你热情的相当准确的指标。听听其他人的意见。如果没有什么能让他们太兴奋，你会发现他们的声音不会经常升高。如果你认识一个人，他的生活就像过山车，在巨大的热情和彻底的绝望之间摇摆，你很可能会听到一个声音随着情绪的变化而上下波动，甚至可能在一个句子或短语中。老师们通过他们在课堂上的语气来识别孩子的特征：胆小的人安静低沉的声音和'我！我！我小姐！我知道答案！'

Your tone is usually a fairly accurate indicator of your enthusiasm. Have a listen to other people. If nothing excites them much, you find their voices don’t go up often. If you know someone whose life is a roller coaster, swinging between enormous enthusiasm and utter despair, you’re likely to hear a voice that swoops up and down with the changes of mood, perhaps even within a single sentence or phrase. Teachers recognise children’s characteristics through their tone in their classrooms: the quiet low voices of the timid and the high ‘have to speak’ tones of, ‘Me! Me! Me Miss! I know the answer!’

产生头音

Producing head tones

你的高音在你的脑海中响起，这是一个充满骨隧道和空腔的强大共鸣器。通过以下活动找到您的头音 (Track 30)：

Your high tones ring in your head, which is a powerful resonator full of bony tunnels and cavities. Find your head tones with the following activity (Track 30):

1. 发出长长的呜呜声！声音从舒适的中音开始，然后迅速上升到最高音。

1. Make a long whoo-oop! sound that starts at a comfortable mid-level and rises quickly to your highest pitch.

2. 做上升的“呐喊！” 再次然后自己重​​复高音：oop 。

2. Do the rising ‘whoop!’ again and then repeat just the high sound on its own: oop.

3. 探索你头部的不同共鸣器。

3. Explore the different resonators of your head.

像《指环王》 中的咕噜一样用鼻子发出有趣、高亢的声音，使用大量的“n”音，例如：“Nn, nn, nno, never! 绝不！'

Speak in a funny, high voice in your nose like Gollum in Lord of the Rings, using lots of ‘n’ sounds, for instance: ‘Nn, nn, nno, never! Never!’

注意你的颧骨，并用很多吱吱作响的“w”音说话：“为什么？哇，那太好了！

Become aware of your cheek bones and speak with lots of squeaky ‘w’ sounds: ‘Why? Wow, that’s wonderful!’

想象声音从您的耳朵中传出：'Eeeears！在我耳边！

Speak imagining sound coming out of your ears: ‘Eeeears! Out of my eeeears!’

发出从你的头骨顶部发出的声音，你能想象到的最高音：'Eeee！呜呜呜！Wee Willy Winkiiii！

Make sounds that issue from the very top of your skull, the highest sounds you can ever imagine: ‘Eeee! Wiiiii! Wee Willy Winkiiii!’

是的，我知道！这些声音看起来不像是您在明智的成人对话中经常使用的那种声音。但是一起玩；这些音调是您声音中极其重要的组成部分，可能没有得到足够的锻炼和使用。

Yes, I know! These sounds don’t seem like the kind you’re going to use often in sensible adult conversation. But play along; these tones are vitally important components of your voice and probably under-exercised and under-used.

下面的练习（也包含在第 30 首曲目中）是自行发展您的头部声音以享受所有头部腔体。这个更容易与其他人一起练习。

The following practice (also covered in Track 30) is to develop your head voice on its own to enjoy all the head cavities. This one is easier to practise with someone else.

1. 想象你和你的伙伴都是操场上的孩子。

1. Imagine that you and your partner are both children in the playground.

无需认真对待这一步！

No need to take to take this step seriously!

孩子们声音很大，很兴奋，有时会争吵，而且往往非常坚持。当你们互相高声说话、喊叫和喊叫时，包括这些元素。“那是我的球！” ‘不，这是我的！它来了！哇！“哦，你弄丢了！” “嘻嘻，太好笑了！” . . . 你明白了。

Children have high voices, get excited, sometimes squabble and are often exceedingly insistent. Include these elements as you speak, shout and yell to each other in high voices. ‘That’s my ball!’ ‘No it’s mine! Here it comes! Whee!’ ‘Oh you’ve lost it!’ ‘Hee hee, that’s so funny!’ . . . you get the idea.

2. 选择一个更日常的话题，进行更真实的对话，使用成人的声音，同时仍然包含高音。

2. Choose a more everyday subject and have a more realistic conversation, using your adult voice while still including high tones.

谈论你的经历，并在每条评论中尝试超越对方，坚持认为你的经历比他们的更令人兴奋。边走边增加兴奋度。

Talk about your experience and, with each comment, try to outdo the other person in insistence that your experience was more exciting than theirs. Escalate the excitement as you go.

在下面的例子中（两个人谈论假期），高音用斜体表示——如果你坚持和热情，它们自然会发出高音：

In the example below (in which two people talk about holidays), the high sounds are in italics – they come out naturally high if you’re insistent and enthusiastic:

人 A：我们刚刚去过坎布里亚郡。风景壮丽！ B：啊，但是阿尔卑斯山——那些山太棒了！ 人 A：是的，但是崎岖的多洛米蒂山——太美了！ B：我会告诉你什么——如果你想要辉煌，试试新西兰——太棒了！ A：很好，我敢肯定，但是如果想一次完整地尝试加拉帕戈斯群岛——它们令人难以置信！ B 人：好的，但请检查一下！大堡礁——非凡 ！

Person A: We’ve just been in Cumbria. The landscape is magnificent! Person B: Ah but the Alps – those mountains are amazing! Person A: True, but the craggy Dolomites – just stunning! Person B: I’ll tell you what – if you want splendour, try New Zealand – astonishing! Person A: Good I’m sure, but for a complete one-off try the Galapagos Islands – they’re unbelievable! Person B: Okay, but check this out! The Great Barrier Reef – it’s extraordinary!

只需用你自己的话来表达惊奇——太棒了、奇妙的、辉煌的、美妙的、超级的、精湛的、惊人的和奇妙的等等——让你的声音达到顶峰。

Just use your own words for expressing wonder – terrific, fantastic, brilliant, wonderful, super, superb, stupendous and marvellous are other examples – and let your voice hit the roof.

您可能会发现您的声音在斜体字上并不自然地提高；对于这个练习，鼓励它这样做，即使它感觉很尴尬。通常，您会发现单词中只有重音音节听起来很高，例如“a ma zing”或“ter rri fic”。这很好，听起来比用高音说出整个单词更自然。

You may find that your voice doesn’t rise naturally on the italicised words; for this exercise, encourage it to do so even if it feels awkward. Usually, you find that just the accented syllable in the word sounds high, as in ‘amazing’ or ‘terrific’. That’s fine, and sounds more natural than saying the whole word on a high pitch.

不要将这些热情的高音与感到顺从或恐惧的人的暗淡单调的高音混淆。这种高共鸣背后总是有着活泼的能量。参见第 11 章，了解更多关于如何处理恐惧或尖叫的声音。

Don’t confuse these enthusiastic high tones with the lacklustre thin high tones of someone who feels submissive or fearful. This high resonance always has lively energy behind it. See Chapter 11 for more about how to deal with fearful or squeaky voices.

使用你的头声

Using your head voice

你的高共鸣就像圣诞树装饰上的闪光。它增加了谈话的趣味性。你不会一直使用它，但当你这样做时，人们会立即感受到你的兴奋、热情或你赋予某一点的特殊意义。

Your high resonance is like the sparkle on a Christmas tree decoration. It adds interest to your conversation. You don’t use it all the time, but when you do, people catch instantly your excitement, enthusiasm or the special significance you’re giving to a certain point.

你总是在媒体的聊天节目中听到这些高亢的热情。例如，聆听演员 Jane Horrocks 或节目主持人 Jonathan Ross 的声音，听到频繁的头部音调，让他们的演讲充满活力。

You hear these high tones of enthusiasm all the time on chat shows in the media. Listen, for example, to the actor Jane Horrocks or show host Jonathan Ross to hear frequent head tones giving high energy to their delivery.

高共鸣的另一个重要用途是赋予你的声音更强的承载力。您越想让自己的声音投射出来，就越需要让您的鼻子、脸颊和脸部前部的骨骼（您的面罩）产生共鸣。我并不是说你只使用那些高音，而是它们与你的胸部共鸣相结合，使你的声音具有很好的亮度。您可以在第 7 章中了解更多关于投射声音的信息。

Another vital use of high resonance is to give your voice stronger carrying power. The more you want your voice to project, the more you need to include the resonance of your nose, cheeks and the bones of the front of your face – your mask. I don’t mean that you use just those high tones, but they join with your chest resonance to give your voice a brightness that projects well. You can discover more about projecting your voice in Chapter 7.

作为一般规则，不要长时间单独使用头声。例如，如果你在严肃的论坛上发言，可以在演讲中穿插高音以显示热情或意义重大，但不要连续使用高音。这个建议对女性特别有用，因为持续的高音听起来刺耳且令人不快——并在公共生活中招致指责，说你是女巫、鹰身女妖或更糟！

As a general rule, don’t use your head voice on its own for any length of time. For example, if you’re speaking in a serious forum, intersperse your speech with high sounds to show enthusiasm or significance, but don’t use high sounds continuously. This advice is especially good for women, as a constant high pitch can sound shrill and unpleasant – and attract accusations in public life that you’re a witch, a harpy or worse!

温暖你的心声

Warming to Your Heart Voice

考虑以下媒体对最优秀演讲者的描述：

Consider the following media descriptions of the finest speakers:

'我们这个时代最伟大的传播者之一。. . 发自内心地说话。

‘One of the greatest communicators of our time . . . speaks from the heart.’

“这个星球上最有天赋的沟通者之一——用人的声音发自内心地说话。”

‘One of the most gifted communicators on the planet – speaks from the heart in a human voice.’

'她热情而善于表达。. . 充满激情、口才和干巴巴的幽默。

‘She is fervent and articulate . . . speaking with passion, eloquence and dry humour.’

“说话充满激情和信念。”

‘Speaks with passion and conviction.’

每个描述指的是谁？按顺序：科林鲍威尔、比尔克林顿、作家阿兰达蒂罗伊和特蕾莎修女。一个多元化的群体，但他们共同拥有的一个重要品质就是热情。激情说服。雄辩可能给人留下深刻印象，但强烈的感情会改变人心。

Who does each description refer to? In order: Colin Powell, Bill Clinton, author Arundhati Roy and Mother Teresa. A diverse group, yet one important quality they all share is passion. And passion persuades. Eloquence may impress, but strong feeling changes hearts.

每当演讲者真正发自内心地说话时，您都会听到这种共鸣的柔和的低音调。你可以从纳尔逊曼德拉的声音中听到这一点，他曾说过，一个好的头脑和一颗好的心是一种强大的组合。指挥家本杰明赞德和政治家雪莉威廉姆斯提供了其他发自内心的声音的例子。

Whenever a speaker is genuinely speaking from the heart with feeling, you hear the soft-edged low-pitched tones of this resonance. You hear it in the voice of Nelson Mandela, who once said that a good head and a good heart are a formidable combination. The conductor Benjamin Zander and the politician Shirley Williams provide other examples of heartfelt voices.

在本节中，我将介绍我所说的心声。当你关心某事时，你会表现出一种不同的能量，这种能量自然会为你的声音着色，赋予它更深沉的声音和更柔和的说服力。情感有一种直接从你的心进入听众心的方式。

In this section, I introduce what I call the voice of the heart. You display a different kind of energy when you care about something, and that energy naturally colours your voice, giving it a deeper sound and a softer persuasive edge. Emotion has a way of travelling straight from your heart into the hearts of your listeners.

在各种交流中，声音都带有情感能量的色彩。即使在古典歌唱这种技术难度极高的艺术中，最受推崇的歌手也是那些用心演唱的歌手。著名男高音何塞·卡雷拉斯 (José Carreras) 认为，发自内心的歌声是善与伟的区别。或者，正如诗人 Maya Angelou 所说，“人们会忘记你说过的话，会忘记你做过的事，但人们永远不会忘记你给他们带来的感受。”

Voice is coloured by emotional energy in every kind of communication. Even in classical singing, an art characterised by extremely difficult technique, the most adored singers are those who put heart into their voices. The famous tenor José Carreras suggested that singing from the soul is what distinguishes the good from the great. Or, as the poet Maya Angelou said, ‘People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.’

找到你的激情

Finding your passion

你表达心声的难易程度取决于你向他人展示你的感受的意愿。发自内心的说话就是说话时的感觉。 在您说话时以某种方式感到感动的准确时刻，您的声音会呈现出柔和的音质。

How easily you produce your heart voice depends on how willing you are to show others how you feel. Speaking from your heart is simply about feeling while speaking. At the precise moments when you feel moved in some way while speaking, your voice takes on a softer-edged quality.

这种能力与能够谈论感情 不同。许多人太容易谈论他们曾经或曾经有过的感受：“我觉得他不理解我”或“我觉得这件事发生得太可怕了。” 你经常可以发现一个关于感觉 而不是感觉本身的句子，因为你可以在不改变感觉的情况下在“感觉”或“感觉”一词之后插入“that”这个词。您还会听到声音中不带感情的报告语气。

This ability isn’t the same as being able to talk about feelings. Many people are able to talk only too easily about feelings they have or have had: ‘I felt he didn’t understand me’ or ‘I feel it’s just so awful that it’s happened.’ You can often spot a sentence that is about feelings rather than feeling itself because you can slot in the word ‘that’ after the word ‘feel’ or ‘felt’ without changing the sense. You also hear the unemotional reporting tone in the voice.

向听众透露你的情绪状态感觉很亲密，会让你感到脆弱。然而，当你分享你现在的感受时，你就有很大的联系和影响力的潜力。情感会打动人们，使他们与您建立更多联系，并更强烈地记住您所说的话。如果你想成为有影响力的演讲者，你需要发现这种共鸣。

Revealing your emotional state to your listeners feels intimate and can make you feel vulnerable. When you do share your present feelings, however, you have great potential for connection and influence. Emotion moves people and makes them connect more with you and register more strongly what you’ve said. If you want to be influential as a speaker, you need to discover this resonance.

我在曲目 31 中展示了心声。练习与朋友或同事分享您关心的事情，或者最好是与一小群人分享：

I demonstrate the heart voice in Track 31. Practice sharing something you care about with a friend or colleague, or preferably with a small group:

1. 选择你喜欢或关心的人或事。

1. Choose someone or something you love or care about.

想一想您认识的人或动物或对您来说很特别的地方。想一想您喜欢的一项活动，它能让您感受最真实的自己。或者你热切关心的事业。

Think about a person you know or an animal or a place that is special to you. Think about an activity you enjoy that allows you to feel most yourself. Or a cause that you passionately care about.

选择其中一个主题作为您要谈论的话题。

Choose one of these subjects as the topic you’re going to talk about.

2. 让自己沉浸在对主题的愉快回忆中，然后花几分钟谈谈你的热情。

2. Absorb yourself in enjoyable memories of the subject for a moment, then take a couple of minutes to talk about your passion.

您可能不会立即“开启”您的热情，但别担心；当你谈论它时，你就会进入它。特别想一想您喜欢和关心的事情，以及是什么“让您兴奋”或让您为之感动。

You may not instantly ‘switch on’ to your passion, but don’t worry; you get into it as you talk about it. Think especially of what you enjoy and care about and what ‘turns you on’ or moves you about it.

3. 完成后，询问听众听您讲话时的感受。

3. After you finish, ask your audience what it was like for them to listen to you.

大多数听众发现他们会被一位运用这种感觉的演讲者打动，即使主题不是他们通常涉及的主题。感情极富感染力。

Most listeners discover that they’re moved by a speaker who employs this kind of feeling, even if the subject isn’t one they usually relate to. Feelings are extremely contagious.

即使是感觉也可以通过实践来实现！下次您体验或回忆快乐时光时，花点时间重温当时的情绪。享受它们，甚至放大它们。把快乐的经验记在脑海里，这样你就可以回忆起来并在以后使用它。对其他积极情绪也这样做，例如决心、自信、快乐和同理心。

Even feelings can do with practice! The next time you experience or remember a happy time, take a few moments to relive the emotions. Enjoy them and even amplify them. File away the experience of happiness in your mind, so you can recall it and use it later. Do the same with other positive emotions, such as determination, confidence, joy and empathy.

恐惧的情绪会妨碍其他情绪。恐惧使你自我意识。这导致你试图给人留下印象，而不是诚实地感受一种感觉，而真正的联系就消失了。也许最大的恐惧是，如果你深深地感受到一种情绪，你将无法在别人面前应对它，所以你最终会压抑所有的情绪。如果你这样做了，那就太可惜了，因为发自内心的交流是美好而有力的，无论你是在对着一群人还是对着一个人。此外，在你敢于分享你的情感之后，你就可以从绩效期望、所有那些“应该”和“不应该”中解脱出来。您意识到已经建立了真正的联系，可以放手享受这种体验。每个听你讲话的人也是如此。

The emotion of fear gets in the way of other emotions. Fear makes you self-conscious. That leads to you to try to make an impression rather than honestly feel a feeling, and true connection goes out of the window. Maybe the biggest fear is that if you feel an emotion deeply you won’t be able to cope with it in front of other people, so you end up suppressing all emotion. It’s a shame if you do, as heart-felt communication is beautiful and powerful, whether you’re speaking to a group or to one person. Moreover, after you do dare to share your emotion, you release yourself from performance expectations, all those ‘shoulds’ and ‘shouldn’ts’. You realise that a real connection has been established, and can let go and enjoy the experience. The same is true for everyone who listens to you.

用你的心声

Using your heart voice

许多专业演讲者和商业领袖回避心声，认为它“不专业”或不适合在办公室或会议室使用。当你从你的曲目中完全消除这种声音时，你就失去了公开演讲的强大元素。

Many professional speakers and business leaders avoid the voice of the heart, considering it ‘unprofessional’ or not appropriate in the office or conference room. When you eliminate this voice entirely from your repertoire, you’re missing a powerful element of public speaking.

你不需要一直用你内心的声音。事实上，总是把心藏在袖子里可能不是最好的主意。但是当你使用你的心声时，它是强大的，它会打动人。在表达你的情绪时，你会接触到你生命力中一个强大的元素。

You don’t need to use the voice of your heart all the time. In fact, wearing your heart constantly on your sleeve is probably not the best idea. But when you use your heart voice, it’s powerful and it moves people. In expressing your emotions, you get in touch with a powerful element of your life force.

心声永远是个人的；永远是“我”。它不能是公司的声音或经过深思熟虑的意见。这是它的力量；这是一个人的感觉，因此永远不能争辩或否认。你的感受就是你的感受，它会在你的声音中表现出来。

The heart voice is always personal; it’s always ‘I’. It can’t be the company voice or considered opinion. This is its strength; it is one person’s feeling, and therefore never to be contested or denied. What you feel is what you feel, and it shows in your voice.

内心的声音也使用个人语言。你不能用非感官的商业语言来发自内心。“已确定该战略方法将为公司带来可观的利益”永远不会产生“我下定决心要长远考虑并取得成功”的情感影响。

The voice of the heart also uses personal language. You can’t be heartfelt in the non-sensory language of business. ‘It has been determined that the strategic approach will afford the company considerable benefits’ can never have the emotional impact of ‘I’m fiercely determined to think long-term and win through.’

您可能会发现自己对分享您的真实感受持谨慎态度，因为在过去您的声音已经破裂或者您发现自己在强忍泪水。为了严格控制自己的情绪，有些人坚持平淡无情的表达方式。但感受包括决心、激情、动力、同理心、快乐以及几乎所有与听众产生强烈联系的东西。你的感觉是在你的身体里，而不是你的头上。完全堵住感情，就像把值钱的宝贝连同洗澡水一起倒掉！首先练习在安全的情况下偶尔表露您的感受，然后发现当您这样做时人们的反应如何。

You may find yourself wary of sharing what you genuinely feel because in the past your voice has cracked or you found yourself fighting back tears. Some people stick to a flat unemotional delivery in order to keep tight control of their feelings. But feelings include determination, passion, motivation, empathy, joy and almost everything that connects powerfully with your listeners. You feel in your body, not your head. Blocking feelings entirely is like throwing out a valuable baby with the bath water! Practise revealing your feelings occasionally in safe situations at first, and discover how well people respond when you do.

跟随你的直觉：用庄严和真实说话

Going with Your Gut: Speaking with Gravitas and Authenticity

我参加了其中一个每个人都变得兴奋的会议。一个自信的声音宣称，'好吧，我想。. . ' 只是有另一个发自内心的声音插话，'但我真的觉得。. . ’同时一个激动的声音喊道，‘我们为什么不…… . . ’说话的声音来来回回，没有停顿，然后不知怎么的，说话间没有间断，一个低沉的声音响起，每个人都停下脚步，转过身去听。“这是我们必须要做的，”低沉的声音说道。为什么声音不大，大家都停下来听？不知怎的，我们都听到了！

I was in one of those meetings where everyone was getting excited. A confident voice declared, ‘Well, I think . . . ’ only to be have another heartfelt voice interject, ‘But I really feel . . . ’ while an excited voice cried out, ‘Why don’t we . . . ’ The voices batted to and fro without a pause, and then somehow, with no gap in the talking, a low voice made itself heard and everyone stopped in their tracks and turned to listen. ‘This is what we have to do,’ said the deep voice. Why did everyone stop to listen even though the voice wasn’t loud? And somehow we all heard it!

谈话停止了，因为说话者的声音来自肠子深处的某个地方，产生了一种促使人们倾听的声音。这是全身的声音，一种在内心深处产生共鸣并在全身产生和谐共鸣的声音。它传达了一种难以抗拒的承诺感。我称之为直觉的声音。

The conversation stopped because the speaker’s voice came from a place deep in the gut, producing a sound that impels people to listen. This is the voice of the whole body, one that resonates deep down and finds harmonic resonance throughout the body. It conveys a sense of commitment that is hard to resist. I call it the voice of the gut.

发出你的直觉的声音

Producing the voice of your gut

我可以描述如何产生直觉共鸣的最简单方法是进行以下活动，基于创建冥想中使用的低音欧姆。也听 Track 32。

The easiest way I can describe how to produce the gut resonance is to do the following activity, based on creating the low sound ohm used in meditation. Listen too to Track 32.

1. 敞开心扉，放松。

1. Stand open and relaxed.

有关放松的更多信息，请参见第 5 章。

See Chapter 5 for more on relaxation.

2. 吸一口新鲜的空气，以让您感到舒适的低音 顺畅地进入长音欧姆。

2. Take a fresh breath and launch smoothly into the long sound ohm on a low note that is comfortable for you.

3. 意识到振动。

3. Become aware of vibration.

在任何你能感觉到的地方注意你身体的振动——你的胸部、你的腹部和背部、你的手臂和手、你的指尖、你的腿和整个身体。

Be aware of vibration in your body wherever you can sense it – your chest, lower in your belly and your back, in your arms and hands, the tips of your fingers, your legs and throughout your frame.

4. 适时呼吸，不要紧张，依次注意身体的各个部位。

4. Take a breath whenever you need to without strain, and pay attention to each part of your body in turn.

专注于身体任何可以感觉到振动的部位，从头顶到脚底。

Focus on any parts of your body where you can sense vibration, from the top of your head to the soles of your feet.

5. 感觉到身体的震动后，再吸一口气，用同样的震动小声说几句话。

5. After feeling the vibration in your body, take another breath and say some words quietly using the same vibration.

这是你本能的明智声音。选择一些来自你内心深处的词。也许开始你的句子，'我坚信...... . . ' 或 '我的直觉是。. . '.

This is the wise voice of your instinct. Choose a few words that come from deep within you. Maybe start your sentence, ‘I hold the deep belief that . . . ’ or ‘My gut instinct is . . . ’.

另一种发现直觉共鸣的方法是唱歌和说话。

Another way to discover the resonance of your gut voice is to sing and speak.

1. 用您选择的任何元音哼唱或唱低音调。

1. Hum or sing a low note on any vowel you choose.

你不是在这里参加电视歌唱比赛！只是想低调。不要做任何降低声音的事情：不要把头缩进去或向后拉。以一种自由自然的方式低沉地思考。

You’re not trying out for a televised singing contest here! Just think low and intone. Do nothing to push the sound down: don’t tuck your head in or pull it back. Just think low and intone in a free and natural way.

如果您有钢琴或键盘来检查您的位置，则可能喜欢使用钢琴或键盘。

Use may like to use a piano or keyboard if you have one to check where you are.

2. 从完全相同的地方平静而轻松地说话，不紧张。

2. Speak calmly and easily without strain from exactly the same place.

说一些来自使用整个身体的感觉的简短内容。你能说什么来自你的整体？我想到的一句话是：“这就是它的全部意义所在。” 意义只为我！你会选择什么？

Say something short that comes from that sensation of using your whole body. What can you say that comes from the whole of you? The phrase I think of is: ‘That’s what it’s all about.’ The meaning is just for me! What will you choose?

3. 注意你的声音产生的振动。

3. Be aware of the vibrations that your voice creates.

使用你的直觉

Using the voice of your gut

当某人陈述一个对他或她来说至关重要的真理时，你会听到深沉的直觉声音，超越热情，超越信念，超越情感 - 只是来自这个人的整个内在。直觉声音通常是具有更深刻理解的老年人的声音。这种声音完全没有自我意识、角色扮演和任何其他姿态或自我定位。它简单地说，“就是这样。”

You hear the deep gut voice when someone is stating a truth that is fundamental to him or her, beyond enthusiasm, beyond conviction, beyond emotion – just from the person’s whole inner being. The gut voice is most typically the voice of an older person who has deeper understanding. This voice is entirely free of self-consciousness, role playing and any other posturing or ego-positioning. It says simply, ‘This is how it is.’

仅当您使用直觉或说出对您来说至关重要的真相时，您才会使用直觉，这样人们就不会一直从您的声音中听到它。事实上，这种声音很可能很少出现。

You use your gut voice only when you’re accessing your gut instinct or speaking a truth that is fundamental to you, so people won’t hear it in your voice all the time. In fact, this voice is likely to appear fairly rarely.

在联合国前秘书长科菲安南的声音中不时聆听直觉音调。作为一种与古老智慧相关的声音，您会听到演员们用这些音调为《指环王》中的甘道夫配音，以及在《哈利波特》中为邓布利多配音的迈克尔刚本。

Listen out for gut voice tones from time to time in the voice of the ex-Secretary General of the UN, Kofi Annan. Being a voice associated with ancient wisdom, you will hear actors taking on these tones in the voice of Ian McKellen as Gandalf in Lord of the Rings and Michael Gambon as Dumbledore in Harry Potter.

当每个人深入挖掘他们的基本目的感时，无论年龄（或魔法力量）如何，每个人都可以听到直觉。如果有人问您一个严肃的问题，例如“生活对您意味着什么？”，您可能会用这种声音发出共鸣。并且您能够从内心深处公开而无畏地回答问题。这个表情不会让你毫发无损；您会感觉到自己的界限正在扩大。

The gut voice is available to everyone, regardless of age (or wizardly powers) when they dig down into their sense of fundamental purpose. This voice is the resonance you may use if someone asks you a serious question, such as, ‘What does life mean to you?’ and you’re able to answer the question openly and fearlessly from your deepest being. The expression doesn’t leave you untouched; you have the sense of your boundaries being expanded.

了解你声音的门楼：你的喉咙

Understanding the Gatehouse of Your Voice: Your Throat

在头部明亮的声音和身体自信而发自内心的声音之间，您找到了自己的脖子。

In between the bright sounds of your head and the confident and heartfelt sounds of your body, you find your neck.

如果把人体比作沙漏，喉咙就是沙子滴过的狭窄通道。如果你放松和自由，通道允许声带的振动进入头部和身体的所有共振器，但如果你紧张或恐惧，通道阻塞，阻止你的某些部分产生共鸣。

If you think of the human body as an hourglass, the throat is the narrow passageway where the sand trickles through. If you’re relaxed and free, the passage allows the vibrations of the vocal cords access to all the resonators of head and body, but if you’re tense or fearful, the passageway blocks, preventing certain parts of you from resonating.

喉咙变窄使它成为强大的守门人。

The narrowing of your throat makes it a powerful gatekeeper.

对于某些人来说，喉咙不允许任何低频共鸣，他们的声音只会在喉咙和头部回响——幼稚的、古怪的、聪明的知识分子或过于悦耳的声音。

For some people, the throat permits none of the lower resonance, and they have voices that just resound in the throat and head – childish, geeky, clever intellectual or over-pleasant voices.

对于其他人来说，喉咙会阻挡头部所有快乐兴奋的声音，他们的声音会在喉咙下方或胸腔中一成不变地回响——压抑、无聊或无情的某些声音。

For others, the throat blocks off all the joyful excited noises of the head and they have voices that resound just below the throat or unvaryingly in the chest – inhibited, boring or relentlessly certain voices.

看门人的喉咙所造成的紧张感可能是可怕的。下颚可以像虎钳一样夹紧。颈部可以保持挺杆僵硬。舌头可以牢牢地堵住喉咙的入口。当这些张力锁定该区域时，共振就会减弱，声音也没有生命力。请参阅第 11 章以查找这些块的补救措施。

The tensions put up by the gatekeeper throat can be formidable. The jaw can clamp like a vice. The neck can be held ramrod stiff. The tongue can solidly block the entrance to the throat. When these tensions lock the area, resonance is deadened and the voice has no life in it. See Chapter 11 to find remedies for these blocks.

喉咙在说话时的正确用途是作为声音的通道。有人称它为“心脏的烟囱”，是与世界分享您真实感受和能量的管道。为此，它需要开放和免费。请参阅边栏“第五脉轮：自我表达”，了解喉咙的重要性。

The throat’s proper purpose in speaking is as a channel for sound. Someone called it ‘a chimney for the heart’, the conduit for sharing your real feelings and energies with the world. For this it needs to be open and free. See the sidebar ‘The fifth chakra: Self-expression’ for another take on the throat’s importance.

允许自己说话

Giving yourself permission to speak

如果你用小声和别人说话，你的喉咙自然会发出声音。这很好，但如果你总是从喉咙里说话，你的声音就没有太多变化。如果您不使用头部和身体的共振来改变声音，而是试图通过将声音发到喉咙来产生不同的音调，就会出现问题。

If you talk to someone in a quiet voice, you produce sound naturally from your throat. That’s fine, though if you speak always from the throat, your voice doesn’t have much variety in it. A problem arises when instead of using the resonance of head and body to vary the sound, you try to produce different tones by forcing your voice at your throat.

喉咙很容易受到头部和心脏发生的事情的影响。恐惧、兴奋、压抑、紧张、忧虑——都会以不同的方式影响喉咙。如果您跟踪自己的健康状况，您可能会意识到喉咙痛有时与紧张期同时发生，感冒和鼻塞与即将到来的具有挑战性的约会同时发生。

The throat is vulnerable to what is going on in head and heart. Fear, excitement, inhibition, nervousness, apprehension – all affect the throat physically in different ways. If you track your well-being, you may be aware that sore throats sometimes coincide with periods of tension, and colds and congestion with challenging upcoming engagements.

写我的第一本书《影响力之声》对我来说是一次漫长的个人旅程。在兴奋地期待了几个月的出版之后，我突然开始担心当我的个人想法和想法正式（并且永久地！） 公开供世界上任何人质疑或嘲笑时会发生什么。出版后大约一个星期，我应该就这本书发表演讲，而就在演讲之前，我得了喉炎，无法说话。看门人已经竖起一个街区。是的，我很欣赏语音专家失去声音的讽刺意味！

Writing my first book, Voice of Influence, was an extended personal journey for me. After having looked forward to its publication with excitement for months, I suddenly began to worry about what may happen when my personal thoughts and ideas were officially (and permanently!) out there for anyone in the world to question or ridicule. A week or so after publication I was due to give a speech about the book, and just before the speech I caught laryngitis and was unable to speak. The gatekeeper had put up a block. Yes, I do appreciate the irony of the voice expert losing her voice!

我注意到当人们来找我指导时，能否成功地以不同的共鸣说话取决于他们给予自己内在的许可。例如，如果你无法用胸部共鸣坚定地说话，原因很少是因为身体无能，而是你无法将自己视为“那种人”。换句话说，你不会给自己内部许可那样做。这种未经许可的情况在欢快热情的头声中尤为明显。如果你不允许自己像孩子一样或顽皮——做“呼呼”——你会发现自己与头部声音分离。

I notice when people come to me for coaching that success in speaking with different resonances depends upon their giving themselves inner permission. If you’re unable to speak firmly with chest resonance, for example, the reason is seldom because of physical incapacity but rather that you cannot see yourself as ‘that kind of person’. In other words, you don’t give yourself internal permission to be that way. This lack of permission is particularly noticeable with the joyful enthusiastic head voice. If you don’t give yourself permission to be child-like or playful – to do ‘whoopy’ – you find yourself separated from your head voice.

你的声音之旅既是心理上的，也是身体上的。允许自己表达不同的能量是迈向更自由声音的最大一步。虽然快乐和自由，但这种体验也可以是一种宣泄。

The journey of your voice is psychological as well as physical. Granting yourself permission to express your different energies is the biggest step towards a freer voice. Though joyful and freeing, the experience can be cathartic too.

当你对自己的声音越来越了解时，你就会意识到当你焦虑时你的“守门人”喉咙会拉起护城河的所有迹象。也许你的喉咙发紧，肩膀僵硬。当这种情况发生时，只要提醒自己，当你不关闭时，你是最强大的。心理学家卡尔·罗杰斯 (Karl Rogers) 觉得公开演讲令人生畏，他常常在这种场合提醒自己，“我已经足够了”，这些简单的话给了他鼓励。请参阅第 11 章，了解在说话时克服恐惧的其他方法。

As you get to know your voice better, you become aware of all the signs of your ‘gatekeeper’ throat pulling up the moat when you get anxious. Perhaps your throat tightens and your shoulders stiffen. When that happens, just remind yourself that you’re most powerful when you don’t close down. The psychologist Karl Rogers, who found public speaking daunting, used to remind himself on such occasions, ‘I am enough’, and those simple words gave him encouragement. See Chapter 11 for other ideas for combating fear when you speak.

使用你的整个音域

Using Your Whole Vocal Range

我在前面的部分分别讨论了每个主谐振器，但声音并不是为谐振而设计的。当你说话时，你的各种谐振器会相互作用。

I discuss each main resonator separately in the preceding sections, but the voice isn’t designed for resonances to work in isolation. When you speak, your various resonators interplay with each other.

如果你的声音是完全自由和开放的，你可以在你发出的声音中创造美妙的微妙；此刻，谐振器在不同程度上发挥作用。例如，您可以从轻松舒适的声音开始，在您的喉咙和胸部回响，然后轻微的惊喜会增加您的能量并为您的声音增加更高的振动。当您变得更加兴奋时，声音会被释放到头骨中的共振器中，同时您会感受到一种同理心，当共振找到下半身时，您的声音会变得柔和。因此，随着您的继续，声音会不断变化的共振组合、相互作用、产生谐波并产生奇妙的细微差别，从而为有意识的听众赋予意义。那是理想的自由之声！

If you have a voice that is completely free and open, you can create wonderful subtlety in the sounds you make; resonators come in and out of play to different degrees by the moment. For instance, you may start with a relaxed comfortable sound, resounding in your throat and chest, and then a slight element of surprise increases your energy and adds higher vibrations to your voice. As you become more excited, sounds are released into the resonators in the skull, while meanwhile you feel an empathy that gives your sound an element of softness as resonance finds the lower body. So, as you continue, the sounds are constantly varying combinations of resonances, interacting with each other, producing harmonics, and creating wondrous nuances that make meaning for the aware listener. That’s the ideal free voice!

如果你想能够充分地表达自己，你需要能够使用你所有的共鸣器。这样做也有物理优势：

If you want to be able to express yourself fully, you need to be able to use all your resonators. Doing so has physical advantages too:

只用一两个共鸣器说话，比如你的喉咙和胸部，你的声音会更难。如果你全身都产生共鸣，你的声音就会更有效率。

Speaking just in one or two resonators, such as your throat and chest is much harder on your voice. If you resonate throughout your body, your voice is working more efficiently.

共振协同工作，因此，当所有共振都可用时，您的声音听起来更丰富、更饱满。

Resonances work together so, when all are available, your voice sounds richer and fuller.

如果您将头部共鸣器包含在您的套件中，您就拥有了在任何地方都能听到的终极工具。

If you include your head resonators in your kit, you have the ultimate tool for being heard anywhere.

在表达中呼吸和使用你的所有部分对你的身体健康有好处。

Breathing and using all parts of you in expression is good for your physical well-being.

庆祝你自己的声音盒

Celebrating your own box of sounds

如果您采取有趣的方式来练习共鸣，那么您肯定会发现自己的潜力。以下是我最喜欢的一些想法。

You can discover your own potential most surely if you take a playful approach to practising resonance. Following are a few of my favourite ideas.

假设您是一位莎士比亚演员，为三位不同的导演工作，每位导演都需要不同的表演风格。为了表达你的观点，你需要夸大其词。

Pretend that you’re a Shakespearean actor working for three different directors, each of whom requires a different style of performance. You need to exaggerate in order to make your point.

1. 第一任导演要求哈罗德·品特风格——平庸、“厨房水槽”和低调。让你的陈述变得乏味和冷漠。

1. The first director demands Harold Pinter style – banal, ‘kitchen sink’ and understated. Make your statement dull and indifferent.

2. 第二个想要夸大其词，几乎达到疯狂的程度。说话流畅宏大，延伸所有的声音，声音从高到低涵盖了巨大的音域。

2. The second wants extreme over-the-top declamation, almost to the extent of insanity. Speak smoothly and grandly, extending all the sounds, and cover an enormous range from high to low with your voice.

3. 第三种想要心理强度，每一个想法都来自你的大脑、心灵和灵魂深处。像诗歌一样阅读演讲，像在自言自语一样理解意思。

3. The third wants psychological intensity, where every thought comes from deep within your brain, heart and very soul. Read the speech as poetry, connect to the meaning as if you’re speaking to yourself.

你练习的文本是著名的哈姆雷特独白，他在其中考虑结束自己的生命：

The text for your practice is the famous Hamlet soliloquy where he contemplates ending his life:

是，还是不是：这就是问题所在：

在头脑中忍受

无耻的命运的投石索和箭，

还是拿起武器去面对麻烦的海洋，

并通过反对来结束他们？死：睡觉；

不再; 并通过睡眠说我们结束了肉体所继承的

心痛和千种自然冲击，这是一个完美的愿望。死去，睡去；睡觉：也许做梦：是的，有问题；

To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;

No more; and by a sleep to say we end

The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to, ’tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;

To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub;

这个练习让你有机会练习我在本章中介绍的四个主要共鸣领域。收听曲目 33。

This exercise gives you the opportunity to practise the four main areas of resonance that I cover in this chapter. Listen in to Track 33.

1.找一个主题做一个简短的演讲。

1. Find a subject to make a short speech about.

尽管您只打算说大约四句话，但请选择一个有趣的话题——也许是您正在从事的项目或个人活动。

Although you’re only going to speak for approximately four sentences, choose an interesting topic – perhaps a project you’re working on or a personal activity.

2. 依次考虑每个主要的共鸣，做出适合每个共鸣的陈述。

2. Taking each of the main resonances in turn, make a statement which fits each resonance.

每个句子的开头如下：

Start each sentence as follows:

• 头部共鸣：热情和兴奋。'我很兴奋。. . '

• Head resonance: enthusiasm and excitement. ‘I’m very excited about . . . ’

• 胸腔共鸣：自信的事实和逻辑。'最重要的事实是。. . '

• Chest resonance: confident facts and logic. ‘The most important facts are . . . ’

• 心的共鸣：感觉和情绪。'这让我觉得。. . '

• Heart resonance: feeling and emotion. ‘This makes me feel . . . ’

• 直觉共鸣：深刻的本能和内在的真理。'从根本上说，在内心深处。. . '

• Gut resonance: deep instinct and inner truth. ‘Fundamentally, deep down . . . ’

3. 将四个陈述结合起来，就您的主题创建一篇流畅且令人信服的演讲。

3. Join up the four statements to create one flowing and convincing speech on your topic.

夸大共振以清楚地区分四种不同的声音。享受探索你的范围！

Exaggerate the resonances to distinguish clearly between the four different voices. Enjoy exploring your range!

探索你的极限

Exploring your limits

共鸣是有启发性的，因为你缺失的声音让你知道你允许或不允许自己的存在方式。

Resonance is revealing because your missing voices let you know which ways of being you allow or don’t allow yourself.

如果你太在意别人的想法，你就很难找到你的胸部共鸣中心。

If you care too much what people think, you have problems finding your centred chest resonance.

如果你不能表达你的感受，你的声音中就听不到柔和的心声。

If you’re not able to show your feelings, the softer heart resonance isn’t heard in your voice.

如果你把生活看得太严肃而忘记了你的兴奋和乐趣，你的声音就找不到你旺盛的头音。

If you take life too seriously and have forgotten your sense of excitement and fun, your voice won’t find your exuberant head tones.

如果你扮演任何一种角色，你就无法从内心深处真实的地方说话。

If you play a role of any kind, you’re not able to speak from the deep authentic place in the gut.

如果你只在头脑中产生共鸣，那么生活的情感和直觉是无止境的。

If you resonate just in the head, life’s emotions and gut instincts are beyond limits.

你需要你的整个声音才能充分表达。任何被“封锁”的共鸣都会揭示你生活中你没有表达或生活的一部分。

You need your whole voice to be fully expressive. Any resonance that’s ‘locked out’ reveals a part of your life that you aren’t expressing – or living.

下面的冥想练习可以让你连接你的思想和你身体的各个部分。使用一些简单的想法和感受，例如：

The following meditative practice enables you to connect your thoughts and various parts of your body. Use some simple thoughts and feelings, for example:

我觉得很好奇。

I feel curious.

我对此下定决心。

I am determined about this.

那好美丽。

That’s beautiful.

放松并安静片刻。深呼吸几次。现在，在你的脑海中说出其中一个陈述，并调整你身体的感觉。将一只手放在身体对话语最有反应的部位。例如，很多人在调到好奇心时会指着自己的头，而其他人在调到决心时会感到胸中充满力量。你的感受对你来说是个人的。

Relax and be quiet for a few moments. Take a few deep breaths. Now, say one of the statements in your mind and tune into the sensations of your body. Place a hand on the part of the body that most responds to the words. For example, many people point to their heads when they tune into curiosity, while others feel strength in their chests when they think about determination. What you feel is individual to you.

如果您发现自己对发现自己尚未表达的方面的过程感到害怕，请考虑“好像”的力量。伟大的戏剧导演康斯坦丁·斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基称其为开启想象力的钥匙。您不必致力于成为一种特定的方式——您只需“试穿”一会儿。如果你现在快乐，那会怎样？你会如何站立、坐下、移动和做手势？你会怎么想？你觉得如何？你会怎么说话？当您遵循“好像”路径时，没有什么是不可能的，一切皆有可能。

If you find yourself intimidated by the process of discovering aspects of yourself that you haven’t given expression to, consider the power of ‘as if’. The great theatre director Constantin Stanislavski called it the key to unlocking the imagination. You don’t have to commit to being a particular way – you just ‘try it on’ for a while. If you were happy right now, how would that be? How would you stand, sit, move and gesture? What would you think? How would you feel? How would you speak? When you follow the ‘as if’ path, nothing is off limits and all is possible.